Kev paub txog txhua tus sulfonamides tau ua pov thawj lawv tus kheej txij thaum ub, vim lawv tau tshawb pom ua ntej qhov tshwm sim ntawm penicillin. Nyob rau lub sijhawm tam sim no, cov tshuaj no hauv kev kho mob tau poob qee qhov txiaj ntsig, vim lawv tau hloov los ntawm cov tshuaj niaj hnub zoo dua. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kho mob ntawm qee yam kab mob.
Dab tsi yog sulfonamides?
Sulfanilamides yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas tsim los siv cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub thiab cuam tshuam nrog sulfanilic acid derivatives.
Cov tshuaj tua kab mob luv luv no yog ib qho tshuaj streptocide. Nws yog ib qho ntawm thawj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pab pawg no ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Nws muaj qhov dav spectrum ntawm kev ua. Cov tshuaj yog synthesized raws li ib tug dawb crystalline hmoov, odorless thiab tasteless, lub aftertaste yog qab zib.
Ib tshuaj tua kab mob kuj tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm sodium sulfanilamide, hmoov dawb uas yog soluble hauv dej. Kujyog muab tso rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj. Sulfanilamide sodium tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov pas nrig thiab cocci, cuam tshuam rau malaria, proteus, nocardia, plasmodia, toxoplasma, chlamydia, muaj cov kab mob bacteriostatic. Cov tshuaj sulfanilamide yog siv los kho cov kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Kev faib tawm ntawm sulfonamides
Sulfanilamides yog cov tshuaj uas ua tsis tau zoo hauv lawv txoj haujlwm rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob niaj hnub no. Lawv yog cov tshuaj lom heev, uas txhais tau hais tias lawv cov kev qhia ntau yam tsawg heev. Kev npaj sulfanilamide, nyob ntawm seb cov khoom thiab cov tshuaj pharmacokinetics, tau muab faib ua 4 pawg:
Sulfanilamide npaj, uas tau sai thiab yooj yim nqus los ntawm txoj hnyuv. Lawv yog siv rau kev kho kab mob tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm cov kab mob sib kis los ntawm cov kab mob nkag mus rau sulfonamides: Sulfadimethoxin, Etazol, Sulfadimizin, Sulfacarbamide, Sulfametizol
- Sulfanilamides, uas maj mam thiab tsis tiav nqus los ntawm txoj hnyuv, thaum tsim kom muaj siab nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv me thiab loj: "Ftazin", "Sulgin", "Etazol-sodium", "Ftalazol".
- Sulfanilamides, uas yog siv rau sab nrauv lossis sab nraud kom tau txais cov nyhuv hauv zos. Rau kev kho mob ntawm qhov muag kab mob, lawv tau ua pov thawj lawv tus kheej: sulfacyl sodium ("Sulfacetamide", "Albucid"), nyiaj sulfadiazine ("Dermazin"), "streptocid tshuaj pleev.10%", "Mafenide acetate ointment 10%".
- Salazosulfonamides, uas yog nitrogen tebchaw ntawm sulfonamides thiab salicylic acid: "Salazomethoxin", "Sulfasalazine". Cov npe tshuaj sulfonamide yog qhov dav heev.
Main mechanisms of action
Kev xaiv cov tshuaj rau kev kho mob ntawm tus neeg mob yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov kab mob, vim hais tias lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua ntawm sulfonamides yog inhibits cov kab mob rhiab heev hauv cov hlwb uas tsim cov folic acid. Nws yog vim li no tias qee cov tshuaj, xws li Metionomiks lossis Novakon, tsis tuaj yeem ua ke nrog lawv, vim tias lawv tuaj yeem ua rau cov nyhuv ntawm sulfonamides tsis muaj zog. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov metabolism hauv cov kab mob, nrog rau kev thaiv lawv txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob.
