Mob ntshav qab zib yog ib yam kab mob loj uas muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau txhua lub cev thiab lub cev ntawm tus neeg mob. Nws xav kom tus neeg mob ua tib zoo saib xyuas lawv txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Tab sis txawm tias nrog kev kho mob kom raug ntawm pathology thiab kev siv tag nrho cov lus pom zoo ntawm tus kws kho mob, ntau yam teeb meem maj mam tsim. Mob ntshav qab zib yog ib hom kab mob ntev, yog li tom qab kuaj mob, koj yuav tsum tau hloov ntau yam hauv koj txoj kev ua neej. Hauv qee cov neeg mob, thawj xyoo ntawm tus kab mob, vim qhov tsis raug them nyiaj ntawm cov piam thaj, ntau yam teeb meem ntawm ntshav qab zib tuaj yeem tshwm sim, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tus neeg mob. Qhov kawg tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsis taus lossis mob hnyav heev.
Vim li cas kev nyuaj siab
Mob ntshav qab zib mellitus yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov ntshav qab zib kom siab. Qhov no pathology muaj ob hom. Hauv hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, lub cev tsis tsim cov tshuaj insulin, uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev nqus cov piam thaj los ntawm cov hlwb, yog li nws nyob hauv cov ntshav, thiab tsis nyob hauv cov ntaub so ntswg.tuaj txog. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim li no, lub hlwb raug kev txom nyem, uas cov piam thaj yog lub zog. Hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qib ib txwm ntawm cov tshuaj insulin, tab sis cov piam thaj tsis nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, vim tias cov cell tiv thaiv tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, cov ntshav qab zib kuj nce siab. Thiab qhov mob no tom qab ib ntus ua rau cov hlab ntsha puas tsuaj.
Lwm qhov ua rau mob ntshav qab zib muaj teeb meem yog oxidative stress. Feem ntau hauv lub cev muaj qee yam ntawm cov dawb radicals uas xav tau los oxidize cov khoom lwj. Tom qab ua lawv txoj haujlwm, lawv raug rhuav tshem los ntawm antioxidants. Tab sis nrog cov ntshav qabzib nce siab, ntau cov dawb radicals raug tsim, thiab cov tshuaj antioxidants txo qis. Yog li ntawd, cov hlwb noj qab haus huv tau nquag oxidized, uas ua rau lawv tuag, kev laus ntxov ntxov ntawm lub cev lossis kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam kab mob.
Dab tsi yog qhov teeb meem
Txhua yam teebmeem ntawm tus kabmob no tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: lub sijhawm luv thiab ntev (lossis ntev). Ntxiv rau lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm cov ntshav qab zib tau yooj yim dua rau kev paub, raws li lawv tau tshwm sim los ntawm cov tsos mob tshwm sim. Thiab lawv tuaj yeem txhim kho hauv ib teev. Qhov ua rau muaj qhov teeb meem zoo li no yog siab dhau lossis qis qis dhau. Feem ntau, ib qho mob uas ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tus neeg mob - mob ntshav qab zib coma. Cov teeb meem luv luv suav nrog:
- hypoglycemia - ntshav qab zib qis;
- hyperglycemia - nce qab zib;
- Ymob ntshav qab zib ketoacidosis - ketone lub cev lom.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg mob feem ntau muaj teeb meem mus sij hawm ntev lossis lig dhau ob peb xyoos. Cov no yog cov kab mob ntev ntev. Feem ntau lawv cuam tshuam nrog kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha, retina, cov hlab ntsha peripheral, ko taw thiab ob lub raum. Yog tias cov teeb meem ntawm ntshav qab zib tsis kho raws sijhawm, qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim loj, xws li mob plawv, mob stroke, dig muag, lub raum tsis ua haujlwm lossis txiav ceg ceg.
YHypoglycemia
Qhov no yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ntxov xyoo tom qab kuaj pom. Tom qab tag nrho, nrog rau daim ntawv ntawm tus kab mob no, theem ntawm cov piam thaj nyob ntawm qhov koob tshuaj insulin, kev noj haus thiab kev ua ub ua no ntawm lub cev. Feem ntau nws yuav tsum tau xaiv cov koob tshuaj ib tus zuj zus, txhua zaus sib txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj txhaj tshuaj insulin ntau dhau lossis hla cov zaub mov tom qab txhaj tshuaj, koj cov ntshav qab zib tuaj yeem poob qis heev. Hypoglycemia tshwm sim thaum nws qis dua 4 mmol / l. Yog tias qib no poob qis dua 2.2 mmol / l, hypoglycemic coma tshwm sim.
