Cov teeb meem ntawm ntshav qab zib mellitus: kev kho, kev tiv thaiv thiab nta

Cov txheej txheem:

Cov teeb meem ntawm ntshav qab zib mellitus: kev kho, kev tiv thaiv thiab nta
Cov teeb meem ntawm ntshav qab zib mellitus: kev kho, kev tiv thaiv thiab nta

Video: Cov teeb meem ntawm ntshav qab zib mellitus: kev kho, kev tiv thaiv thiab nta

Video: Cov teeb meem ntawm ntshav qab zib mellitus: kev kho, kev tiv thaiv thiab nta
Video: Beer Yang - Hauv tshuaj ( Official MV ) 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Nyob hauv tsab xov xwm peb yuav xav txog cov teeb meem ntawm ntshav qab zib.

Cov kab mob no muaj ntau heev hauv ntiaj teb niaj hnub no. Tus kab mob no tsis tsuas yog hloov pauv tib neeg lub neej nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj ua rau qee qhov teeb meem. Mob ntshav qab zib mellitus yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm endocrine system. Yog tias cov tshuaj insulin tsis txaus los rhuav tshem cov piam thaj, tus kab mob yuav raug xa mus rau hom ntshav qab zib hom 1. Ntau dhau ntawm cov tshuaj insulin, uas tsis tuaj yeem khi rau qee cov receptors, qhia tias muaj kab mob ntawm hom thib ob.

ntshav qab zib mellitus teeb meem ntawm ko taw
ntshav qab zib mellitus teeb meem ntawm ko taw

Yuav ua li cas thiaj mob ntshav qab zib?

Tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus kab mob

Pathology ntawm thawj hom yog feem ntau raug rau cov hluas thiab menyuam yaus. Hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus feem ntau pom hauv cov neeg laus. Ua tsaug rau txoj kev kuaj mob raws sij hawm, nws muaj peev xwm zam kom tsis txhob muaj tus kab mob ntxiv. Kev kho tsis yog tshuaj.

Cov teeb meem ntawm hom 1 thiab hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib tsis txawv ntau.

kuaj tsis raug thiab kho qeeb tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv cov tsos mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim nyob rau theem pib thiab tom qab ob peb xyoos txij li lub sijhawm kuaj pom pathology. Cov teeb meem ntawm ntshav qab zib tau muab faib ua ntxov thiab lig.

Nyob zoo ib yam

Cov teeb meem no tseem hu ua mob hnyav, thiab ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau lub neej. Lawv yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev loj hlob sai, uas yuav siv sij hawm ib tug ob peb teev mus rau ib lub lim tiam. Kev tsis saib xyuas kev kho mob lossis kev muab tsis raws sijhawm ntawm feem ntau ua rau tuag.

Ntawm cov teeb meem mob ntshav qab zib mellitus yog coma - ib qho mob uas muaj kev poob qis hauv txhua txoj kev ua neej hauv tib neeg. Cov kev ua ntawm cov txheej txheem txo, thiab cov reflexes, nyob rau hauv lem, kiag li ploj. Ntawm lwm yam, muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv thiab nws cov atherosclerosis, kev nyuaj siab nrog kev ua pa tsis muaj peev xwm yuav muaj.

mob ntshav qab zib hom 1
mob ntshav qab zib hom 1

Nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los saib pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib. Nws yog tsim heev sai heev, yog li nws yuav tsum tau muaj ib tug neeg nyob ze ntawm tus neeg mob. Qhov no yuav tsum yog ib tug txheeb ze uas paub muab kev pab thawj zaug lossis cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob. Kev kho tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau ua tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm cov kws kho mob hauv tsev kho mob. Thaum xub thawj, tus neeg mob raug xa mus rau qhov mob hnyavkev kho mob. Tom qab qee qhov kev txhim kho, nws raug xa mus rau chav haujlwm tshwj xeeb.

Cia peb saib kom ze rau hom mob ntshav qab zib no.

Type of room

Hauv tshuaj, coma feem ntau muab faib ua ob pawg loj:

  • Hyperglycemic type com.
  • Hypoglycemic type com.

Dab tsi ua rau mob ntshav qab zib hom no? Hypoglycemic coma tshwm sim vim kev poob qis hauv cov suab thaj. Lawv yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm ib qho khoom siv hauv lub sijhawm luv luv. Hyperglycemic coma tau muab faib ua ketoacidosis, nrog rau cov ntawv hyperosmolar thiab hyperlactacidemic.

Cov teeb meem ntawm hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib muaj npe hauv qab no.