Ib daim ntawv
Txhua qhov kev npaj sulfonamide muaj tib lub mis, tab sis txawv cov tshuaj pharmacokinetics nyob ntawm tus qauv. Muaj cov ntaub ntawv tso tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev daws rau kev txhaj tshuaj txhaj tshuaj: Streptocid, Sodium Sulfacetamide. Qee qhov yog npaj rau kev txhaj tshuaj intramuscular: "Sulfadoxin", "Sulfalen". Kev siv tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke ntawm sulfonamides tuaj yeem ua rau ob txoj hauv kev. Cov menyuam yaus yog cov tshuaj sulfa tshuaj pleev los yog hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj: Cotrifarm, Co-trimoxazole-Rivopharm.
Kev qhia
Cov lus qhia tseem ceeb rau kev siv cov pab pawg sulfonamide yog:
- pob txuv pob txuv (pob txuv vulgaris), o ntawm cov hauv paus hniav, erysipelasmob;
- 1st thiab 2nd degree kub hnyiab;
- streptococcal impetigo;
- Ypyoderma, boils, carbuncles;
- kis mob ntawm ntau yam xwm txheej;
- kab mob purulent-inflammatory ntawm daim tawv nqaij;
- tonsillitis;
- kab mob qhov muag;
- bronchitis.
npe tshuaj sulfa
Sulfanilamides yog cov tshuaj uas, nyob ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm kev ncig, muab faib ua cov tshuaj: nrawm, nruab nrab, ntev (ntev) thiab ua haujlwm ntev. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj heev los sau cov npe ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv pab pawg no, yog li hauv qab no peb yuav muab ib lub rooj nrog tsuas yog cov tshuaj sulfonamides ntev:
"Argedin" - cov khoom tseem ceeb: nyiaj sulfadiazine. Indications rau kev siv yog superficial kis kab mob thiab qhov txhab, daim tawv nqaij grafts, abrasions
- "Argosulfan" - lub ntsiab active tshuaj: nyiaj sulfadiazine. Hlawv ntawm ntau yam etiologies thiab tag nrho cov degrees, purulent qhov txhab, frostbite, abrasions, txiav, kab mob dermatitis, bedsores, trophic ulcers.
- "Norsulfazol" - lub ntsiab active tshuaj: norsulfazol. Cov kab mob kis tau los ntawm pneumococcus, staphylococcus, hemolytic streptococcus, E. coli, gonococcus, gonorrhea, pneumonia, dysentery, cerebral meningitis.
- "Oriprim" - cov khoom tseem ceeb: sulfamethoxazole. Indications - kis kab mob ntawm cov kab mob genitourinary, ENT kab mob, kab mob plab, kab mob ua pa, tawv nqaij thiab mos.fabrics.
- "Pyrimethamine" - cov khoom tseem ceeb: pyrimethamine. Kev tiv thaiv thiab kho tus kab mob malaria, thawj polycythemia, toxoplasmosis.
- "Prontosil" (liab streptocide) - lub ntsiab active tshuaj: sulfanilamide. Cov lus qhia yog puerperal sepsis, streptococcal pneumonia, erysipelas ntawm epidermis.
Daim npe tshuaj sulfa ua ke
Kev siv sulfonamides yog qhov ntau heev. Ntau hom kab mob microorganisms tau kawm los hloov thiab hloov mus rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Thiab yog li ntawd, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tshuaj tau tsim ua ke sulfa tshuaj, nyob rau hauv uas lub ntsiab active ingredient yog ua ke nrog trimethoprim. Ntawm no yog ib lub rooj ntawm cov tshuaj sulfo:
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"Bactrim" - cov khoom tseem ceeb: sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim. Cov kab mob sib kis ntawm cov kab mob hauv qab thiab sab sauv, kab mob urinary, ob lub raum, plab hnyuv, cov nqaij mos, tawv nqaij thiab lwm yam kab mob.
Kev kho mob sulfonamide - "Berlocid" - cov khoom tseem ceeb: sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim. Cov kab mob sib kis ntawm cov kab mob ua pa, caj pas, qhov ntswg, pob ntseg, kab mob genitourinary, raum, nocardiosis, brucellosis, South American blastocycosis, thiab lwm yam.
- "Duo-Septol" - cov khoom tseem ceeb: sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim. Kev kis kab mob hauv plab, kab mob ua pa, cov nqaij mos thiab tawv nqaij, kab mob urogenital, septicemia, brucellosis, meningomyelitis.
- "Ciplin" - cov khoom tseem ceeb: sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim. Cov kab mob sib kis ntawm cov kab mob ua pa, tso zis, kab mob plab, cov nqaij mos thiab tawv nqaij, cov kab mob ENT, kab mob urogenital.
Cov lus qhia rau kev siv
Yuav ua li cas kho nrog sulfonamides? Cov tshuaj tua kab mob no tuaj yeem siv tau ob qho tib si hauv qhov ncauj thiab qhov ncauj. Cov lus qhia rau kev siv sulfanilamide npaj tau hais tias cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos yuav tsum siv cov tshuaj ntawm 0.05 g, nruab nrab ntawm cov hnub nyoog ob thiab tsib xyoos - ntawm 0.3 g, nruab nrab ntawm cov hnub nyoog ntawm rau thiab kaum ob xyoos - ntawm 0.6 g. Cov neeg laus tau pom tias noj 0.5-1.3 g txog tsib zaug hauv ib hnub. Cov chav kawm dav dav ntawm kev kho mob yog muab los ntawm kws kho mob thiab nyob ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm tus kab mob. Feem ntau, lub sijhawm ntawm cov tshuaj yog ib lub lim tiam. Txhua cov tshuaj sulfanilamide yuav tsum tau ntxuav nrog dej alkaline. Tsis tas li, tus neeg mob noj zaub mov yuav tsum suav nrog cov khoom noj uas muaj cov sulfur los tiv thaiv crystallization thiab tswj tag nrho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov zis.
Kev ua ntawm sulfonamides tsis yog ib txwm zoo. Tej zaum yuav muaj qhov tsis zoo los ntawm lub cev.
Side effects
Thaum siv sijhawm ntev thiab tswj tsis tau cov tshuaj sulfa, cov kev mob tshwm sim tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Cov no suav nrog ntau yam kev ua xua ntawm lub cev, mob taub hau, kiv taub hau, xeev siab, ntuav. Nrog rau lub cev nqus dej mus rau hauv cov ntshav, cov tshuaj sulfanilamide tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm cov placenta, thiab tom qab ntawd nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm tus menyuam yug los, thaum ua rau muaj tshuaj lom. Yog vim li no cov poj niam cev xeeb tub tau qhia kom ceev faj heevkho daim ntawv thov thiab ua raws li cov txheej txheem kho mob raws li tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb.
Contraindications rau kev siv tshuaj sulfa yog:
- tus neeg mob siab rau cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj;
- cov ntsiab lus qis hemoglobin;
- impaired hemoglobin synthesis;
- daim siab lossis lub raum tsis ua haujlwm;
- kab mob ntawm cov kab mob hematopoietic thiab cov ntshav;
- azotemia.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm sulfonamides peb tau tham saum toj no.
Tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj sulfa
Sulfanilamide npaj tuaj yeem yuav ntawm lub tsev muag tshuaj lossis xaj los ntawm lub khw hauv online. Qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem tom kawg ntawm kev yuav khoom yog tias thaum xaj ntau cov tshuaj tib lub sijhawm, qhov sib txawv ntawm tus nqi yuav pom tau, vim tias koj yuav tau them nyiaj ntxiv rau kev xa mus yuav ib qho tshuaj. Kev npaj sulfanilamide ntawm domestic ntau lawm yog pheej yig dua. Nov yog tus nqi piv txwv:
- "Sulfanilamide" (dawb streptocide) nrog ntim ntawm 250 g ntawm Swiss ntau lawm yuav raug nqi txog 1900 rubles.
- Biseptol (pob ntawm 20 ntsiav tshuaj ntawm 120 mg) ntawm Polish ntau lawm yuav raug nqi txog 30 rubles.
- "Sinersul" nrog ntim ntawm 100 ml ntawm Croatian ntau lawm yuav raug nqi 300 rubles.
- Sumetrolim (pob ntawm 20 ntsiav tshuaj ntawm 400 mg) ntawm Hungarian ntau lawm yuav raug nqi 115 rubles.
Tam sim no peb paub tiasCov no yog sulfonamides.