Tus mob no ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau lub neej, yog li nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom kuaj pom cov tsos mob ntawm hypoglycemia hauv lub sijhawm:
- mob taub hau;
- kiv taub hau;
- tawm hws ntau dhau;
- tsis muaj zog;
- tshee tshee;
- nausea;
- kev tshaib plab;
- kev nyuaj siab;
- tsis muaj zog concentration;
- ob vision.
Y Hyperglycemia
ThaumCov piam thaj hauv ntshav siab dhau lawm, lawv tham txog kev txhim kho hyperglycemia. Cov tsos mob no tshwm sim thaum qab zib nce siab tshaj 7 mmol / l ntawm lub plab khoob lossis 11 mmol / l tom qab noj mov. Nws yog qhov tshwm sim ntau zaus ntawm hyperglycemia uas ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha, paj hlwb thiab lwm yam ntaub so ntswg. Qhov teeb meem ntawm hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus (thiab hom 2 ib yam nkaus) tuaj yeem txhim kho rau ntau yam. Feem ntau, qhov no yog kev qhia txog qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov tshuaj insulin lossis hla kev noj cov tshuaj hypoglycemic. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv cov tshuaj no qhia txog qhov xav tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev, nws qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj suab thaj ntau ntxiv. Kev haus dej haus cawv los yog cov khoom noj carbohydrate siab tuaj yeem ua rau hyperglycemia.
Tus mob no txaus ntshai rau kev noj qab haus huv: qhov siab dua cov suab thaj ntev dua, qhov yuav ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim loj rau tus neeg mob noj qab haus huv. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom pom thawj cov tsos mob ntawm hyperglycemia hauv lub sijhawm thiab noj tshuaj kom txo cov suab thaj. Qhov txaus ntshai yog tias ntau yam ntawm nws cov tsos mob zoo ib yam li hypoglycemia (mob taub hau, qhov muag tsis pom kev, tsis muaj zog, tsis nco qab). Tab sis thaum cov suab thaj nce, tus neeg mob xav nqhis dej heev, nws tso zis ntau zaus.
YDiabetic ketoacidosis
Ntau tus neeg mob uas tau kuaj pom qhov no thawj zaug nug tus kws kho mob seb qhov mob ntshav qab zib puas txaus ntshai tshaj plaws. Ntxiv nrog rau coma, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho yog tias hypoglycemia lossis hyperglycemia tsis kho, qhov no yog ntshav qab zib ketoacidosis. Tus mob no kuj ua rau tuag taus. Nws txhim kho nrog lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev nce qibqabzib. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau lub zog, lub cev pib siv cov rog. Vim li no, ntau lub cev ketone tsim nyob rau hauv cov ntshav. Mob ntshav qab zib ketoacidosis tshwm sim hauv ob peb teev xwb, yog li nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau muab kev pab tsim nyog rau tus neeg mob raws sijhawm. Koj yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau cov tsos mob hauv qab no:
- mob plab;
- ntua;
- ua tsis taus pa;
- tachycardia;
- dej;
- tsw ntawm acetone ua pa;
- kev nyuaj siab.
Yog tsis muaj kev kho mob raws sijhawm, tus neeg mob yuav qaug zog lossis txawm poob rau hauv lub coma. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum paub txog qhov xwm txheej no nyob rau lub sijhawm thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj kev vam meej.
Mob ntshav qab zib kawg
Cov txiaj ntsig zoo li no txaus ntshai vim tias thaum pib lawv yuav luag tsis tshwm sim lawv tus kheej. Lawv txhim kho tsuas yog 5-10 xyoo tom qab kuaj pom, yog li lawv feem ntau hu ua ncua sijhawm. Tsis zoo li cov teeb meem luv luv, lawv tsis ua rau muaj kev tsis xis nyob tam sim ntawd. Lawv tsim tau ntev heev vim cov ntshav qab zib nce ntxiv. Feem ntau, lawv sawv cev rau ntau yam mob ntev pathologies. Cov teeb meem ntawm ntshav qab zib muaj xws li:
- myocardial infarction;
- stroke;
- mob plawv ischemic;
- taw kev txiav tawm;
- pom kev poob;
- raum tsis ua haujlwm;
- kab mob sib kis ntawm urinary system;
- kev tiv thaiv tsis zoo;
- txo qis hauv kev sib deevattraction.
