Tshuaj 2024, Lub kaum hli ntuj

Dab tsi yog txheej txheem alveolar ntawm lub puab tsaig? Nws nyob qhov twg, nws txoj haujlwm, qauv, kev loj hlob. Puas yog kev phais yas ntawm thaj chaw no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob thiab raug mob hnyav?

Lub ntsws yog muab los ntawm ob lub vascular sib cais, suav nrog cov hlab ntsws thiab cov hlab ntsha bronchial. Cov hlab ntsha bronchial yuav tsum tsis txhob nkag siab nrog cov hlab ntsha pulmonary. Lawv yog ib feem ntawm lub ntsws txoj hlab ntsws thiab muab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub ntsws vascularization los ntawm kev nqa oxygen-dawb cov ntshav los ntawm txoj cai ventricle kom nws tuaj yeem oxygenated

Bougienage yog dab tsi? Ntau yam ntawm urethral bougie. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem kho hauv cov poj niam, txiv neej thiab menyuam yaus. Cov txheej txheem contraindicated rau leej twg?

Thaum tus neeg tseem muaj sia nyob, nws ua pa. Ua pa yog dab tsi? Cov no yog cov txheej txheem uas tsis tu ncua muab tag nrho cov kabmob thiab cov ntaub so ntswg nrog oxygen thiab tshem tawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide los ntawm lub cev, uas yog tsim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob metabolic

Txog dab tsi yog cov ntshav ntawm lub tsev menyuam, lub atlas ntawm Sinelnikov qhia meej meej. Cov ntaub ntawv yog qhia nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Cov txheej txheem no yeej ib txwm kawm ob qho tib si hauv tsev kawm ntawv nrog rau qhov kev kawm tob thiab hauv tsev kawm kho mob

Magnetic resonance imaging yog ib txoj hauv kev niaj hnub, tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev kuaj lub cev thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Nws tso cai rau koj kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv siab tshaj plaws txog thaj chaw kawm ntawm lub cev. Cov tshuaj niaj hnub no muaj kev kawm MRI ntawm txhua lub cev, pob qij txha, cov pob txha. Cov txheej txheem yog nqa tawm nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug magnetic teb thiab xov tooj cua zaus pulses. MRI cov ntaub ntawv yog siv ob qho tib si rau kev kuaj mob thiab saib xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho mob tsis tu ncua

Txiav txim seb tus neeg puas muaj mob vwm thiab hom dab tsi, tsuas yog kws kho mob hlwb lossis kws kho mob hlwb xwb. Tsis txhob sim kuaj koj tus kheej lossis cov neeg koj hlub ntawm koj tus kheej. Qhov no hnyav dhau lawm. Muaj ntau ntau yam teeb meem tsis zoo uas tus neeg tsis paub yuav ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab

Ntshai yog ib qho xwm txheej ntawm peb lub siab thaum muaj xwm txheej tshwm sim. Nws yuam lub cev los ntsuas kev tiv thaiv nws tus kheej. Tab sis thaum kev ntshai tig mus rau hauv lub xeev mob uas ua rau tuag tes tuag taw lub siab nyiam thiab kev xav, ces nws tsis tsim nyog tham txog nws qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lom neeg. Xws li mob lub xeev ntawm kev ntshai ntshai (phobia) muaj ntau yam ua rau thiab khoom. Ntshai ntawm cov kws kho mob yog ib qho ntawm kev phobias uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg

Cov tshuaj Carcinogenic tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav hauv tib neeg lub cev. Cov khoom noj dab tsi thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev muaj cov carcinogens, lawv nkag mus rau peb lub cev li cas, nyeem hauv kab lus no

Tus kab mob ua rau kub siab yog lub raum hlab ntsha stenosis. Qhov no pathology yog kuaj tau tsuas yog nrog ib tug pronounced ua txhaum ntawm cov ntshav khiav. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau yuav tsum tau phais kev kho mob stenosis

Thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav los, ntau tus pib mob ntau zaus. Kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog thiab beriberi ua rau ntau yam kab mob ua pa, thiab qhov no tshwm sim txhua xyoo. Tias yog vim li cas peb nce kev tiv thaiv nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thaum tsis muaj cov vitamins tshwj xeeb tshaj yog mob. Txhawm rau qhib lub cev tiv thaiv, koj yuav tsum tau hloov koj cov zaub mov

Ntau tus neeg txoj kev tiv thaiv tsis tiv nrog cov haujlwm uas tau muab rau nws. Muaj ntau qhov laj thawj rau qhov no. Kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog tuaj yeem yog vim muaj ntau yam tsis zoo. Qee zaum, yuav tsum tau kho kom raug. Dab tsi txhais tau tias thiab cov hau kev pab txhawb kev tiv thaiv kab mob, yuav tau tham txog hauv qab no

Yuav kom muaj kev noj qab haus huv, koj yuav tsum paub thiab siv tau tsis yog tshuaj xwb, tab sis kuj kawm paub yuav ua li cas rau tus kab mob kom tiav. Kev tua kab mob thiab ua kom tsis muaj menyuam ua rau muaj kev ploj ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic, thiab tseem tuaj yeem tiv thaiv, tiv thaiv lawv cov tsos

Txhua tus neeg mob, tab sis tib lub sijhawm tsis muaj leej twg xav txog seb nws tus mob puas tsim nyog - kab mob dav dav lossis daim ntawv nosological. Nws yog dab tsi, nyeem hauv kab lus no

Mob hauv tsev kho mob yog ib qho teeb meem nyuaj tshaj plaws uas tshwm sim hauv ntau lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb. Kev puas tsuaj rau kev noj qab haus huv thiab nyiaj txiag los ntawm cov kab mob hauv tsev kho mob loj heev. Paradoxically, txawm tias muaj kev nce qib loj hauv kev kho mob thiab kuaj cov thev naus laus zis thiab, tshwj xeeb, kev kho mob hauv tsev kho mob, qhov teeb meem no tseem yog ib qho mob hnyav tshaj plaws. Cia peb kawm txog qhov teeb meem no kom ntxaws ntxiv

Cov khoom siv kho mob xav tau qhov kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam. Tias yog vim li cas txhua lub tsev haujlwm ntawm qhov profile no muaj lub txee qhuav-kub, uas yog tsim los rhuav tshem cov kab mob phem

Txhua yam hauv peb lub ntiaj teb sai lossis tom qab dhau los ua qhov kawg tshwm sim - qhov pov tseg uas tsis coj ib yam dab tsi zoo rau kev tsim ib yam dab tsi, tsuas yog siv qhov chaw xwb, thiab qee zaum yog qhov txaus ntshai tag nrho. Hauv kab lus no, peb yuav qhia koj txog kev kho mob pov tseg, nrog rau yuav ua li cas kom tshem tau nws. Kab lus no tau pom zoo rau sawv daws nyeem

Kev kuaj mob niaj hnub ua kom pom tau ntau yam kab mob thaum ntxov. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov txheej txheem tau dhau los ua kev puas tsuaj rau tus neeg mob. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov teeb meem hauv qhov no yog tsawg heev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas yog cov ntaub ntawv tshaj plaws. Ib txoj kev zoo li no yog kev siv lub hlwb. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm hom kev kuaj mob no yuav tau tham hauv kab lus

Nws yog qhov zoo dua los nrhiav seb qhov poov tshuaj nyob qhov twg ua ntej pib mob txhawm rau pom cov tsos mob txaus ntshai nyob rau lub sijhawm thiab nrhiav kev pab los ntawm kws kho mob

