Muaj cov lus teb rau cov lus nug vim li cas cov neeg laus thiaj mob qog noj ntshav. Piv txwv li, kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo rau lub sijhawm ntev, kev coj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo, kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig tsis zoo thiab kev tsim noob neej. Rau cov lus nug vim li cas menyuam yaus thiaj mob qog noj ntshav, cov kws tshawb fawb thiab kws kho mob tseem tab tom nrhiav cov lus teb. Ob qho no feem ntau cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob hauv cov menyuam mos. Qhov no yog ecology thiab heredity. Dab tsi ntxiv ua rau mob qog noj ntshav hauv menyuam yaus? Hais txog hom kab mob dab tsi hauv cov menyuam yaus, txog qhov ua rau, cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob, kev kuaj mob thiab cov txheej txheem niaj hnub ntawm kev kho mob - ntxiv rau qhov no tom qab hauv tsab xov xwm. Yog li, nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim.
Ua rau mob qog noj ntshav hauv menyuam yaus. Dab tsi?
Environmental influences and heredity. Nws yog ob qho laj thawj, uas feem ntau cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm mob qog noj ntshav hauv cov menyuam yaus, uas cov kws tshawb fawb ib leeg tawm. Qhov no txhais li cas?
Kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab yuav nyob ntawm seb niam txiv kev noj qab haus huv zoo npaum li cas. Cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais tsis tu ncua. Cov me nyuam yug los 25-30 xyoo dhau los muaj zog tshaj cov tiam tam sim no. Qhov no cuam tshuam, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, los ntawm txoj kev ua neej ntawm cov niam txiv.
Kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab feem ntau nyob ntawmniam txiv
Cov kws kho mob qhia cov niam txiv thaum npaj cev xeeb tub kom tso tseg cov cwj pwm phem thiab ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev. Ntxiv nrog rau kev quav tshuaj nicotine thiab cawv, muaj ntau yam uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau menyuam yaus:
- Kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo ntawm leej niam thaum cev xeeb tub;
- ua haujlwm tsim kev puas tsuaj thaum nqa tus menyuam;
- ib puag ncig cuam tshuam;
- noj tshuaj;
- hluav taws xob hluav taws xob;
- yav dhau los rho menyuam;
- yug ntxov ntxov;
- tsis pub niam mis.
Qhov laj thawj rau kev loj hlob ntawm oncology hauv cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem suav nrog kev kis kab mob thiab kab mob hauv cov ntshav ntawm leej niam uas xav tau. Lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus poj niam kuj tseem ceeb. Tus niam yau uas muaj kev cia siab, tus menyuam muaj zog dua. Hloov pauv, tus poj niam laus dua tus poj niam uas yug me nyuam, qhov muaj feem ntau ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav hauv tus menyuam. Tib yam tuaj yeem hais txog txiv neej. Kev haus dej cawv, nicotine, thiab qee zaum rau cov tshuaj narcotic yuav cuam tshuam rau tiam tom ntej. Thiab lub hnub nyoog ntawm yav tom ntej leej txiv, zoo li leej niam, tseem ceeb.
Ecology thiab noob caj noob ces
Koj tsis tuaj yeem txo qhov ib puag ncig uas tus menyuam nyob. Ib puag ncig tsis zoo lossis kev nyob zoo tuaj yeem ua rau tus menyuam mob qog noj ntshav. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib tug unfavorable ib puag ncig yuav ua rau ib tug genetic mutation. Nws yuav ua rau mob qog noj ntshav. Tam sim no, lub xeev ntawm dej, huab cua, av tawm ntau yam xav tau. Cov huab cua hauv megacities yog polluted los ntawm industrialntau lawm, tso pa tawm. Cov av yog nquag ua rau hnyav hlau paug. Hauv qee thaj tsam, tib neeg nyob hauv tsev tsim nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Thiab tsis yog tag nrho. Muaj lwm yam laj thawj uas ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm oncology hauv cov menyuam yaus, uas tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi los ntawm lwm yam kev cuam tshuam:
- tshuaj mus sij hawm ntev;
- tshav ntuj nrig;
- kab mob kis;
- haus luam yeeb;
- cov xwm txheej ntxhov siab.
