Kev kho thiab noj zaub mov rau ntshav qab zib mellitus - lo lus nug no yog qhov txaus siab rau ntau tus neeg Lavxias txhua xyoo. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov kab mob feem ntau ntawm cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog ua haujlwm. Raws li kev txheeb cais, kwv yees li 285 lab tus tib neeg hauv ntiaj teb niaj hnub no raug mob ntshav qab zib. Yog tias koj ntseeg tias qhov kev poob siab tsis txaus ntseeg, tom qab ntawd hauv kaum xyoo tom ntej thiab ib nrab ntawm daim duab no tuaj yeem loj hlob los ntawm 150 lab tus tib neeg. Ntawm cov thawj coj hauv daim ntawv teev npe no yog lub tebchaws ntawm North America. Russia nyob rau qib plaub nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm tus kab mob. Kwv yees li ntawm 750,000 tus neeg noj cov tshuaj insulin txhua xyoo.
hom kab mob
Kev kho mob raws sij hawm thiab noj zaub mov rau ntshav qab zib tuaj yeem txo tus neeg mob tus mob. Txwv tsis pub, nws yuav tsum ntshai ntawm qhov teeb meem loj heev. Piv txwv li, lub hlwb puas lossis kab mob vascular. Yog li ntawd nws tseem ceeb heevua kom muaj peev xwm kho tau thaum ntxov.
Muaj ntau hom mob, uas txawv ntawm hom teeb meem tshwm sim, qhov ua rau tshwm sim, thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm kev kho tus kab mob nws tus kheej. Cia peb xav txog txhua qhov kev faib tawm cais. Etiological paub qhov txawv ntshav qab zib los ntawm cov laj thawj uas ua rau nws zoo li:
- Hom DM1 feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog qis dua 30 xyoo. Qhov no yog hom ntshav qab zib hom 1, uas tseem hu ua insulin dependent. Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb uas qhia txog nws yog: qab los noj mov ntau dhau, nqhis dej, poob phaus, tso zis ntau ntxiv. Tus kab mob no tshwm sim vim qhov ua tsis tiav hauv cov metabolism hauv carbohydrate vim kev puas tsuaj ntawm beta hlwb nyob hauv cov txiav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tom kawg tsis muab cov tshuaj insulin tsim nyog rau lub cev. Yog tias tsis kho, nws tuaj yeem ua rau coma lossis tuag taus.
- Hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib yog suav tias tsis yog insulin nyob ntawm. Raws li txoj cai, lawv raug kev txom nyem los ntawm genetic predisposition, nrog rau thaum muaj hnub nyoog laus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, insulin yog tsim los ntawm qhov tsis txaus tsuas yog tias ib tus neeg ua lub neej nquag, noj kom zoo, saib xyuas qib qab zib hauv lub cev. Hauv qhov no, cov neeg mob tuaj yeem raug kev kub ntxhov, rog rog, hyperkalemia. Lawv tuaj yeem ua rau lub raum tsis ua haujlwm, kab mob plawv.
- Gestational diabetes tseem hu ua gestational diabetes. Nws raug cais nyob rau hauv ib pab pawg, txij li thaum cev xeeb tub tsis tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi los ntawm tus kab mob - nws yog lub xeev ntawm lub cev. Daim ntawv no thawj zaug tshwm, tab sis tom qab yug me nyuam hauvhla feem ntau. Cov kws tshawb fawb xav txog hom kab mob no. Nws yuav tsum tau ntshai vim nws ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev yug me nyuam hauv tus menyuam mos thiab txawm tias tus menyuam tuag. Dab tsi ntxiv, ntshav qab zib tuaj yeem ua rau ntau xyoo tom qab yug menyuam.
- Qee zaum, nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tus kabmob, yog li cov kws kho mob thoob plaws ntiaj teb thov kom faib cov ntshav qab zib hom tsis paub meej.
Tseem muaj hom mob ntshav qab zib uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev kis kab mob, endocrinopathies, kev puas tsuaj ntawm txiav txiav, caj ces yam. Muaj ntau ntau hom ntshav qab zib raws li hom mob. Hauv qhov no, cov hlab ntsha, paj hlwb, qhov muag pom kev tuaj yeem cuam tshuam, nrog rau cov mob ntshav qab zib ko taw tuaj yeem txhim kho.
Thaum faib cov ntshav qab zib raws li kev kho mob hnyav, lawv paub qhov txawv:
- Ib hom mob ntshav qab zib hom 2 uas yuav tsum tau kho thaum ntxov ntawm tus kab mob. Tib lub sijhawm, tus neeg mob hnov cov leeg tsis muaj zog, qhov ncauj qhuav, thiab khaws nws lub peev xwm ua haujlwm. Tsis tas yuav tsum muaj cov tshuaj insulin nyob rau theem no.