Pathogenic microorganisms, kab mob, fungi, parasites nkag mus rau peb ntawm daim tawv nqaij puas, digestive system, mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm lub qhov ntswg thiab caj pas thiab nrhiav ua kom ib tug neeg nyob rau hauv lawv lub tsev, ua rau ntau yam kab mob. Thiab tsuas yog ua tsaug rau kev tiv thaiv peb tau txais kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev cuam tshuam loj heev. Cov ntaub so ntswg lymphoid yog qhov tseem ceeb heev

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm splenectomy yog siv thaum kev kho mob ntawm qee yam kab mob autoimmune hematological, nrog rau kev raug mob, mob plawv, qog, ruptures thiab abscesses tsis muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Kev phais phais yog nqa tawm los ntawm sab sauv nruab nrab laparotomy, oblique incision khiav mus rau sab laug ntawm sab laug, los yog siv txoj kev thoraco-abdominal hauv thaj tsam ntawm yim qhov chaw intercostal ntawm sab laug nrog kev hloov mus rau phab ntsa sab nrauv ntawm lub plab. peritoneum

Mob taub hau hauv cov tuam tsev yog qhov kev tsis txaus siab uas feem ntau cov neeg mob tig mus rau lawv cov kws kho mob neuropathologist. Raws li kev txheeb cais, qhov kev sib txawv no tshwm sim hauv ntau dua 70% ntawm tag nrho cov neeg laus nyob hauv peb lub ntiaj teb. Ib tug neeg ntsib cov kev xav tsis zoo no tsis tshua muaj, thaum ib tus neeg nyob nrog lawv tsis tu ncua

Cov lus qhia yuav ua li cas ntxiv dag zog rau lub paj hlwb tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau yuav luag txhua tus uas ua lub neej nquag

Tib neeg lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog qhov tsim nyog los tiv thaiv nws los ntawm txhua yam ntawm cov kab mob txawv teb chaws thiab cov tshuaj, nrog rau kev rhuav tshem nws cov hlwb, cov kev pab cuam caj ces uas tau ua txhaum cai. Cov kab ke no suav nrog ntau lub cev sib txawv, cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov hlwb

Muaj ntau dua ib puas lab kab mob sib txawv, thiab txhua hnub muaj ntau dua thiab ntau dua pathologies tshwm sim. Txhua tus kab mob muaj cov duab piav qhia classical, uas yog kawm los ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv kho mob, tab sis yuav luag txhua txhua pathology kuj muaj ntau yam ntaub ntawv nrog rau qib ntawm qhov hnyav, cov kev xaiv hauv chav kawm, kev tshwm sim atypical, thiab lwm yam

Computed tomography ntawm lub raum yog cov ntaub ntawv tshaj plaws thiab raug kuaj xyuas txoj kev uas tso cai rau koj kom raug kuaj xyuas thiab sau ntawv kho tau zoo

CKD (mob raum mob) yog ib yam kab mob uas feem ntau ua raws li nephropathy. Cov theem ntawm CKD yog dab tsi thiab yuav ua li cas kho cov kab mob no?

Mob raum tsis ua haujlwm (ARF) yog ib yam mob uas ua rau muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm lub raum ua haujlwm. Tus kab mob no txaus ntshai heev vim tias muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob, thiab cov tsos mob tshwm sim tsis tau npaj txhij, uas yuav tsum tau kho mob ceev

Tib neeg lub cev tau muab qhov nruab nrab ntawm 2500 milliliters dej. Txog 150 milliliters tshwm nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm metabolism. Rau ib qho txawm faib dej hauv lub cev, nws cov khoom nkag thiab tawm yuav tsum sib haum rau ib leeg

Kev mob raum rau menyuam yaus yog qhov tshwm sim ntau heev. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm congenital anomalies ntawm lub urinary system, thiab kuj tshwm sim vim tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob los yog raws li ib tug teeb meem ntawm lwm yam kab mob. Hauv menyuam yaus, kev tiv thaiv kab mob tseem tsis zoo, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory hauv lub cev

