Cov tshuaj enzyme tau siv dav hauv cov tshuaj raws li kev kuaj mob (enzymodiagnostics) thiab kho (enzyme kho) cov neeg ua haujlwm. Enzymes kuj tseem siv los ua cov tshuaj reagents tshwj xeeb uas txiav txim siab ntau yam tshuaj. Piv txwv li, siv cov piam thaj oxidase txiav txim siab qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav thiab cov zis. Urea enzyme - txhawm rau kuaj urea. Los ntawm kev siv ntau yam dehydrogenases, cov khoom sib txuas tau pom, xws li ethyl cawv, pyruvate, thiab lwm yam.
Cia peb xav txog kev siv cov enzymes kom ntxaws.
YDiagnostic enzymes
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev kuaj enzyme yog tsim kom muaj kev kuaj mob lossis tus mob los ntawm kev kuaj xyuas cov enzyme hauv cov kua dej lom hauv lub cev.
Enzymodiagnostics yog ua raws li cov hauv qab no:
- yog tias cov hlwb hauv cov ntshav lossis lwm cov kua dej lom neeg puas tsuaj, qhov concentration ntawm intracellular enzymes hauv cov hlwb puas nce;
- tus nqi ntawm cov enzyme uas tso tawm yog txaus rau kev kuaj pom;
- thaumKev puas tsuaj ntawm tes raug kuaj pom, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov enzymes nyob rau hauv cov khoom ntawm cov kua roj ntsha yog ruaj khov rau lub sijhawm ntev thiab txawv ntawm cov qauv;
- qee cov enzymes feem ntau los yog tag nrho hauv ib cheeb tsam hauv qee lub cev, uas yog, lawv yog cov kab mob tshwj xeeb;
- muaj qhov sib txawv hauv qhov chaw ntawm ntau cov enzymes hauv cov hlwb.
Kev siv cov enzymes tam sim no nce zuj zus.
Yog vim li cas thiaj nce qib enzymes hauv cov ntshav
Enzymes muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntshav plasma muab faib ua ob pawg:
- nquag zais rau hauv cov ntshav los ntawm qee yam kabmob (qee pawg me);
- enzymes uas tau tso tawm los ntawm cov hlwb thaum lawv ua haujlwm ib txwm ua (ib pawg loj ntawm cov enzymes uas ua haujlwm ncaj qha rau hauv lub cell thiab tsis muaj teeb meem hauv cov ntshav los ntawm qhov pom ntawm lub cev; hauv cov neeg noj qab haus huv, lawv cov dej num tsawg. thiab mus tas li, txij li qhov piv ntawm cov nqi tso tawm ntawm cov hlwb thiab kev puas tsuaj tas li).
Yog li qhov taw tes ntawm kev siv cov enzymes yog dab tsi?
Thaum lub sijhawm cov kab mob feem ntau, cov hlwb raug puas tsuaj, thiab txhua yam muaj nyob hauv lawv, suav nrog cov enzymes, raug tso tawm ncaj qha rau hauv cov ntshav. Qhov no yog vim muaj qhov tsis xws luag hauv permeability ntawm cov cell membrane thaum lub sij hawm inflammatory txheej txheem los yog ua txhaum ntawm kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov hlwb lawv tus kheej thaum lub sij hawm necrosis. Hauv cov chaw kuaj ntshav biochemical, kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau cov enzymes hauv cov ntshav tau txiav txim siab zoo, thiab qhov nozoo pab rau kev kuaj mob ntawm cov leeg pob txha, daim siab, lub plawv thiab lwm yam ntaub so ntswg. Muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm qib ntawm enzyme kev ua haujlwm hauv cov ntshav plasma thiab qib ntawm cellular puas.
Tus nqi rau kev kuaj enzyme
Kev paub txog subcellular localization ntawm enzymes kuj tseem ceeb heev rau enzymodiagnostics. Piv txwv li, yog tias cov enzymes tshwm sim hauv cov ntshav uas muaj cytosolic localization nkaus xwb, ces peb tuaj yeem tham txog cov txheej txheem inflammatory; Yog tias pom muaj cov enzymes nuclear lossis mitochondrial, qhov no qhia tau tias twb muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm cellular, piv txwv li, necrosis.
Tab sis nws tsim nyog xav txog tias qhov concentration ntawm enzymes (peb yuav xav txog daim ntawv thov hauv qab no) tsis tas yuav nce ntxiv vim cov ntaub so ntswg puas.
Yog tias cov cell proliferation ntau dhau (piv txwv li, nrog nce tus lej ntawm cov enzymes hauv cov hlwb, thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm oncoproliferative lossis nrog kev tshem tawm tsis zoo), tom qab ntawd qhov kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov enzymes muaj nyob hauv. cov ntshav. Yog li ntawd, cov kws kho mob yuav tsum nco ntsoov nco ntsoov tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm enzyme hauv cov ntshav ntawm cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab cov menyuam yaus txawv ntawm cov neeg laus noj qab haus huv.