Vascular puas
Ib qho teeb meem uas tshwm sim ntawm hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib yog vascular puas tsuaj. Vim tias tsis muaj piam thaj hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, lub cev sim ua kom lub zog xav tau ntawm cov hlwb ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov rog. Yog li ntawd, rog metabolism kuj cuam tshuam. Qhov no ua rau cov roj cholesterol tso rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha - atherosclerosis tsim. Qhov no kuj ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm thrombosis. Tag nrho cov no ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob coronary thiab lwm yam pathologies ntawm lub plawv.
Cov teeb meem no tshwm sim los ntawm qhov mob hauv siab, mob plawv arrhythmias, hnov mob hnyav thiab squeezing nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm lub plawv thaum muaj kev ntxhov siab. Qee zaum ua tsis taus pa luv, xav tias ntshai, tawm hws ntau ntxiv, tsis muaj zog. Kev mob ntshav qab zib ntau zaus kuj yog qhov nce ntshav siab. Yog tias tus mob no txuas ntxiv mus ntev, nws tuaj yeem ua rau mob stroke.
qhov muag raug mob
Vim kev swb ntawm cov hlab ntsha me, qhov muag raug kev txom nyem heev. Lub permeability ntawm phab ntsa capillary nce, vim li ntawd, cov ntaub so ntswg tau txais cov as-ham tsawg thiab oxygen. Vim li no, lwm qhov teeb meem ntawm ntshav qab zib tshwm sim - ntshav qab zib retinopathy. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub retina, ua rau txo qis hauv kev pom lossis nws qhov kev poob tag. Ntxiv mus, qhov no pathology tuaj yeem txhim kho nyob rau hauv thawj theem asymptomatically.
Ntxiv rau qhov txo qis qhov pom, cataracts, glaucoma, thiab nquag conjunctivitis tuaj yeem tsim. Cov neeg mob uas hnyav tshaj yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws cov teeb meem, nrogLub sijhawm ntev ntawm tus kab mob, nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm anemia lossis raum pathologies. Yog li ntawd, thaum pom qhov muag tsis pom kev, pos huab ua ntej lub qhov muag, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tshuaj xyuas qhov muag kom pib kho cov teeb meem ntawm cov ntshav qab zib hauv lub qhov muag nyob rau lub sijhawm.
raum tsis ua haujlwm
Vim yog vascular tsis ua haujlwm, lub raum kuj raug kev txom nyem. Xws li cov teeb meem ntawm ntshav qab zib kuj tshwm sim qeeb, qhov ua rau ntawm lawv yog cov ntshav qab zib ntau ntxiv. Lawv hu ua mob ntshav qab zib nephropathy. Kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha ntawm ob lub raum ua rau urinary retention, nitrogenous compounds nyob rau hauv cov ntshav. Lub raum tsis ua hauj lwm tsim thiab intoxication ntawm lub cev yog ua tau.
Cov kab mob no ua rau hauv daim ntawv mob ntev. Kwv yees li 30% ntawm cov neeg mob raug cuam tshuam los ntawm nws. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog feem ntau nws tsim nrog decompensation ntawm ntshav qab zib. Yog tias koj plam qhov pib ntawm qhov teeb meem no, lub raum tsis ua haujlwm yuav nce nrawm.
Nerve puas
Yog tias koj tsis tiv thaiv qhov mob ntshav qab zib, qhov tshwm sim loj dua tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov hlab ntsha, kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha peripheral tsim - mob ntshav qab zib polyneuropathy. Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, cov hlab ntsha tuaj yeem raug puas tsuaj rau txhua qhov ntawm lub cev, feem ntau yog ob txhais ceg, uas tsis hnov tsw, cuam tshuam. Tab sis cov tsos mob hauv qab no tuaj yeem tshwm sim:
- tinnitus;
- mob thiab tingling ntawm tes;
- muscle qaug zog;
- cuam tshuam txoj hnyuv ua haujlwm.
pab teeb meem
Muajko taw pathology yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm cov ntshav qab zib mellitus uas cuam tshuam nrog peripheral vascular kab mob. Vim tsis muaj zaub mov tsis txaus ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, ntau qhov txhab kho tau ntev dua, daim tawv nqaij yooj yim dua puas thiab muaj kab mob. Cov kab mob trophic, uas tsis kho calluses ntawm ko taw, kab mob fungal feem ntau tshwm sim. Tus mob no hu ua mob ntshav qab zib ko taw.