Txiv neej txoj kev ua neej yog ceev heev. Tom qab koom nrog ib qho kev tshwm sim, qee zaum koj yuav tsum tau sawv ntxov thaum sawv ntxov, muab koj cov kev xav rau hauv kev txiav txim, noj ntau yam tshuaj, uas muaj ntau hauv cov khw muag tshuaj niaj hnub no, kom hnub ua hauj lwm ua tau zoo li qhov ua tau. Cov cawv nyob hauv cov ntshav ntev npaum li cas? Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua teb lo lus nug no unambiguously. Nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev, tus nqi ntawm cov cawv haus, qhov zoo ntawm cawv

Exudate yog cov kua tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem sib sau hauv ntau cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Nws yog tsim los ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab ingress ntawm cov ntshav muaj. Cov tsos mob ntawm cov kua dej no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm thawj theem (mob) ntawm ntau yam pathologies

Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov tawv nqaij thiab pob kws, koj tuaj yeem siv thaj chaw tshwj xeeb rau pob kws qhuav. Nws zoo kawg nkaus softens thiab maj mam tshem tawm warts, callus, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm cov khoom ntawm xws li kev kho mob, muaj cov uas muaj ib tug qhov txhab kho, sterilizing, analgesic, antiseptic thiab antifungal nyhuv, tshem tawm kev puas tsuaj thiab calluses, raws li zoo raws li khaus

Eczema yog ib qho mob dermatosis nrog o ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov pob khaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog kev ua xua

Karganate yog hu ua potassium permanganate crystals. Cov tshuaj no yog siv los ua tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob. Txog rau tam sim no, poov tshuaj permanganate tau siv dav heev. Nrog nws cov kev pab, lawv kho cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tshem tawm ntawm fungi, tiv thaiv kev lom thiab tsis raws plab. Potassium permanganate da dej tau pov thawj lawv tus kheej tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo rau kev kho mob hemorrhoids

Kev paub txog txhua tus sulfonamides tau ua pov thawj lawv tus kheej txij thaum ub, vim lawv tau tshawb pom ua ntej qhov tshwm sim ntawm penicillin. Nyob rau lub sijhawm tam sim no, cov tshuaj no hauv kev kho mob tau poob qee qhov txiaj ntsig, vim lawv tau hloov los ntawm cov tshuaj niaj hnub zoo dua. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kho mob ntawm qee yam kab mob

Lub cev muaj zog tab sis elastic pelvic diaphragm hauv cov poj niam yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev, tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau cov xeeb ntxwv tag nrho, yug tau yooj yim, tab sis kuj tswj kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov kab mob genitourinary kom txog thaum muaj hnub nyoog

Lub plab yog dab tsi, lub cev lub cev yog dab tsi? Kev soj ntsuam ntxaws ntxaws ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub plab - ntu ntawm lub plawv, lub fundus, lub cev ntawm lub cev, qhov pyloric. Dab tsi tuaj yeem ua lub plab? Dab tsi yog qhov haujlwm ntawm lub cev hauv lub cev? Kev phais kom tshem tawm ib feem ntawm lub plab: qhov tshwm sim, cov lus pom zoo tiv thaiv

Cov tshuaj enzyme tau siv dav hauv cov tshuaj raws li kev kuaj mob (enzymodiagnostics) thiab kho (enzyme kho) cov neeg ua haujlwm. Enzymes kuj tseem siv los ua cov tshuaj reagents tshwj xeeb uas txiav txim siab ntau yam tshuaj

Ib qho ntawm kev phais kom zoo nkauj yog daim tawv nqaij grafting. Txoj kev phais no yog tsim nyog rau kev kub hnyiab ntawm 3 thiab 4 degrees, tom qab raug mob. Qee zaum, sab xub ntiag ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog nqa tawm txhawm rau txhawm rau zais qhov tsis xws luag xws li vitiligo, hyperpigmentation, trophic ulcers