- Mob ntshav qab zib nruab nrab yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov kab mob metabolic hnyav. Tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau noj cov tshuaj uas txo cov ntshav qab zib, lossis insulin. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws raug tso cai yuav luag txhua yam khoom noj uas ua tau raws li nws xav tau.
- Daim ntawv hnyav yuav tsum tau noj cov tshuaj insulin txhua hnub, vim tias muaj cov carbohydrates tsis txaus hauv lub cev: lawv tag nrho raug tso tawm hauv cov zis. Nrog ceev faj thiab kho kom raug, tus kab mob hnyav tuaj yeem muab txhais ua qhov hnyav me ntsis.
Ntawm txoj hauv kev
Hauv tebchaws Russia, cov neeg mob feem ntau raug mob ntshav qab zib hom 2. Cov neeg coob coob nyob hauv lub xeev ua ntej ntshav qab zib mellitus, thaum tus kab mob tseem tsis tuaj yeem kuaj pom, tab sis lawv cov suab thaj nce ntxiv. Tam sim no, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los daws tus kab mob no.
Ib qho kev noj haus zoo tshaj plaws yog suav tias yog. Hauv kev kho mob ntshav qab zib, ib tus neeg tsis kam haus cawv, siv cov khoom qab zib. Muaj ntau yam khoom noj uas siv rau ib daim ntawv lossis lwm yam kab mob. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tsis yog txiav txim siab ntawm koj tus kheej uas yuav ua raws, tab sis nco ntsoov nrog tus kws kho mob.
Cov tshuaj txo qis ntshav qab zib kuj hu ua tshuaj tiv thaiv ntshav qab zib. Cov tshuaj no pab kom cov ntshav qab zib nyob rau hauv ib theem. Lawv tsim nyog rau cov neeg mob uas tsim cov tshuaj insulin ntawm lawv tus kheej, tab sis nws tsis txaus. Cov tshuaj no raug pom zoo kom noj nrog rau kev ua lub cev thiab kev noj haus.
Kev kho mob uas nrov tshaj plaws rau ntshav qab zib yog insulin. Nws feem ntau yog muab tshuaj nrog rau cov tshuaj hypoglycemic. Txoj kev kho mob ntshav qab zib mellitus no yog siv rau ketosis, poob phaus, ua ntej kev phais, nrog rau cov teeb meem hauv cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib hom 2. Insulin yog contraindicated thaum lactation, cev xeeb tub, nyob rau hauv lub coma, thiab nyob rau hauv cov kab mob hemorrhagic.
Ib lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev kho mob ntshav qab zib yog tus neeg mob yuav tsum tsis tu ncuantsuas ntshav qab zib. Rau qhov no, cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav yog ntsuas. Kev tswj hwm tau ua ntau zaus thaum nruab hnub. Qhov no yuav pab xaiv txoj kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws. Qhov kev txwv ntau ntawm cov piam thaj rau txhua tus neeg mob yog teem los ntawm tus kws kho mob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nyob rau hauv feem ntau, lawv yog coj los ntawm nruab nrab cov nuj nqis. Hauv lub plab khoob, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 6 mmol ib liter, thiab tom qab qee lub sijhawm tom qab noj mov, qhov ntsuas yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 8.
Kev kho mob tshwj xeeb ntawm ntau hom ntshav qab zib
Qhov kev ua txhaum cai feem ntau yog thawj thiab thib ob. Hauv kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob no muaj nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb. Nrog thawj hom mob, tus neeg mob xav tau kev kho tshuaj insulin thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav tsum ntsuas cov piam thaj hauv lub cev, koom nrog kev kawm lub cev, raug soj ntsuam los ntawm tus kws endocrinologist. Kev tshem tawm tag nrho cov ntshav qab zib hauv qhov no tsuas yog ua tau nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov txiav, nrog rau cov hlwb insular. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev kim heev thiab mob heev. Ntxiv mus, tom qab hloov pauv, koj yuav tsum tau noj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tas li.
Hom 1 diabetics yuav tsum ua raws li kev noj zaub mov nruj. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog muab cov rog uas nyuaj rau zom. 30% ntawm cov khoom noj txhua hnub yuav tsum yog cov rog, cov protein - tsawg kawg yog 20% ntawm cov qauv niaj hnub. Tus so ntawm cov khoom uas tau txais los ntawm lub cev yuav tsum tau nyob ntawm carbohydrates. Nco ntsoov txwv tsis pub haus cawv. Kev noj calorie txhua hnub yuav raug tswj xyuas nruj.
Muaj ntau hom kev tswj hwm hauv kev coj ua thoob ntiaj tebntshav qab zib hom II. Cov neeg mob raug qhia kom tawm dag zog, noj zaub mov tsis muaj carbohydrate, txhaj tshuaj hormonal thiab qee yam tshuaj, nrog rau kev noj zaub mov kom zoo los tswj lawv cov suab thaj thiab ua kom lawv ruaj khov. Los ntawm txoj kev, kev kawm lub cev ua rau kev tshem tawm cov carbohydrates ntau dhau ntawm lub cev.
Kev noj zaub mov txhua hnub yuav tsum suav nrog ntau cov vitamins thiab minerals, txo cov ntsev kom tsawg. Hiking, ua luam dej, caij tsheb kauj vab yog txais tos.
Khoom noj khoom haus
Kev noj zaub mov ua lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv cov qauv kev tswj ntshav qab zib. Cov kws tshaj lij feem ntau muaj kev xav tias qhov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws yog ua tiav nrog cov khoom noj khoom haus fractional, uas yog, tsib mus rau rau ib hnub. Txhua hnub - peb pluas noj tseem ceeb ntawm ob mus rau peb pluas noj. Nws kuj pom zoo tias tus neeg mob ua ob lossis peb qho khoom noj txom ncauj los ntawm ib lub tais. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum noj tib lub sijhawm txhua hnub, txhim kho tus cwj pwm ntawm tsoomfwv.
Txhua pluas mov, lub cev yuav tsum tau txais qee qhov calories. Lawv qhov kev faib tawm txhua hnub yog raws li hauv qab no:
- noj tshais - 25%;
- noj tshais thib ob - 10-15%;
- noj su - 25-30%;
- khoom noj txom ncauj - 5-10%;
- noj hmo - 20-25%;
- 2 noj hmo - 5-10%.
Tseem muaj ob peb txoj cai ntxiv ntawm kev noj zaub mov thiab kev kho mob ntshav qab zib uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo:
- Cov zaub mov kawg yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg peb teev ua ntej yuav mus pw.
- Thaum noj mov, tais nrogfiber ntau yuav tsum noj ua ntej.
- Yog tias muaj cov khoom qab zib hauv tus neeg mob noj, lawv yuav tsum tau noj nrog zaub mov tseem ceeb.
- Nws txwv tsis pub noj tom qab kev ntxhov siab lossis kev tawm dag zog lub cev.
- Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau noj kom tsawg. Gluttony yuav tsum zam, tawm hauv lub rooj nrog me ntsis kev tshaib kev nqhis.
Nrog ntshav qab zib, muaj qee yam kev cai hauv kev ua noj uas yuav tsum tau ua. Piv txwv li, kev kho cua sov ntev ntawm cov khoom tsis pom zoo. Cov zaub mov zoo tshaj yog steamed los yog boiled. Nco ntsoov tias kev kho cua sov ua rau nce glycemic Performance index. Tsis zoo rau tus mob ntshav qab zib. Nws tsis pom zoo kom noj cov khoom sib sib zog nqus kib, ci cov tais diav, nrog rau cov khoom ua tiav, cov khoom noj ceev. Nws yog txwv tsis pub ntxiv ketchup, mayonnaise, ntses rau zaub mov.
Cov khoom uas muaj cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab siab yuav tsum tsis txhob raug crushed los yog boiled kom cov khoom tsis absorbed. Yog li ntawd, xyuas kom meej tias cereals tsis zom, thiab boil qos yaj ywm nyob rau hauv lawv cov tawv nqaij. Nws raug nquahu kom ua zaub mov tsis kub dhau thiab tsis txias dhau. Qhov kub zoo tshaj plaws yog los ntawm 15 txog 70 degrees.
khoom lag luam
Glycemic Performance index yog lub peev xwm ntawm qee yam khoom noj kom nce qabzib. Qhov ntsuas no yuav tsum sib npaug rau cov ntsiab lus calorie thiab cov ntsiab lus carbohydrate. Nws yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum kos cov khoom noj sib txawv.
Nco ntsoov tias siab duaKev ntsuas glycemic Performance index ntawm cov khoom hauv cov lus rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, qhov nrawm dua peb yuav tsum cia siab tias yuav nce qib ntawm cov piam thaj. Nrog rau qhov sib npaug ntawm cov carbohydrates, qhov ntsuas siab dua yuav tsum tau ua hauv cov khoom uas muaj cov zaub fiber ntau tsawg thiab cov carbohydrates yooj yim dua.