Ketoacidosis Nyob

Tus mob no yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg mob uas raug xaiv thawj hom kab mob. Ketoacidosis yog ib yam kab mob metabolic, uas yog vim li cas cov tshuaj insulin tsis txaus. Kev ua txhaum cai yog qhia nyob rau hauv kev nce hauv cov piam thaj thiab ketone lub cev, thiab kuj yog nrog los ntawm kev nce hauv cov ntshav acidity. Kev tsim ntawm ketoacidosis, raws li txoj cai, tshwm sim hauv ntau theem. Thaum pib ntawm qhov teeb meem, raws li ib feem ntawm kev soj ntsuam kuaj cov zis, cov piam thaj tau kuaj pom hauv cov khoom. Thaum tsis muaj qhov txawv txav, cov piam thaj hauv cov zis yuav tsum tsis tuaj.

Nyob rau theem ob, muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm cov txheej txheem metabolic. Qee cov cim qhia ntawm intoxication ntawm lub cev tsis suav nrog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ib tug neeg muaj kev nyuaj siab, thiab nws lub siab xav tsis meej pem. Hauv kev kuaj sim, acetone pom hauv cov zis. Cov theem tom ntej yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

  • kev npamcondition.
  • Ib feem ntawm kev tsis nco qab.
  • Nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg.
  • Kev kuaj mob ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm ntshav qab zib mellitus
    Kev kuaj mob ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm ntshav qab zib mellitus

mob ntshav qab zib yuav tsum tau kho tam sim.

theem peb ntawm ketoacidosis hu ua poj koob yawm txwv. Tom ntej no, nyob rau hauv lem, yog kev hem thawj rau lub neej, raws li qhov no twb yog coma. Nyob rau theem no, muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm yuav luag txhua lub cev, nrog rau kev ua tiav ntawm kev nco qab thiab kev ua txhaum ntawm cov txheej txheem metabolic. Yog vim li cas rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov teeb meem no yog kev ua txhaum ntawm kev noj haus thiab tshuaj noj, kev kho tus kheej ntawm cov tshuaj los yog tsis kam noj lawv. Ketoacidosis tuaj yeem tshwm sim qee lub sijhawm tom qab tso tseg kev siv tshuaj txo qis. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus mob no tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm ib qho lossis lwm qhov inflammatory lossis kis kab mob. Thaum cev xeeb tub, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm qhov tsis muaj insulin, uas tuaj yeem ua rau coma.

Hypoglycemic coma

Cov teeb meem ntawm hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib muaj ntau yam xws li ntshav qab zib hom 1.

Qhov teeb meem zoo li hypoglycemic coma tshwm hauv cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib, tsis hais nws hom. Tsis zoo li ketoacidosis, qhov mob no ua rau cov tshuaj insulin ntau dhau. Muaj tseeb, muaj cov xwm txheej ntawm nws qhov pib tom qab kev tawm dag zog hnyav lossis haus cawv ntau dhau. Hom coma no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tsis nco qab ua tiav nrog rau kev tawm hws ntau. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tej zaum yuav muaj tsawg theem ntawm lub teeb teb ntawm cov tub kawm ntawv. Nyob ntawmQhov pib ntawm coma tuaj yeem tiv thaiv yog tias xav tau cov carbohydrates noj.

vascular teeb meem ntawm ntshav qab zib
vascular teeb meem ntawm ntshav qab zib

Teeb meem ntawm ntshav qab zib mellitus lossis hypoglycemic coma tuaj yeem tshwm sim sai heev. Nws yog ua ntej los ntawm cov cim xws li kev tshaib kev nqhis hnyav nrog rau kev ntxhov siab, kev ntxhov siab ntau dhau, nce siab thiab cov menyuam kawm ntawv loj. Tsis tshua muaj, tus cwj pwm txawv txawv nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm lub siab xav, mob taub hau thiab qhov muag tsis pom kev tau sau tseg. Muaj qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev tuag yog tias tus neeg mob tsis raug coj tawm ntawm lub coma li ntawm ib nrab teev. Thaum lub sij hawm no, cerebral edema yog tsim thiab metabolic teeb meem tshwm sim. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev tuag ntawm lub paj hlwb cortex tau pom.

Hyperosmolar coma hauv ntshav qab zib

hom kev nyuaj no txawv ntawm nws cov tsos mob. Nrog nws, kev nce hauv sodium tebchaw nrog piam thaj hauv cov ntshav tau sau tseg. Raws li kev sib xyaw ua ke no, muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus ntawm cov hlwb ntawm lub cev. Feem ntau, tus mob no tshwm sim ntawm cov neeg laus.