Tsis tas li ntawd, ntshav qab zib ua rau kev puas tsuaj rau cov paj hlwb. Vim li no, qhov rhiab ntawm ko taw tuaj yeem cuam tshuam. Tus neeg mob yuav tsis pom tias nws raug mob, tsis hnov qhov hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Tab sis nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov mob kub hnyiab hauv ko taw, qhov kev xav ntawm tingling, nkag mus yuav tshwm sim. Kev poob siab ntawm ob txhais taw ua rau muaj qhov tsis raug ntawm cov khoom thauj thaum taug kev, thiab yog tias tus neeg mob tseem muaj lub cev hnyav, ntau yam pathologies tsim. Cov kab mob feem ntau tshwm sim, kab mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim, phlegmon lossis gangrene tuaj yeem tshwm sim.
Kev tiv thaiv kev tsis zoo ntawm tus kab mob
Tshaj lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov teeb meem hauv ntshav qab zib mellitus, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias nrog cov kab mob no ib tus tuaj yeem nyob tsis muaj kev txom nyem. Txawm hais tias tus kab mob no suav tias yog kho tsis tau, qhov teeb meem loj tuaj yeem zam tau. Nws tsuas yog tsim nyog yuav tsum ua tib zoo tswj cov qib ntawm cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav thiab ua raws li kev noj haus. Kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntshav qab zib mellitus yog ua raws li tag nrho cov lus pom zoo ntawm tus kws kho mob, haus tag nrho cov tshuaj kws kho mob raws li kev noj zaub mov kom raug thiab tsis tso cai rau cov piam thaj nce ntxiv.
Ua li no, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas koj cov qib qabzib tsis tu ncua thiab nojkev kuaj mob. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tau kuaj cov roj (cholesterol), kuaj pom qhov muag thiab ntshav siab. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tiv thaiv qhov hnyav nce, zam kev ntxhov siab thiab tso tseg cov cwj pwm phem. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm ko taw, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tsis tu ncua tshuaj xyuas lawv, tiv thaiv kev raug mob, ntxuav txhua hnub thiab siv cov nplaum nplaum.
Kev kho mob ntshav qab zib
Cov teeb meem thaum ntxov yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws nrog, txawm tias lawv feem ntau yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau lub neej. Tab sis yog tias koj kawm paub txog qhov poob qis lossis nce hauv cov ntshav qab zib hauv lub sijhawm, qhov pib ntawm coma tuaj yeem tiv thaiv.
Yog tias koj muaj hypoglycemia, koj yuav tsum noj ob peb ntsiav tshuaj qabzib. Yog tias lawv tsis nyob ntawm tes, koj tuaj yeem hloov lawv nrog ib daim qab zib, khoom qab zib lossis kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nco ntsoov xyuas cov suab thaj txhua 10 feeb kom txog thaum nws normalizes. Yog tias tus neeg mob tsis nco qab, nws yog qhov ceev kom hu rau lub tsheb thauj neeg mob. Yog tias ua tau, koj yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj "Glucagon".
Nyob rau hauv cov ntshav qab zib ketoacidosis, thaum cov piam thaj nce siab tshaj 15 mmol / l thiab ketone lub cev hauv cov ntshav, tus neeg mob tuaj yeem poob rau hauv coma. Cov mob no tshwm sim nrog cov nyiaj them tsis txaus rau ntshav qab zib mellitus lossis nrog kev ua txhaum ntawm kev noj zaub mov txhua hnub thiab kev noj haus. Kev kho rau ketoacidosis tsuas yog ua hauv tsev kho mob xwb.
Kev kho mob ntawm cov mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha thiab cov hlab ntsha, yuav tsum ua kom ruaj khov thiab ua tiav. Yuav tsum muaj kev ntsuam xyuas tiav los pab txheeb xyuas qhov muaj nyob ntawmpathologies. Feem ntau siv cov tsos mob kho. Tus neeg mob yuav tsum ua raws li tag nrho cov lus pom zoo ntawm tus kws kho mob thiab tswj cov qib qab zib.