Kev coj ua niaj hnub txawv teb chaws
ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Cov noob caj noob ces niaj hnub tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab txog qhov muaj kev hloov pauv, cov kab mob keeb kwm yav dhau los uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob qog noj ntshav hauv menyuam yaus. Nws txhais li cas? Hauv ntau lub tebchaws nyob sab hnub poob, ib txoj hauv kev ntawm kev kuaj caj ces ntawm cov niam txiv uas xav pib tsev neeg tau siv dav. Tab sis txawm tias txoj kev no tsis tau muab ib puas feem pua paub tseeb tias tus kab mob yuav tshwm sim nws tus kheej los yog tsis.
Cov tsos mob ntawm oncology hauv cov menyuam yaus: dab tsi niam txiv thiab kws kho mob yuav tsum tau saib xyuas
Yuav ua li cas? Cov tsos mob ntawm mob qog noj ntshav hauv menyuam yaus yog dab tsi, thiab lawv tshwm sim li cas? Cov kws kho mob tham txog kev paub txog mob qog noj ntshav. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov kws kho mob thiab cov niam txiv yuav tsum paub txog cov tsos mob yooj yim uas yuav ua rau muaj mob hnyav. Lawv yuav tsum ceev faj.
Nws feem ntau tshwm sim tias thawj cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob qog noj ntshav hauv cov menyuam yaus yog qhov txawv ntawm cov kab mob. Muaj ntau qhov xwm txheej zoo li no. Yog tias tus kab mob tsis teb rau cov kev kho mob ib txwm muaj thiab ua rau atypically, qhov no twb yog vim li cas tig muscov kws tshaj lij profile. Cov, dhau los, yuav xa mus kuaj mob qog noj ntshav. Kev tsis nyiam cov niam txiv mus ntsib cov tsev kho mob thiab sawv hauv kab rau kev teem caij nrog kws kho mob feem ntau ua rau muaj teeb meem loj. Qee lub sij hawm cov niam tsis mloog zoo txaus rau cov tsos mob uas txhawj xeeb, ua yuam kev rau kev qaug zog, ua haujlwm ntau dhau, plab zom mov yooj yim, lossis mob khaub thuas uas tsis ploj mus ntev.
mob qog noj ntshav thaum yau yog kho tau. Tab sis raws sij hawm nrhiav kev pab kho mob. Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kho tau zoo nce ntxiv thaum tus menyuam raug kuaj mob qog noj ntshav hauv thawj theem. Thaum kuaj pom tus kab mob oncological nyob rau theem thib peb lossis thib plaub, qhov ua tau ntawm kev rov qab los yog tsawg heev. Ceev faj. Paub txog cov tsos mob ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav yuav ua rau kuaj pom tus kab mob nyob rau theem pib thiab siv cov kev kho mob maj mam, muab kev cia siab kom rov zoo tag nrho.
Kev loj hlob sai ntawm mob qog noj ntshav thiab cov tsos mob
Yog li, paub meej ntxiv. Mob taub hau thiab ntuav - hauv 80% ntawm cov neeg mob no yog qog nqaij hlav hauv nruab nrab paj hlwb.
Hloov pauv hauv kev sib tw, kev sib koom ua ke, rov qab deformity? Qhov ua rau tuaj yeem yog qog nqaij hlav hauv hlwb lossis txha caj qaum.
Dab tsi tuaj yeem ua rau pom kev tsis pom kev? Hais txog cov tsos mob tseem ceeb tshwm sim vim mob qog hlwb.
Nqeeg, qaug zog, qaug zog, tsis qab los noj mov thiab poob phaus, kub taub hau, ntuav, o cov qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav… Cov no yog cov tsos mob ntawm cov ntshav qog ntshav hauv cov menyuam yaus.
o ntawm lub ntsej muag, tsis muaj zog, ua npaws, tawm hws, pallor yog cov cim qhiamob qog noj ntshav, neuroblastoma. Mob ntawm qhov muag, qhov tsos ntawm strabismus yog cov tsos mob ntawm retinoblastoma.
