Txhua yam hauv peb lub ntiaj teb sai lossis tom qab dhau los ua qhov kawg tshwm sim - cov pov tseg uas tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev tsim ib yam dab tsi, tsuas yog siv qhov chaw xwb, thiab qee zaum yog qhov txaus ntshai tag nrho. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav qhia koj txog cov pov tseg kev kho mob, thiab yuav ua li cas pov tseg.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Tus txheej txheem rau kev tuav pov hwm kho mob tau tsim nyob rau theem kev cai lij choj.
Cov pov tseg ntau tshaj plaws yog muab pov tseg los ntawm kev faus rau hauv qhov chaw tshwj xeeb npaj. Txoj kev no suav nrog cov nqi nyiaj txiag ntau rau kev thauj mus los, kev ua haujlwm, kev ua haujlwm, nrog rau kev tsim qhov chaw rau kev puas tsuaj.
Txhua lub koom haum uas nws txoj haujlwm cuam tshuam txog tshuaj yuav tsum tau muab rau nws cov neeg ua haujlwm uas twb muaj lawm nrog qhov chaw nyab xeeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Yog tias cov khib nyiab tsis tau muab pov tseg kom zoo, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam kab mob ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, suav nrog feem ntau.txaus ntshai thiab txaus ntshai.
Kev phom sij ntawm cov pov tseg yog tias nws muaj cov kab mob loj, ntau yam kab mob thiab kab mob. Yog tias koj ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua, ua txhaum txoj cai rau kev sau cov khoom pov tseg kho mob thiab lawv cov pov tseg, ces qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob, txhua yam kab mob nce ntxiv. Tau kis tus kab mob, tus neeg ua phem rau lwm tus, kis tus kab mob.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob, cov kev cai tshwj xeeb tau raug coj los siv rau kev pov tseg cov pov tseg kho mob.
Cov dej num tseem ceeb ua ntej pov tseg
Kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov pov tseg kho mob tshwm sim raws li hauv qab no:
- Thawj pib, nws yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab txog qib kev phom sij ntawm cov pov tseg, nyob ntawm seb qhov kev txiav txim siab yuav raug txiav txim ncaj qha rau txoj kev pov tseg.
- Tom qab txiav txim siab txog kev phom sij, lub tuam txhab pov tseg cov khib nyiab npaj qee lub hnab lossis ntim khoom. Lawv txawv xim.
- Tom qab txiav txim siab txog chav kawm thiab ntim khoom, cov khoom pov tseg uas tsim kev puas tsuaj raug txav mus rau hauv cov tsheb tshwj xeeb mus rau cov tuam txhab, qhov twg nws yuav muab pov tseg rau ntau txoj hauv kev, uas peb yuav piav qhia hauv qab no hauv kab lus.
Cov khoom thauj yuav tsum xa nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:
- Chaw nyob ntawm lub tsev kho mob lossis lwm qhov chaw kho mob uas thov khaws cov khib nyiab pov tseg.
- Cov ntaub ntawv lees paub cov chav kawm pov tseg, lawv qhov hnyav npaum li cas, nrog rau cov npe thiab cov npe ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thaujcov khoom txaus ntshai rau qhov chaw puas tsuaj.
Kev cai huv thiab kab mob kis kab mob thiab kev tswj hwm (SanPiN) rau kev kho mob pov tseg yog tsim los ntawm cov kev cai ntawm txoj cai tam sim no ntawm Russia. Kev tswj hwm kev ua raws li cov qauv yog ua los ntawm cov koom haum tshwj xeeb uas koom nrog kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov pej xeem.
Kev faib khoom pov tseg
Cov chav kho mob pov tseg hauv qab no muaj:
- A - qhov no yog cov pov tseg tsis zoo, lawv cov khoom sib xyaw zoo ib yam li cov khib nyiab hauv nroog. Lawv tsis muaj kev sib cuag nrog tus neeg mob cov kua dej thiab cov kab mob kis tau. Nws tuaj yeem yog ntau lub thawv ntim khoom, cov khoom siv sau.
- B - pov tseg phom sij, lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm qee tus kab mob. Cov no suav nrog txhua yam khoom uas tau nkag mus rau tus neeg mob cov ntshav lossis lwm yam khoom siv lom neeg.
- B - pov tseg txaus ntshai heev. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no tau sib cuag nrog cov neeg mob uas muaj cov kab mob txaus ntshai. Yog tias lawv tau mus rau cov neeg noj qab haus huv, lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev kis mob ntawm tib neeg thiab ib puag ncig. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj kev phom sij pov tseg yog nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb. Cov no yog, piv txwv li, qhov seem ntawm kev tsim khoom hauv chav kuaj.