Low yog suav tias yog glycemic Performance index tsawg dua 40, nruab nrab - los ntawm 40 txog 70, siab - ntau dua 70. Nws tus nqi yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov neeg mob uas muaj ntshav qab zib hom 2, nrog rau cov neeg mob insulin-dependant. Ib lub rooj ntawm cov khoom uas muaj qhov ntsuas glycemic pab cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib taug kev.
| khoom | Glycemic Performance index Y |
| 5 | |
| 9 | |
| Avocado | 10 |
| Y Soybeans, spinach, rhubarb, tofu, peanuts, pickles, pickles, leeks, txiv ntseej, dos, pesto, zucchini, qhiav, nceb, asparagus, ntoo thuv, walnuts, pistachios, hazelnuts, chili peppers, tshiab cucumbers Brussels thiab cauliflower, celery, bran, broccoli, cashews, almonds | 15 |
| YEggplant, soy yogurt, txiv laum huab xeeb, artichoke | 20 |
| Pumpkin noob, gooseberries, soy flour, strawberries, mung taum, strawberries, tshiab raspberries, liab currants, ntsuab lentils, cherries | 25 |
| Passion fruit, tshiab tangerines, milk, dark chocolate, yellow lentils, lingonberries, blueberries, blueberries, fat-free cottage cheese, txiv lws suav, pears, jam,beets, qej, carrots, taum ntsuab, txiv kab ntxwv, apricots, xim av lentils, kua mis nyuj | 30 |
| Yeast | 31 |
| txiv lws suav | 33 |
| Peach, compote, nectarine, pomegranate, taum | 34 |
| tsis muaj roj tsis muaj roj yogurt, fructose ice cream, plum, quince, sesame, txiv kab ntxwv, suav noodles, ntsuab peas, kua, chickpeas, dub mov | 35 |
Cov zaub mov nrog qhov nruab nrab glycemic Performance index kuj tau txais, tab sis tsawg dua.
| khoom | Glycemic Performance index Y |
| apricots, prunes, nplej zom, zaub ntug dej ntshiab, buckwheat, qhuav figs | 40 |
| tag nrho grain tshais | 43 |
| 45 | |
| Cranberries | 47 |
| Y kua txiv apple, persimmon, brown mov, lychee, txiv nkhaus taw, kua txiv pineapple, kua txiv cranberry, kiwi, basmati | 50 |
| Cov kaus poom txiv duaj, shortbread, sushi, bulgur, mustard, spaghetti, kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, ketchup | 55 |
| Arabian pita, qab zib pob kws | 57 |
| Papaya | 59 |
| YOatmeal, cocoa hmoov, mayonnaise, melon, ntev nplej nplej, lasagna, qab zib ice cream, txiv tsawb, txiv ntseej | 60 |
| Pizza ntawm nyias crust nrog cheese thiab txiv lws suav | 61 |
| Flatcakes | 62 |
| Majaroni thiab Cheese | 64 |
| Pob nplej thiab rye qhob cij, kaus poom zaub, sorbet, qos yaj ywm qab zib, boiled qos yaj ywm, maple phoov, raisins, qab zib muesli, jam, marmalade | 65 |
| Nplej hmoov | 69 |
Khoom noj uas muaj qhov ntsuas glycemic siab tsis pom zoo rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib, thiab txwv tsis pub rau qee tus neeg mob.
| khoom | Glycemic Performance index Y |
| YCouscous, semolina, xim av thiab dawb qab zib, risotto, barley, chips, croissant, noodles, dej qab zib, chocolate bars | 70 |
| Muaj | 71 |
| porridge, Fabkis baguette, taub dag, taub dag | 75 |
| Donuts | 76 |
| YCracker | 80 |
| qos yaj ywm mashed | 83 |
| paj kws, nplej paj npleg, hamburger buns, stewed los yog boiled carrots | 85 |
| White Rice | 90 |
| Cov kaus poom apricots | 91 |
| Nqaij npuas | 92 |
| -kib thiab ci qos yaj ywm, qos casederole, buns | 95 |
| Rotabaga | 99 |
| Modified starch, toast, glucose | 100 |
| Hnub | 103 |
| 110 |
Kev noj haus rau ntshav qab zib hom 1
Pab kom nkag siab cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov muaj txiaj ntsig thiab tsim kev puas tsuajCov tshuaj nyob rau hauv tej yam khoom yuav pab tau koj nyob rau hauv khw muag khoom rau cov ntshav qab zib. Cov zaub mov lawv tus kheej txawv nyob ntawm seb hom kab mob twg tus neeg mob muaj.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev noj zaub mov rau hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib yog qhov kev noj zaub mov yuav tsum tsis txhob txwv nruj. Qhov no yog xav tias yuav ua rau cov piam thaj tsis haum lossis hypoglycemic coma.
Hauv qhov no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau tus neeg mob yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account cov carbohydrates noj. Cov zaub mov noj rau hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib yuav tsum suav nrog ntau yam zaub. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los txo qis kev noj cov zaub mov ua tiav, cov khoom noj ceev, cov kua dej uas muaj suab thaj ntau, kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog carbohydrates: yog tias lawv tsis tshua muaj, cov suab thaj tuaj yeem raug txo kom tsawg.
Table 9
Tab sis yam khoom noj twg xav tau rau hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib, tsis muaj kev pom zoo. Muaj ntau lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev noj haus uas txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Nyob rau hauv Soviet kev xyaum, ib tug mus kom ze yog siv, tus sau uas yog tus gastroenterologist Pevzner. Nws tau sau ntau yam khoom noj rau kev kho mob ntawm ntau yam kab mob, ib qho yog ua txhaum ntawm cov metabolism hauv carbohydrates.
Txoj kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntshav qab zib yog tus naj npawb cuaj ntawm daim ntawv teev npe, yog li nws tau paub tias yog tus lej 9. Kev noj haus ntshav qab zib hom 1 hauv qhov no yog rau cov neeg mob uas muaj cov kab mob hnyav tshaj plaws.
Cov zaub mov tseem ceeb yog cov zaub mov muaj roj tsawg thiab zaub. Tus nqi ntawm carbohydrates nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 300 g rauhnub, cov proteins yuav tsum sib haum rau lub cev nqaij daim tawv (80 g ib hnub twg), zaub thiab tsiaj raug faib kwv yees li ib nrab. Qhov zoo ntawm cov rog yog 90 g. Thaum nruab hnub, koj yuav tsum haus tsawg kawg ib thiab ib nrab litres kua.
Sample menu
Koj noj dab tsi ntawm kev noj zaub mov nrog ntshav qab zib? Cov calorie ntau ntau txhua hnub ntawm cov lus 9 rau cov neeg mob hnyav yog 2,500 kcal.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, kev noj cov nplej zom thiab cov khoom siv pasta, qhob cij, beets, carrots thiab qos yaj ywm raug txo kom tsawg. Qhov kev txwv no suav nrog jam, marmalade, qab zib ua kom zoo, ice cream, confectionery, txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo qab zib.
Yog tias tus neeg mob hnyav dhau lawm, kev noj calorie txhua hnub yuav tsum raug txo kom tsawg li 1,500-1,700 kcal. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm carbohydrates ib hnub yog 120 g. Cov hnyuv ntxwm, lard, hnyuv ntxwm, zaub thiab butter, kis, margarine, mayonnaise, qaub cream, tsev cheese, qab zib, rog cheese, noob, txiv ntseej, nqaij rog yog cais tawm ntawm kev noj haus.
US Diabetes Association Guidelines
Thaum noj zaub mov rau ntshav qab zib, cov zaub mov uas tau tso cai thiab txwv tsis pub rau cov neeg mob yog tib yam hauv cov lus pom zoo feem ntau. Piv txwv li, American Diabetes Association txwv tsis pub noj cov carbohydrates ceev thiab tseem txo qis tag nrho cov carbohydrates hauv cov zaub mov.
Kev noj zaub mov zoo rau ntshav qab zib yog txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias qab zib tsis nce:
- Noj tshais: oatmeal lossis buckwheat porridge, tsev cheese, scrambled qe.
- Noj su: ua ntej - pureed zaub sura, zaub qhwv zaub tsis muaj nqaij; rau qhov thib ob -nqaij nyug goulash, ntses ncuav, boiled nqaij; garnish - zaub zaub xam lav, stew, stewed cabbage.
- Khoom noj txom ncauj: qe boiled, zaub casserole, kefir.
- Noj hmo: chav kawm thib ob thiab sab zaub mov, uas tso cai rau noj su.
Nyob hauv lub khw muag ntshav qab zib koj tuaj yeem pom txhua yam koj xav tau. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev, cov lus pom zoo no zoo ib yam li cov cai ntawm cov lus 9, tab sis tib lub sijhawm tsis muaj kev txwv nruj rau cov rog. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb yog kev tswj hwm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov rog ntawm cov chav sib txawv.