Kev siv cov enzymes thiab coenzymes hauv khw muag tshuaj
Vim lawv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab, enzymes tau siv los ua cov tshuaj kho mob rau qhov tsawg. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev kho enzyme tau nce siab heev hauv cov lus qhia xws li:
- ib feem ntawm txoj kev kho nyuaj thaum siv cov enzymesnrog rau lwm yam kev kho mob;
- hloov kho, uas siv cov enzymes yog tias lawv tsis txaus.
Kev hloov enzyme kev kho mob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thaum muaj kab mob hauv plab, uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev tso kua dej tsis txaus ntawm cov hnyuv. Yog li, pepsin yog siv rau hypoacid thiab anacid gastritis, akhiliya. Qhov tsis muaj pancreatic enzymes tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev noj tshuaj uas suav nrog cov enzymes tseem ceeb hauv cov txiav (Mezim-forte, Enzistal, Festal thiab lwm yam). Lub hauv paus rau kev siv cov enzymes hauv tshuaj yog dab tsi?
Nyob hauv tshuaj
Raws li kev kho ntxiv, enzymes tau siv thaum muaj qee yam kab mob. Piv txwv li, proteolytic (chymotrypsin, trypsin) yog siv nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm purulent qhov txhab los ntawm lub zos ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav rhuav tshem cov proteins ntawm cov hlwb tuag thiab tshem tawm viscous secrets los yog ntshav txhaws nyob rau hauv ntau yam mob ntawm lub pa ib ntsuj av. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev npaj enzyme-based tau dhau los ua dav siv rau thromboembolism thiab thrombosis. Rau qhov no, streptodecases, streptolyases, urokinases, nrog rau kev npaj fibrinolysin yog siv. Qhov no lees paub cov lus qhia siv rau enzymes.
Hyaluronidase (los yog lidase), uas ua rau kev tawg ntawm hyaluronic acid, yog siv ob qho tib si intramuscularly thiab subcutaneously los pab nti daws tom qab kev ua haujlwm lossis kub hnyiab, txij li hyaluronic acid crosslinks kev sib txuas.ntaub.
Tsis tas li, kev npaj raws li cov enzymes nquag siv hauv cov kab mob oncological. Piv txwv li, asparaginase, uas catalyzes catabolism ntawm cov amino acid xws li asparagine, yog siv los kho cov kab mob leukemia.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob leukemic ntawm asparaginase tau ua ntej los ntawm kev tshawb pom ntawm qhov tsis zoo enzyme asparagine synthetase hauv cov hlwb leukemia, uas ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv asparagine synthesis. Leukemic cells tsis tuaj yeem koom nrog nws, tau txais asparagine los ntawm cov ntshav ntshav. Yog tias asparagine muaj nyob rau hauv nws raug rhuav tshem los ntawm kev qhia asparaginase, ces qhov tsis muaj asparagine yog tsim nyob rau hauv leukemic cells, vim tias cov cellular metabolism yuav cuam tshuam thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob yuav tsum nres.
Immobilized enzymes suav nrog cov enzymes uas nyob hauv cov tshuaj ntsiav tshuaj lossis cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom thauj khoom.
Ntau zaus, rau kev ua tau zoo dua, kev siv cov poly-enzymes thiab De-Nol tau muab tshuaj rau tib lub sijhawm.
YBasic mus kom ze rau enzyme immobilization
Yuav kom immobilize enzymes, siv ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb:
- lawv kev hloov kho tshuaj;
- kev cais lub cev nyob rau hauv ib qho khoom siv inert.
Lwm txoj kev yog kev siv cov lipid capsules, uas yog, liposomes uas tau dhau los ntawm daim nyias nyias thiab tsim cov kev xav tau hauv lub cell.
Cov khoom zoo ntawm immobilized enzymescov hauv qab no:
- yooj yim sib cais los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nruab nrab, vim tias cov enzyme tuaj yeem rov qab siv tau (cov khoom lag luam tsis muaj paug);
- muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li cov txheej txheem enzymatic;
- enzyme stability nce.
Lwm hom phiaj
Ntxiv rau, cov enzymes no tuaj yeem siv rau lub hom phiaj hauv qab no:
- Npaj - ua cov mis nyuj, tsim cov syrups nrog cov ntsiab lus siab fructose siv qabzib isomerase, tau txais L-amino acids los ntawm aminoacylase).
- Analytical. Muaj ntau yam khoom siv - tsis siv neeg ntsuas, enzyme electrodes, kuaj tshuab, thiab lwm yam).
Yog li, Super Maya enzyme yog nrov. Cov lus qhia rau kev siv qhia tias nws yog siv los ua cheese thiab cheese hauv tsev.
Nws yog raws li dej, ntsev 15%, microbial protease (M.miehei 1%).
Kev noj zaub mov ntxiv Khoom noj khoom haus Enzymes los ntawm NSP nrog digestive enzymes (cov lus qhia rau kev siv yog txuas rau nws) - kev pom zoo ua ke ntawm cov enzymes muaj zog heev ntawm cov tsiaj thiab zaub keeb kwm, yog ib qhov chaw ntawm hydrochloric acid nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm betaine hydrochloride, txhawb kev nqus thiab rhuav tshem tag nrho cov as-ham.