Kev kuaj mob: Kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav twg tuaj yeem siv los kuaj tus kab mob hauv cov menyuam yaus?
Kev kuaj kab mob hauv tus menyuam yog qhov nyuaj dua li tus neeg laus. Cov tsos mob feem ntau yog disguised li lwm yam, tsis tshua muaj mob. Qee lub sij hawm tus kab mob pib ua tiav yam tsis muaj cov cim qhia, tab sis raug kuaj pom los ntawm lub caij nyoog, thaum kuaj xyuas dav dav. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev kuaj mob yog qhov nyuaj los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tus menyuam tsis tas yuav muaj peev xwm tsim tau qhov kev tsis txaus siab - dab tsi, qhov twg thiab ntau npaum li cas nws mob. Feem ntau, cov qog nqaij hlav malignant nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus raug kuaj pom nyob rau theem uas tshwm sim anatomical thiab physiological pom teeb meem.
Rau kev kuaj mob ntawm cov kab mob oncological hauv cov menyuam yaus, txhua txoj kev tshawb fawb uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj niaj hnub yog siv. Piv txwv li:
- kuaj ntshav dav dav thiab tshwj xeeb;
- urinalysis;
- x-ray;
- Ultrasound;
- magnetic resonance imaging / xam tomography;
- puncture;
- radioisotope scan.
Kev sim tshuaj lom neeg lom neeg ntawm DNA thiab RNA yog siv los taug qab kab mob qog noj ntshav ua rau kev hloov pauv ntawm caj ces.
Children's Oncology: Childhood Cancer Classification
Kev faib tawm ntawm cov kab mob oncological hauv cov menyuam yaus sib txawv ntawm peb hom qog nqaij hlav cancer:
1. Embryonic.
2. Cov menyuam yaus.
3. Cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm cov neeg laus.
EmbryonicCov qog nqaij hlav yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm pathology hauv cov kab mob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov formations yog histologically zoo ib yam li cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm tus me nyuam hauv plab los yog embryo. Cov no suav nrog cov qog blastoma: retinoblastoma, neuroblastoma, hepablastoma, nephroblastoma
Cov qog nqaij menyuam yaus. Lawv cuam tshuam rau menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas. Cov qog nqaij hlav tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev noj qab haus huv lossis hloov pauv ntawm cov cell mus rau ib qho mob qog noj ntshav. Cov txheej txheem uas cov hlwb noj qab haus huv tau txais cov khoom ntawm cov hlwb malignant hu ua malignancy. Ob leeg cov hlwb noj qab haus huv thiab ib nrab ntawm cov hlwb hloov pauv uas tsis pom muaj qhov tsis zoo, xws li polyps, plab rwj, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov no. Cov qog nqaij hlav me muaj xws li carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas, Hodgkin's disease.
qog nqaij hlav ntawm cov neeg laus yog ib hom kev tsim uas tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus. Cov no suav nrog qee hom mob qog noj ntshav, neurinoma, mob qog noj ntshav hauv cov menyuam yaus. Tab sis lawv raug kho nrog nyuaj heev.
Oncology hauv menyuam yaus - hom kab mob, txheeb cais
Hom mob uas feem ntau ntawm cov menyuam yaus yog leukemia. Lub npe no ua ke nrog lub hlwb thiab ntshav qog noj ntshav. Raws li kev txheeb cais, qhov sib koom ntawm cov ntshav qog noj ntshav hauv menyuam yaus oncology yog 30%. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, qhov no yog feem ntau. Cov tsos mob ntawm cov qog ntshav hauv cov menyuam yaus yog qaug zog, qaug zog, ua npaws, poob phaus, mob pob qij txha.
mob hlwb yog tus kab mob thib ob. 27% suav nrog tus kab mob no. Mob qog noj ntshav hauv hlwb feem ntau tshwm sim ua ntej hnub nyoog 3 xyoos. Muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub embryo nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm cev xeeb tub. Cov laj thawj tuaj yeem yog:
- poj niam mob thaum cev xeeb tub;
- tus cwj pwm phem xws li haus luam yeeb thiab haus dej;
- teeb meem thaum cev xeeb tub lossis yug menyuam.
Neuroblastoma yog mob qog noj ntshav uas cuam tshuam rau menyuam yaus xwb. Tus kab mob no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub paj hlwb ntawm fetus. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam mos thiab cov me nyuam mos, tsawg zaus nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam loj. Nws suav txog 7% ntawm tag nrho cov mob qog noj ntshav.
Ib kab mob uas cuam tshuam rau ib leeg, tsawg dua ob lub raum - Wilms qog. Tus kab mob no cuam tshuam rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 3 xyoos. Feem ntau cov qog no tau kuaj pom nyob rau theem thaum nws tshwm sim nws tus kheej raws li qhov o ntawm lub plab. Wilms qog nyiaj rau 5% ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob no.
Lymphoma yog mob qog noj ntshav uas cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob lymphatic. Cov qog nqaij hlav no "tawm tsam" cov qog nqaij hlav, cov pob txha pob txha. Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob yog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv o ntawm lymph nodes, kub taub hau, tsis muaj zog, tawm hws, poob phaus. Tus kab mob no suav txog 4% ntawm tag nrho cov qog nqaij hlav.
Rhabdomyosarcoma yog mob qog noj ntshav ntawm cov leeg nqaij. Ntawm cov nqaij mos sarcomas, hom no yog qhov ntau tshaj plaws. Nws suav txog 3% ntawm tag nrho cov qog nqaij hlav hauv menyuam yaus.
Retinoblastoma - qhov muag mob cancer. Nws tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 2 xyoos. Tus kab mob tuaj yeem kuaj tau los ntawm cov niam txiv lossis tus kws kho qhov muag vim yog ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob. Ib tug menyuam kawm ntawv noj qab nyob zoo, thaum illuminated, yog reflected nyob rau hauv liab. Nrog rau tus kab mob no, cov menyuam kawm ntawv yog huab, dawb lossis liab dawb. Cov niam txiv tuaj yeem pom qhov "tsis xws luag" hauv daim duab. Cov kab mob no suav nrog3%.
Pob txha mob qog noj ntshav yog qog nqaij hlav ntawm cov pob txha, osteosarcoma lossis Ewing's sarcoma. Tus kab mob no cuam tshuam rau cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog 15 txog 19.
Osteosarcoma cuam tshuam cov pob qij txha uas cov pob txha loj hlob sai tshaj plaws. Cov tsos mob tau tshwm sim hauv qhov mob sib koom ua ke, hnyav dua thaum hmo ntuj lossis thaum lub sijhawm txav mus los, o ntawm thaj chaw cuam tshuam.
Ewing's sarcoma, tsis zoo li osteosarcoma, tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim, cuam tshuam rau cov pob txha ntawm lub plab, hauv siab, qis extremities. Osteosarcoma suav txog 3% thiab Ewing's sarcoma 1% ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob thaum yau.
Menyuam mob ntsws cancer yog hom kab mob oncology uas tsis tshua muaj. Qhov ua rau tus kab mob no feem ntau yog cov niam txiv - cov neeg haus luam yeeb hnyav. Kev haus luam yeeb Passive yog ib qho ua rau muaj tus kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, mob ntsws cancer tuaj yeem ua rau niam txiv haus luam yeeb thaum cev xeeb tub thiab lactation. Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob no zoo ib yam li cov tsos mob ntawm bronchitis, hawb pob, ua xua, mob ntsws. Vim li no, mob qog noj ntshav tau pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv siab heev. Cov niam txiv thiab tus kws kho mob yuav tsum tau ceeb toom los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tsos mob xws li:
- poob qab los;
- qaug zog sai;
- hnoos nquag lossis hnoos hnyav nrog phlegm;
- mob taub hau loj;
- o hauv caj dab, ntsej muag;
- ua tsis taus pa.
Cov tsev neeg uas muaj keeb kwm mob qog noj ntshav yuav tsum tau saib xyuas cov tsos mob thaum ntxov. Kev kuaj mob ntxov ntxov ntawm txhua tus kab mob yog tus yuam sij rau kev kho kom zoo.
Txoj kev kho mobmob qog noj ntshav hauv me nyuam
Kev kho mob qog noj ntshav hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov menyuam yaus muaj nyob rau hauv cov chaw kho mob tshwj xeeb thiab cov chaw kho mob rau menyuam yaus. Kev xaiv ntawm txoj kev yog cuam tshuam los ntawm hom kab mob thiab theem ntawm tus kab mob. Kev kho mob tej zaum yuav muaj xws li chemotherapy, radiation therapy. Qee zaum, kev phais yog siv. Kev kho mob uas feem ntau siv ua ke.
Ib yam ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav thaum yau yog nws txoj kev loj hlob sai nrog rau cov kab mob loj hlob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov no kuj yog nws qhov tsis muaj zog. Feem ntau cov tshuaj chemotherapy hauv kev kho mob cuam tshuam rau cov qog nqaij hlav sai sai. Tsis zoo li tus neeg laus, tus menyuam lub cev rov zoo dua thiab zoo dua tom qab siv tshuaj khomob. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv cov kev kho mob hnyav, tab sis qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim yog siab. Yog li ntawd, tus kws kho mob oncologist yuav tsum sib piv cov kev xav tau ntawm tus menyuam muaj mob thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov raug, tib lub sijhawm - qhov siab tshaj plaws, uas yuav txo qis qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo.
Qhov thib ob siv feem ntau yog kev kho hluav taws xob. Radiotherapy yog siv ua ke nrog kev phais lossis kws khomob. Nrog kev pab los ntawm hluav taws xob ncaj qha, cov kws kho mob ua tiav qhov kev txo qis ntawm cov qog. Qhov no ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau tshem tawm tom qab. Qee zaum tsuas yog siv hluav taws xob kho mob xwb, tsis tas yuav phais tom ntej.
cov tswv yim tshiab tau siv dav. Kev phais mob tsawg, piv txwv li, xaiv cov hlab ntsha (embolization) uas pub cov qog. Qhov no ua rau lawv qhov tseem ceebtxo. Lwm txoj hauv kev kuj tseem siv:
- cryotherapy;
- hyperthermia;
- laser kho.
Qee zaum, kev kho mob qia cell yog siv. Raws li kev kho hemocomponent.
Children's Center and Institute. P. A. Herzen
Lub koom haum ntawm Oncology. P. A. Herzen yog ib lub chaw qub tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia rau kev kuaj mob thiab kho cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Founded hauv 1903. Tam sim no, lub koom haum ntawm Oncology yog ib lub koom haum loj tshaj plaws hauv lub xeev ntawm qhov profile no. Nws kuj tau paub thoob plaws hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws.
Children's Cancer Center, tsim los ntawm lub koom haum, ua tiav kev kho mob qog noj ntshav. Lub chaw, nruab nrog cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, siv cov thev naus laus zis los tiv thaiv tus kab mob nyuaj no.
Nyob rau hauv lub koom haum ntawm Oncology. Herzen tau tsim ib txoj hauv kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob oncological, ib txoj hauv kev rau kev kwv yees tus kheej ntawm cov lus teb ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer rau kev kho mob, thiab kev ua haujlwm tab tom tsim los tsim cov kev npaj tshwj xeeb tshiab. Lub cev-preserving, functionally sparing operations yog dav siv. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau kom lub neej expectancy ntawm cov neeg mob qog noj ntshav.
Hauv qhov chaw koj tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas kev kuaj mob, tau txais cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb. Yog tias tsim nyog, kev kho mob uas tsim nyog ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer yuav ua tiav ntawm no siv cov txheej txheem niaj hnub thiab cov cuab yeej siv tshiab.
Me mexaus
Tam sim no koj paub vim li cas cov kab mob xws li mob qog noj ntshav tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus. Raws li koj tau pom, muaj ntau ntawm lawv. Peb kuj saib cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob zoo li no. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsab xov xwm piav qhia txog lawv txoj kev kho mob. Qhov tseem ceeb los kho tus me nyuam yog kom kuaj xyuas ntxov thiab xaiv txoj kev kho kom raug.