- G - toxicologically txaus ntshai pov tseg. Cov no suav nrog ntau yam tshuaj, tshuaj tua kab mob uas tau poob lawv qhov tsim nyog rau kev siv. Piv txwv li, cov khoom uas muaj mercury nyob rau hauv lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, pov tseg los ntawm cov tshuaj thiab dab tsi tshuav tom qab ua hauj lwm ntawm cov khoom.
- D - pov tseg uas tau cuam tshuam los ntawm hluav taws xob. Cov no suav nrog txhua qhov pov tseg uas nyob rau theem ntawm hluav taws xobTshaj li qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai.
Tom qab kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam ntawm chav kawm B thiab C pov tseg, lawv tuaj yeem khaws cia, thauj thiab pov tseg ib ntus nrog cov khib nyiab hauv chav kawm A yog tias lawv ntim nrog cov cim tias lawv tsis muaj paug tag.
Kev kho mob yooj yim ntawm cov pov tseg
Txoj kev rov ua dua tshiab tshaj plaws rau kev pov tseg cov pov tseg kho mob ntxiv suav nrog:
- Incineration siv incinerators.
- Npaj thiab kub kom tsis muaj menyuam.
- Tshuaj tua kab mob.
- YSiv microwaves.
- Sterilization nrog hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb.
Txhua txoj hauv kev saum toj no muaj nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Tom qab siv ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem kho mob saum toj no, cov pov tseg kev kho mob tuaj yeem raug rhuav tshem ua ke nrog cov khib nyiab hauv tsev hauv ib qho chaw pov tseg. Yog tias cov khib nyiab nyob hauv cov kua, ces nws tuaj yeem muab pov tseg rau hauv cov kav dej nyab xeeb, uas yog cov tuam txhab feem ntau tshwj xeeb hauv qhov no.
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no, cov pov tseg raug hlawv rau hauv qhov cub tshwj xeeb. Cov khib nyiab zoo li no tsis tuaj yeem muab cais ua ntej, vim nws raug puas tsuaj tag. Qhov zoo ntawm incineration yog txoj kev no yog tsim rau txhua yam kev kho mob pov tseg. Lub ntsiab tsis zoo yog tias thaum lub sij hawm ntawm pov tseg incineration, nrog rau cov pa luam yeeb, ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov tshuaj phem raug tso tawm rau hauv cov huab cua, uas yuav tom qab.cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig.
Steam sterilization
Qhov no yog ua tiav nrog kev npaj tshwj xeeb - autoclave, nyob rau hauv siab thiab kub. Nrog nws cov kev pab, linen, hnav khaub ncaws, chav kuaj iav yog sterilized, thiab nws kuj tseem siv ua ntej kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khib nyiab pov tseg.
Xaiv hom tshuaj tua kab mob no, cov khoom pov tseg yuav tsum raug siv rau kev ua haujlwm ntxiv - sib tsoo, kom yav tom ntej lawv yuav tsis siv rau lwm lub hom phiaj. Tom qab ntawd, koj tsis tuaj yeem ntshai ntawm kev pov tseg cov pov tseg kho mob hauv cov chaw pov tseg.
tshuaj tua kab mob
Ua tiav nrog kev pab ntawm cov tshuaj chlorine. Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov, cov txheej txheem no yog tsim nyog rau kev pov tseg cov kua khib nyiab. Thaum ua tiav tiav, lawv tuaj yeem muab pov tseg hauv qhov ntws, nrog rau lwm cov kua dej.
YSiv microwaves
Ua ntej kev puas tsuaj los ntawm txoj kev no, txhua yam pov tseg yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg, tom qab ntawd nws tau tov nrog dej thiab raug rau hluav taws xob microwave. Ua tsaug rau cov cua sov thiab chav tso tawm, cov khib nyiab heats sib npaug thiab tag nrho cov khoom phom sij tuaj tawm ntawm lawv. Tom qab ntawd, cov khib nyiab kho mob tuaj yeem muab pov rau hauv qhov chaw pov tseg tsis tu ncua. Txoj kev no yog ib qho tshiab tshaj plaws piv rau lwm tus thiab suav tias yog lwm txoj hauv kev zoo rau cov txheej txheem incineration, vim nws yuav tsum tau them nyiaj tsawg dua.
