Txhua hnub tib neeg lub cev raug yuam kom tawm tsam nrog kev nkag mus ntawm ntau yam txawv teb chaws rau hauv lub cev. Pathogenic microorganisms, kab mob, fungi thiab kab mob nkag mus rau peb los ntawm cov tawv nqaij puas, digestive system, qhov ntswg thiab pharyngeal mucosa thiab ua rau ntau yam kab mob. Thiab tsuas yog ua tsaug rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob (lo lus yog muab los ntawm Latin immunitas thiab txhais tau tias "kom dawb los ntawm ib yam dab tsi") peb raug tiv thaiv los ntawm kev cuam tshuam loj heev. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov ntaub so ntswg lymphoid, uas tau faib thoob plaws hauv lub cev thiab tag nrho ua rau 1% ntawm tag nrho lub cev qhov hnyav. Yog li ntawd yog dab tsi?
Definition
Ib yam ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas uas cov kab ke ntawm macrophages thiab lymphocytes nyob yog hu ua lymphoid. Nws tuaj yeem nthuav tawm raws li cov kab mob sib cais, lossis nws tuaj yeem yog ib feem ntawm lub cev. Muaj cov ntaub so ntswg lymphoid nyob rau hauv lub cev xws li cov pob txha pob txha thiab spleen, lymph nodes thiabthymus. Hauv lawv, nws yog qhov ua haujlwm parenchyma.
Nyob rau hauv lub mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm ib co kab mob kuj muaj tsub zuj zuj ntawm lymphoid cov ntaub so ntswg - bronchi, urinary ib ntsuj av, raum, hnyuv thiab lwm yam.
Functions
Nyob rau hauv txhua qhov kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv, yam tsis muaj kev zam, cov ntaub so ntswg lymphoid yog qhov tseem ceeb. Nws muaj lymphocytes, macrophages thiab blasts, plasma hlwb, mast hlwb thiab leukocytes tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm invading txawv teb chaws hlwb thiab tshem tawm puas hlwb ntawm lub cev nws tus kheej. Cov qog nqaij hlav, thymus caj pas thiab plab hnyuv (lymphoid) cov ntaub so ntswg yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim cov hlwb ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Yog tias kab mob lossis kab mob nkag mus rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij puas, kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv yog qhib rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav ze tshaj plaws ntawm qhov chaw nkag mus, cov qog ntshav qog thiab cov macrophages raug tso tawm, uas txav nrog cov qog thiab cov ntshav mus rau qhov chaw. nyob qhov twg "alien" pom. Thaum muaj kev tawm tsam loj, thaum lub zog ntawm ib lub qog tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus, tag nrho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tig rau.
Kev tsim kho
Lymphoid cov ntaub so ntswg feem ntau yog cov hlwb dawb txhawb nyob rau hauv lub network ntawm reticular fibers. Lub network tuaj yeem ua kom tuab ntawm kev sib xyaw (ua cov ntaub so ntswg ntom) lossis xoob (nrog rau qhov chaw uas cov hlwb pub dawb). Cov fibers lawv tus kheej yog tsim los ntawm hom III collagen.
Kawg
Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm qhov tshwm sim loj tshaj plaws ntawm kev nkag mus rau cov kab mob alien, lojtxuam nrog lymphoid cov ntaub so ntswg. Paub txog txhua tus neeg, cov tonsils yog cov ntaub so ntswg lymphoid ntawm lub pharynx, nyob rau ntawm ciam teb nrog lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav. Lawv yog cov pharyngeal, palatine, tubal thiab laryngeal. Tag nrho ntawm tag nrho cov tonsils thiab thaj chaw yog cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm nasopharynx.
Nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb heev rau peb txoj kev noj qab haus huv, vim nws ua rau cov kab mob microbes nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov ncauj thiab qhov ntswg. Thiab ua ke nrog cov khoom nruab nrog cev uas muaj cov ntaub so ntswg lymphoid, nws ua kom qhov tsim ntawm cov lymphocytes xav tau rau tag nrho cov kab mob.
