Sab hauv ntawm lub qhov muag yog npog nrog cov ntaub tshwj xeeb. Nws hu ua retina. Cov ntaub so ntswg no xa thiab tau txais kev pom kev pom. Lub macula yog ib feem ntawm retina. Nws yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub hauv paus tsis pom kev. Nrog rau cov tsos mob ntawm qee yam ophthalmic pathologies, lub zeem muag yuav ua rau tsis pom kev mus txog nws qhov kev poob qis. Ib yam kab mob no yog macular degeneration ntawm lub qhov muag. Tom ntej no, xav txog qhov no pathology yog dab tsi, nws tshwm sim nws tus kheej li cas thiab vim li cas nws thiaj txaus ntshai.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
senile macular degeneration - yog dab tsi? Nyob rau hauv dav dav, pathology yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug deterioration nyob rau hauv cov mob ntawm lub hlwb uas ua rau thaj tsam no. Macular degeneration (ob lub qhov muag lossis ib qho), raws li txoj cai, tshwm hauv cov neeg laus. Nws yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus uas pathology raug kuaj pom hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas. Hauv qhov no, tus kab mob feem ntau hu ua senile degeneration.xim daj. Xav txog tus kab mob kom ntxaws ntxiv.
Kev faib tawm
Macular degeneration tuaj yeem yog ob hom:
- Ntxhais hluas (ntub). Hauv qhov no, qhov degeneration yog provoked los ntawm cov hlab ntsha loj hlob ntawm retina. Feem ntau lawv xau dej thiab ntshav. Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem ua rau tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj hauv thaj chaw macular. Daim ntawv neovascular tau kuaj pom tsuas yog 10% ntawm cov neeg mob uas muaj tus kab mob no. Txawm li cas los xij, hom kab mob no suav nrog cov neeg coob coob ntawm qhov tsis pom kev ua tiav.
- Atrophic (qhuav). Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov kws txawj qhia qhov maj mam tuag ntawm cov hlwb nrog photosensitivity raws li qhov ua rau. Nws kuj ua rau tsis pom kev. Daim ntawv atrophic ntawm macular degeneration account rau feem ntau ntawm cov neeg mob tag nrho (kwv yees 90%).
Yog vim li cas
Vim li cas macular degeneration tshwm sim? Cov kws tshaj lij tseem tsis tau tsim qhov tseeb ua rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov kab mob no. Muaj ob peb yam sib txawv versions. Qee tus ntawm lawv tau lees paub los ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev soj ntsuam, qee qhov tseem nyob rau theem ntawm kev xav. Yog li, ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kws txawj sib cav hais tias nrog ib tug tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm tej yam minerals thiab vitamins, ib tug neeg yuav ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob. Piv txwv li, ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias qhov yuav ua rau macular degeneration yuav tshwm sim ntau zaus thaum tsis muaj cov vitamins E thiab C, antioxidants. lojqhov tsis muaj zinc yog ib qho tseem ceeb (nws muaj nyob rau hauv lub cev, tab sis concentrated nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub zes qe menyuam), nrog rau zeaxanthin thiab lutein carotenoids. Cov tom kawg yog cov pigments ntawm macula nws tus kheej.
Raws li ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj, cov kws tshaj lij hu rau tib neeg cytomegalovirus. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb tau sib cav tias kev txhim kho ntawm cov kab mob pathology tau yooj yim heev los ntawm kev noj zaub mov uas qib ntawm cov roj saturated siab heev. Hauv qhov no, monounsaturated compounds suav hais tias muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv. Raws li qee qhov kev soj ntsuam, nws tau raug tsim los kom txo qis qhov tshwm sim ntawm pathology los ntawm kev noj ω-3 fatty acids. Ntau tshaj kaum qhov kev tshawb fawb tau pom muaj kev sib koom ua ke tseem ceeb ntawm macular degeneration thiab haus luam yeeb. Hauv qhov no, qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm pathology nce 2-3 zaug hauv cov neeg tsim txom nicotine (piv rau cov neeg uas tsis tau haus luam yeeb). Txawm li cas los xij, tsib txoj kev tshawb fawb pom tsis muaj qhov txuas.
Risk factors
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm pathology nce hauv qee yam mob. Cov feem ntau txaus ntshai yam muaj xws li:
- hnub;
- nrog cov txheeb ze uas raug kev txom nyem los yog muaj kab mob;
- yog haiv neeg dawb;
- smoking;
- yog poj niam txiv neej;
- cuam tshuam hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlab plawv (piv txwv li, suav nrog kev nce siab ntawm cov roj cholesterol, ntshav siab.ntshav).