Thaum thawj theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm hyperosmolar coma, lub cev qhuav dej thiab tsis muaj insulin raug pom. Lub cev qhuav dej ntev ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tsos mob thib ob, xws li cov quav tsis zoo nrog xeev siab thiab ntuav, thiab tseem muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kabmob sab hauv, nrog rau cov ntshav poob. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm qhov teeb meem zoo li no kav ntev li ob peb lub lis piam. Thaum pib, cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob ntshav qab zib mellitus tshwm sim:

  • nqhis dej.
  • poob phaus.
  • tso zis ntau zaus.

Tseem tsis nco qab. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau theem pib, lub sij hawm luv luv nrog twitching ntawm ceg ceg yuav tshwm sim.

Nyob rau yav tom ntej, tus kab mob no muaj tus cwj pwm zuj zus. Tsis nco qab tshwm sim ntau zaus thiab nkag mus rau hauv coma. Qee tus neeg kuj muaj kev hnov lus. Cov tsos mob ntawm hyperosmolar coma muaj ntau haiv neeg. Nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lub paj hlwb thiab qhia tawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm convulsions, nrog rau ib feem lossis ua tiav qhov tsis muaj kev txav. Kuj muaj teeb meem hais lus. Cov paib zoo li no kuj tshwm sim ua txhaum ntawm lub hlwb.

Kev kho mob ntshav qab zib yog kev siv tshuaj, ntau yam tshuaj tua kab mob. Kev kho mob yuav tsum ua kom tiav. Ua ke nrog kev txo qis hauv qhov tshwm sim ntawm hyperosmolar coma, nws yuav tsum ua raws li qhov ua rau nws tshwm sim.

Xav txog vascular mob ntshav qab zib.

mob ntshav qab zib pab
mob ntshav qab zib pab

mob ntshav qab zib mellitus thiab nws cov teeb meem lig

Cov teeb meem lig ntawm tus kab mob muaj xws li nephropathy, retinopathy thiab mob ntshav qab zib ko taw uas tshwm sim nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev mob ntshav qab zib. Tej zaum lawv qhov tshwm sim nees nkaum xyoo tom qab kuaj pom.

Cov xwm txheej zoo li no tshwm sim maj mam thiab feem ntau yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib hom 2. Tsis tshua muaj, qhov teeb meem lig ntawm ntshav qab zib tau kuaj pom thaum yau.

Kev tshwm sim ntawm ntshav qab zib nephropathy

Qhov noCov teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm lub raum thiab ua rau lub raum tsis ua haujlwm. Pathology tshwm sim kaum xyoo tom qab kuaj mob ntshav qab zib mellitus hauv ib tus neeg. Hauv hom 1 kab mob, qhov teeb meem no yog qhov ua rau tuag taus. Mob ntshav qab zib nephropathy feem ntau dhau los ntawm peb theem hauv qab no:

  • Kev soj ntsuam me me ntawm cov protein hauv cov zis.
  • Saib cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv cov zis.
  • Lub raum tsis ua haujlwm.

Kev kho yuav tsum tau ua tiav nyob rau theem pib ntawm pathology. Nws lub hom phiaj yog kom normalize ntshav siab. Rau qhov no, cov tebchaw yog siv los normalize ntshav siab thiab txhim kho cov ntshav khiav hauv ob lub raum. Nyob rau theem tom ntej, kev npaj cov tshuaj insulin yog siv, noj zaub mov tsis muaj ntsev. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv siv txoj kev kho mob kom normalize siab, tus nqi ib txwm yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 130/80 millimeters mercury. Yog tias tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov tshuaj tau sau tseg, lwm tus raug xaiv.

teeb meem tom qab ntshav qab zib
teeb meem tom qab ntshav qab zib

Lub raum tsis ua haujlwm tau muab faib ua ob hom: kev saib xyuas thiab lub davhlau ya nyob twg. Hauv thawj hom, nws txoj kev kho mob yog nqa tawm yam tsis tau sau tshuaj. Lub hauv paus ntawm kev kho yog nruj ua raws li kev noj haus nrog rau kev txwv ntsev kom tsawg. Hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, cov tshuaj insulin tuaj yeem raug tshuaj.

Kev kho mob hom thib ob yog ua hauv tsev kho mob raws li kev saib xyuas ntawm cov kws kho mob. Cov dej num yog tsom rau kev txhim kho tus neeg mob tus mob thiab koom nrog hemodialysis. Hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav dua, kev hloov pauv tau pom zoo.lub cev.

Kev mob ntshav qab zib ntawm ob txhais ceg

Qhov teeb meem no yog nrog los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha, thiab, ntxiv rau, daim tawv nqaij. Qhov tshwm sim yog:

  • Tshuaj mob mob thiab mob ntev.
  • Kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem purulent.
  • Nyob lib amputation.