Nrog rau lwm yam, cov ntaub so ntswg lymphoid hauv lub caj pas cuam tshuam nrog cov qog endocrine (adrenals, thyroid, thymus, pancreas), tsim kev sib raug zoo "pituitary gland - adrenal cortex - lymphatic ntaub so ntswg" ua ntej tus menyuam lub hnub nyoog.
Dab tsi yog hypertrophy
Ib tug menyuam hnub nyoog peb mus rau kaum xyoo tuaj yeem tsim hypertrophy ntawm lymphoid cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm tonsils, thaum nws txoj haujlwm tsis cuam tshuam. Tsuas yog thaum pib ntawm kev puberty xwb cov ntaub so ntswg hypertrophied pib txo.
Nws tsis paub meej tias cov txheej txheem no txuas nrog li cas, tab sis qhov kev iab liam ua rau yog mob ntawm pharynx lossis kab mob, ntau yam kab mob endocrine. Hypertrophy tuaj yeem ua rau mob tsis tu ncua lossis hloov pauv pathological hauv pob ntseg, qhov ntswg, thiab larynx.
Yog tias qhov ntswg ua pa tsis zoo, qhov ua pa ntawm lub ntsws tsis muaj zog. Tom qab ntawd, qhov no ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov ntshav - hemoglobin thiab cov erythrocytes txo qis, thiab leukocytes nce ntxiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov haujlwm ntawm lub plab zom mov, cov thyroid caj pas, thiab cov qog adrenal pib cuam tshuam. Ua txhaum tag nrho cov txheej txheem ua rau ncua kev loj hlob thiab kev sib deev ntawm tus menyuam.
YDab tsi yog hyperplasia
Lo lus "hyperplasia" tuaj rau peb los ntawm cov lus Greek thiab txhais tau tias supereducation. Ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais, qhov no yog ib qho pathology uas cov hlwb pib sib txuas sai, ua kom cov ntaub so ntswg ntau ntxiv.
Tab sis hyperplasia ntawm lymphoid cov ntaub so ntswg tsis yog kab mob, tab sis yog cov tsos mob. Cov lus teb ntawm lub cev rau cov tsos ntawm tus kab mob los yog inflammatory txheej txheem nyob rau hauv lub cev. Outwardly, qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pom nyob rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav. Muaj peb hom lymph node hyperplasia:
- Kev kis mob. Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob rau txhua tus kab mob ua rau tsim cov lymphocytes thiab macrophages hauv hom nrawm, qhov no ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg lymphoid.
- Reactive. Cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob nkag mus rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav, qhov chaw uas lawv cov khoom lag luam metabolic sib sau ua ke, cov co toxins uas lawv tso tawm, ua rau, ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov hlwb macrophage.
- Muam. Txhua lub hlwb ntawm cov qog ntshav qab zib tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem pathological no, uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm nws qhov loj, cov duab thiab cov qauv.
Lymphoid cov ntaub so ntswg yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm peb lub cev. Nws pab tiv thaiv ntau yam kab mob txawm tias ua ntej tus kab mob nkag mus rau hauv nrog rau zaub mov thiab huab cua. Nws kuj ua lwm yam haujlwm, lub tshuab uas tsis tau kawm tiav.
Qee lub sijhawm cov ntaub so ntswg lymphoid ua rau mob, thiab cov kab mob xws li mob plab hnyuv, tonsillitis, thiab ntau lwm yam tshwm sim (nyob ntawm qhov chaw.localization ntawm lymphoid cov ntaub so ntswg). Feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, cov kws kho mob siv cov txheej txheem phais kev kho mob, hauv lwm lo lus, lawv tshem tawm qhov cuam tshuam los yog lub cev. Txij li tag nrho cov haujlwm ntawm lymphoid tsim tsis tau kawm tiav, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua 100% tseeb tias qhov kev tshem tawm no tsis ua rau tib neeg lub cev.