Macular Degeneration: Cov tsos mob
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm pathology hauv txhua tus neeg mob txawv. Piv txwv li, hauv qee cov neeg mob, macular degeneration tuaj yeem tsim qeeb heev. Hauv lwm tus neeg mob, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, cov txheej txheem ntawm tus kab mob yog nrawm, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj hauv kev pom. Kev mob tsis tuaj yeem nrog rau daim ntawv ntub lossis qhuav ntawm pathology. Ntawm cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm macular degeneration yog:
- qhov muag tsis pom kev;
- distortion ntawm cov kab ncaj (piv txwv li, contours ntawm lub qhov rooj yuav tshwm nkhaus);
- nyuaj hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txiav txim siab cov ntsiab lus (thaum nyeem ntawv, piv txwv);
- muaj qhov me me me me dub nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm qhov kev pom, nce loj zuj zus mus.
ntsuas ntsuas
Kev tsis txaus siab ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm degeneration tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb thaum kuaj tus neeg mob laus yws yws ntawm qhov tsis pom kev. Txhawm rau nthuav dav cov menyuam kawm ntawv, cov tee tshwj xeeb yog siv. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev tswj hwm no, lub nraub qaum ntawm lub qhov muag yuav muaj rau kev tshuaj xyuas. Hauv cov txheej txheem kuaj mob, Amsler xeem kuj tseem siv - ib daim ntawv nrog kab sib chaws thiab ib qho xim dub hauv nruab nrab. Yog hais tias cov kab ntawm tes zoo nkaus li nkhaus (distorted) thaum saib ntawm qhov chaw cim, qhov no yuav qhia tau hais tias pathology.
Kev Kho Mob Macular Degeneration
Raws li kev xyaum qhia, feem ntau, tsis muaj kev kho mob. Qee cov neeg mob, txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau daim ntawv qhuav ntawm pathologyib qho kev siv qis, lossis qhov pib, cov nyhuv laser raug sau tseg. Nws cov ntsiab lus yog tshem tawm druses (tshwj xeeb yellowish deposits) nrog rau cov koob tshuaj ntawm cov hluav taws xob tsawg. Txog thaum tsis ntev los no, nrog rau daim ntawv ntub dej ntawm cov kab mob pathology, txoj kev kho photodynamic tau siv los ntawm tus neeg sawv cev Vizudin. Cov tshuaj yog muab rau tus neeg mob intravenously. Los ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub cev, cov tshuaj tau xaiv absorbed tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv cheeb tsam tshiab. Yog li, Vizudin tau xyaum tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov xim retinal epithelium. Ua ke nrog kev siv cov tshuaj, kev sib kho ntawm laser yog ua. Cov txheej txheem yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub computer tswj. Kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg yog coj mus rau thaj tsam ntawm neovascular membrane (ib qho khoom siv fiber ntau yog siv rau qhov no). Pathologically txaus ntshai cov hlab ntsha ua npliag thiab pib ua ke. Yog li ntawd, hemorrhages nres. Raws li kev xyaum qhia, cov nyhuv kho tau kav ntev li 1-1.5 xyoo.
Ntawm therapeutic method
Nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm kev tshawb fawb, cov tshuaj "Ranibizumab" tau tsim. Cov cuab yeej yog npaj rau kev taw qhia rau hauv lub qhov muag kab noj hniav. Cov tshuaj no inhibits kev ua si thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlab ntsha tshiab tsim thiab neovascular subretinal daim nyias nyias. Yog li ntawd, lub zeem muag tsis yog tsuas yog ruaj khov, tab sis nyob rau qee qhov kev txhim kho tseem ceeb. Raws li txoj cai, tsib txhaj tshuaj ib xyoos yog txaus. Cov chav kawm kho mob kav ntev li ob xyoos. Cov neeg mob feem ntau muaj kev txhim kho tom qab thawj zaug txhaj tshuaj.pom kev. Kev siv tshuaj "Ranibizumab" raug tso cai rau ob qho tib si hauv qhuav thiab ntub daim ntawv ntawm pathology. Lwm cov kev qhia muaj xws li ntshav qab zib retinopathy. Cov cuab yeej siv tau ua ke nrog kev kho photodynamic.
ntsuas kev tiv thaiv
Ib tug neeg tsis tuaj yeem txwv txoj kev laus thiab rov qab lub hnub nyoog. Tab sis nws yog qhov ua tau kom tshem tawm ntau yam kev pheej hmoo. Piv txwv li, tsis txhob haus luam yeeb. Ib puag ncig yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov kws tshaj lij tsis pom zoo kom tawm mus sab nraud thaum nruab nrab hnub kub. Yog tias tsim nyog, lub qhov muag yuav tsum raug tiv thaiv los ntawm kev raug ultraviolet hluav taws xob ncaj qha. Qhov tseem ceeb sib npaug yog hom khoom noj khoom haus. Thaum noj cov zaub mov uas muaj cov roj cholesterol thiab cov roj saturated, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm qhov chaw degeneration nce ntau. Txawm li cas los xij, noj ntses thiab txiv ntseej txo qhov kev pheej hmoo. Raws li kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, kale thiab spinach raug pom zoo.