Nyob rau hauv hom kab mob neuropathic, cov hlab ntsha ntev tshaj plaws uas ua rau cov ceg tawv yog thawj qhov cuam tshuam. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov no, muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm kev muab cov ntaub so ntswg nrog cov as-ham, uas ua rau qaug zog, thiab, ntxiv rau, deformation ntawm ko taw. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tsis sib xws ntawm kev thauj khoom, qee qhov chaw ntawm ko taw nce, qhov chaw ntom ntom tshwm, cov ntaub so ntswg ua rau mob, thiab cov kab mob tom qab tsim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no. Daim ntawv ischemic ntawm pathology tuaj yeem ua rau kev txhim kho atherosclerotic lesions ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab cov hlab ntsha. Cov no yog cov teeb meem mob ntshav qab zib. Cov ko taw tig xiav, thiab nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsis tshua muaj, muaj xim liab-liab liab. Kuj tseem muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm cov ntshav ncig, thiab ob txhais ceg txias heev rau qhov kov.

cov teeb meem mob ntshav qab zib
cov teeb meem mob ntshav qab zib

Txoj kev taw qhia tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv thiab kho cov teeb meem ntawm ntshav qab zib mellitus ntawm ob txhais ceg yog kho raws sijhawm thiab ua tau zoo. Kev tawm dag zog ib nrab nrog rau kev noj zaub mov thiab kev kuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua nrog koj tus kws kho mob tseem yuav pab txo koj txoj kev pheej hmoo.

Kev Tiv Thaiv

Raws li ib feem ntawm kev tiv thaiv, thaum muaj kab mob xws li ntshav qab zib mellitus, ib tus yuav tsum tswj tus kheejkev tu cev, khaws cia hauv tsev, khaws khaub ncaws huv si. Kev ua haujlwm nruab nrab ntawm lub cev thiab kev ua kom tawv nqaij yuav pab txo qis qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov teeb meem hauv ntshav qab zib mellitus. Qhov no yuav ua rau kom endurance nrog lub cev tsis kam. Kev kuaj mob ntshav qab zib yuav tsum tau raws sijhawm.

Tsis tas li, yuav tsum tau them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau kev kho hniav. Nrog rau tus kab mob no, kev pheej hmoo ntawm caries thiab o ntawm cov pos hniav nce ntau zaus. Yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho hniav yam tsawg ib zaug txhua rau lub hlis.

Nyob rau ntawm txhua yam ntxiv, kev tswj hwm qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev nres kuj tseem ceeb heev. Nrog ntshav qab zib mellitus, daim tawv nqaij qhuav, ntau cov kab nrib pleb nrog cov kab mob rau ntawm nws. Hauv qhov no, nws raug nquahu kom da dej tsis tu ncua nrog cov roj emollient, thiab tom qab cov txheej txheem, rub cov nplaum rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij.

Cov kws kho mob qhia kom tsis txhob siv cov khoom ntse, cov hniav thiab txiab thaum kho ob txhais ceg, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tawv nqaij, uas yuav ua rau ntshav poob. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem, cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom ua tib zoo saib xyuas tag nrho cov tsos mob uas tshwm sim thaum muaj tus kab mob no. Tsis muaj txhais tau tias lawv yuav tsum tsis quav ntsej. Feem ntau, mus ntsib kws kho mob raws sij hawm thiab kho kom raug yuav pab cawm tau txoj sia.

Kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntshav qab zib tseem ceeb heev.

Kev kho mob

Nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov kab mob, kev kho mob sab nraud lossis tus neeg mob hauv tsev kho mob tau sau tseg. Cov tshuaj tau muab tshuaj rau tus kheej. Qhov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, kho cov carbohydrate metabolism nrog rau kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov piam thaj uas yuav tsum tau ua rau tus qauv lossis ze rau qhov tseem ceeb. Txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev tswj tus kheej muaj xws li ntsuas cov ntshav qab zib tsis tu ncua. Hauv qhov no, cov kws kho mob qhia txhua tus kom kuaj ntshav qab zib ib ntus. Nws tseem yuav tsis yog superfluous mus yuav koj tus kheej glucometer los ntsuas.

Kev mob ntshav qab zib hauv menyuam yaus

Cov kab mob no tsis tshua muaj labile hauv cov menyuam yaus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kab mob txaus ntshai xws li hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis thiab ketoacidotic coma.

Cov teeb meem xws li hyperosmolar lossis lactic acid coma tshwm sim tsawg zaus.

Cov kab mob no hauv menyuam yaus yog qhov pheej hmoo loj rau kev loj hlob mus ntev: mob ntshav qab zib microangiopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, cardiomyopathy, retinopathy, cataract, ntxov atherosclerosis, ischemia, thiab lwm yam.

Pom zoo: