Yuav ua li cas paub txog kev mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim tawv nqaij: hom mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim tawv nqaij, qhov ua rau, cov tsos mob thiab thawj cov tsos mob ntawm kev lo

2024 Tus sau: Curtis Blomfield | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 21:10

Oncology muaj ntau yam. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog mob qog noj ntshav. Hmoov tsis, nyob rau lub sijhawm tam sim no muaj kev loj hlob ntawm pathology, qhia hauv kev loj hlob ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm nws qhov tshwm sim. Thiab yog tias xyoo 1997 tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg mob hauv ntiaj teb nrog hom mob qog noj ntshav yog 30 tus neeg ntawm 100 txhiab, tom qab ntawd ib xyoo caum tom qab tus lej nruab nrab yog 40 tus neeg.

Qhov tshwm sim ntau tshaj plaws tshwm sim hauv cov teb chaws kub nyob rau thaj tsam huab cua sov. Muaj ntau tus neeg mob tshwj xeeb nrog qhov kev kuaj mob no hauv New Zealand thiab Australia. Lub hnub nyoog nruab nrab ntawm qhov pib yog 57 xyoo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg mob coob dua yog cov neeg uas muaj xim dawb, thiab tsis muaj tawv nqaij dub.

Qhov no pathology yog dab tsi?

mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog kab mob malignant tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm squamous stratified epithelial hlwb nrog rau qib siab ntawm polymorphism. Qhov no pathology yog lwm qhov kev lees paub ntawm qhov tseeb tiasLub ntsiab txhais lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm oncological ailments nyob rau hauv tib neeg yog tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li aggressively cuam tshuam ntawm lwm yam.

Tib neeg daim tawv nqaij ua ib hom "tsim" rau nws. Nws tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm qhov tsis xis nyob ntawm ib puag ncig, thaum txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tsis zoo nrog kev pab ntawm sclerotic thiab inflammatory dab. Tom qab lub depletion ntawm compensatory mechanisms nyob rau hauv ib tug tej thaj chaw ntawm daim tawv nqaij, unrestrained thiab uncontrolled loj hlob ntawm cov qog hlwb tsis paub qab hau los ntawm yav tas los ib txwm cov ntaub so ntswg pib. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, muaj kev nyiam ua kom puas tsuaj ib puag ncig.

Nws tau sau tseg tias tus neeg nruab nrab muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntau dua li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov qog nrog thaj chaw hauv lub cev. Cov pov thawj ntawm qhov no yog tias ntau tshaj 50% ntawm cov neeg uas nyob rau hnub nyoog 70 xyoo muaj ib tug ntawm ntau yam ntawm xws li ib tug pathology. Tag nrho cov no tau piav qhia los ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav malignant, uas yuav tau tham hauv qab no.

YKev faib tawm ntawm pathology

Thaum xav txog cov qauv ntawm daim tawv nqaij, cov epidermis thiab nws cov appendages yog qhov txawv ntawm nws cov qauv. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm peb "tsim" yog lub tiaj tus stratified keratinized epithelium, uas nyob rau saum toj ntawm lub hauv paus membrane. Qhov kawg yog hom ciam teb ntawm cov epidermis thiab cov ntaub so ntswg hauv qab.

Peb "sab nrauv" kuj muaj ib hom "buffer-shock absorber". Qhov no yog subcutaneous rog. Nws tsis yog ib feem ntawm daim tawv nqaij, txawm tias qhov tseeb tias nws nyob ncaj qha rau hauv qabepidermis. Xws li ib txheej yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov kabmob hauv nruab nrog cev thiab sab nraud integument.

Txoj kev tshawb fawb microscopic tso cai rau cov kws tshawb fawb txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem hauv qab no ntawm epithelium:

• qis, lossis basal;
• Malpighian, lossis prickly;
• grainy;
• external or horny.

Nyob rau hauv qis tshaj ntawm cov epidermis - lub basal txheej, muaj melanin. Cov khoom no yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Nyob rau thaj tsam tam sim ntawm lub hauv paus membrane, ntawm nws ob sab, melanocytes nyob. Lawv yog lub hauv paus ntawm melanin ntau lawm. Appendages ntawm daim tawv nqaij kuj nyob ze ntawm daim nyias nyias. Cov no suav nrog cov qog sebaceous thiab hws, nrog rau cov hauv paus plaub hau.

Raws li cov ntaub so ntswg koom nrog, muaj peb hom qog nqaij hlav malignant. Ntawm lawv:

• basalioma;
• squamous cell pathology;
• melanoma.

Basalioma ntawm daim tawv nqaij mob qog noj ntshav pib los ntawm cov hlwb ntawm txheej basal. Cov qog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nce qeeb qeeb, tsis muaj metastasizing rau lub sijhawm ntev. Raws li txoj cai, pathology pom ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab zoo li cov quav hniav tsis tu ncua. Sij hawm dhau mus, basalioma loj hlob mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg thiab ua rau lawv puas tsuaj.

Squamous cell carcinoma cuam tshuam rau thaj chaw ntawm lub cev. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tsim tshwm sim hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov caws pliav thiab hauv cov chaw uas tam sim no mob dermatitis hauv cheeb tsam. Hom qog no metastasizes los ntawm lymphatic system.

Melanoma yog hom mob qog nqaij hlav tawv nqaij tshaj plaws. Kev loj hlob ntawm hom kab mob nolos ntawm cov hlwb uas muaj cov xim melanin. Feem ntau, tus kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm pigmented nevus los yog los ntawm mole. Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus kab mob no nce ntau ntxiv nrog rau lub hnub lub rays ntev.

Ntxiv rau peb qhov chaw kho mob tseem ceeb ntawm daim tawv nqaij, kuj tseem muaj:

1. Adenocarcinomas. Lawv yog cov qog uas tsim los ntawm qhov zais zais ntawm cov qog sebaceous thiab hws.
2. Cov qog nqaij hlav sib xyaw. Tshaj tawm hauv ntau qhov chaw ntaub so ntswg.
3. Metastatic qog. Xws li malignant neoplasms yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav hauv lub cev.

Thaum ntxov, kev faib cov qog muaj qee yam ntawm nws ntau yam, uas tau pom hauv cov ntaub so ntswg. Cov no yog daim tawv nqaij dermatosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, angiosarcoma thiab lwm yam pathologies.

Yog vim li cas

Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov kws kho mob tsis xav txog kev mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog cov kab mob oncological feem ntau. Nws suav txog kwv yees li 5% ntawm tag nrho cov kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav. Tab sis nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, daim ntawv no ntawm pathology tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm poj niam txiv neej. Kev mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm tus poj niam thiab tus txiv neej tuaj yeem txhim kho nrog qhov tshwm sim zoo ib yam, cuam tshuam rau tib neeg, raws li txoj cai, uas tau mus txog hnub nyoog 50 xyoo. Ntxiv mus, cov laj thawj uas ua rau nws cov tsos yog muab faib ua sab nraud thiab sab hauv. Cia wb mus saib lawv.

External ua rau

Ntawm cov yam tseem ceeb ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav yog:

1. raug UV (raug tshav ntuj). Qhov no piav qhia yog vim li cas kev loj hlob ntawm daim tawv nqaij mob cancer feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov chaw raug.thaj chaw ntawm lub cev, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub hauv pliaj, ntawm lub qhov ntswg, ntawm pob ntseg, nyob rau hauv lub ces kaum ntawm lub qhov muag thiab lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub taub hau. Tom qab tag nrho, cov cheeb tsam ntawm lawv qhov chaw yog feem ntau raug rau cov rays ntawm lub hnub. Ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm ob txhais ceg, caj npab thiab lub cev, malignant neoplasms yog qhov tsawg heev. Lawv qhov yuav tshwm sim ntawm txhua qhov kev kuaj pom tus kab mob tsis tshaj 10%. Provoke txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav tsis tau tsuas yog mus sij hawm ntev, tab sis kuj ib leeg, tab sis khaus raug rau UV rays. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog feem ntau qhov no yog qhov ua rau ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm melanoma. Feem ntau, hom mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim tawv nqaij no cuam tshuam rau cov neeg uas raug tshav ntuj tsis tu ncua, tab sis qee zaus. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov no yog thaum tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv chaw ua haujlwm siv nws cov hnub so ntawm lub puam. Tsis ntev los no, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov tseem ceeb no tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb. Qhov no cuam tshuam los ntawm kev nce hauv kev puas tsuaj ntawm ozone txheej, uas yog kev tiv thaiv peb lub ntiaj teb los ntawm ultraviolet rays. Feem ntau, mob qog noj ntshav kuj cuam tshuam rau cov neeg nyiam ntawm cov bronze tanning uas tuaj xyuas solariums.
2. Mechanical raug mob rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Lawv tuaj yeem ua rau qog nqaij hlav yog tias thaj chaw uas muaj cov cim yug (pigmented nevi) puas lawm.
3. Irradiation nrog ionizing (gamma thiab x-ray) hluav taws xob. Qhov kev kis no ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob dermatitis thaum ntxov lossis lig.
4. Irradiation nrog infrared rays. Raws li txoj cai, qhov no yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv metallurgical thiab iav industries.
5. Nyob ntev lossis tsis tu ncua nrog qee yam tshuaj uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob carcinogeniccawv. Cov no suav nrog cov khoom siv roj av, thee, tshuaj tua tsiaj, tshuaj tua kab thiab cov roj ntxhia. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm pathology kuj tseem ua tau nrog kev siv cov plaub hau dye.
6. Arsenic hom intoxication.
7. Kub kub. Lawv yog qhov txaus ntshai tshwj xeeb thaum rov ua dua.

Internal Causes

Cov yam ntxwv zoo li no rau kev loj hlob ntawm daim tawv nqaij muaj xws li:

1. Rau. Qhov loj tshaj predisposition rau kev loj hlob ntawm daim tawv nqaij mob cancer yog blondes thiab cov neeg ntawm cov haiv neeg Caucasian. Ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm haiv neeg dub, cov neeg mob uas muaj tus kab mob no tsawg kawg nkaus.
2. Kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog. Nws kuj predisposes rau daim tawv nqaij mob cancer. Qee qhov xwm txheej hauv qhov no yog lub sijhawm cev xeeb tub, thaum lub sijhawm tag nrho cov xwm txheej raug tsim rau degeneration ntawm moles lossis pigmented nevi.
3. Heredity.
4. Kev kis tus neeg muaj qee yam kab mob papillomavirus (HPV).
5. Cov txheej txheem mob ntawm qhov mob ntev ntawm ntau yam etiologies, uas ntes tsis tau tsuas yog ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tab sis kuj cov ntaub so ntswg hauv qab. Cov no muaj xws li mycosis tob thiab fistulas, trophic ulcers thiab gummous daim ntawv ntawm syphilis, systemic lupus erythematosus thiab lwm yam pathologies zoo sib xws.

Kev txhim kho tus kab mob

Thaum raug UV hluav taws xob, nrog rau lwm yam ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam, feem ntau cov hlwb ncaj qha raug puas tsuaj. Hauv qhov no, DNA cuam tshuam. Kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov cell membranes tsis pom. Nrog kev puas tsuaj ib nrab ntawm nucleic acids, kev hloov pauv tshwm sim, ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv daim nyias nyias lipids, nrog rau cov protein tseem ceeb ntawm cov protein.molecules. Cov kab mob tau sau tseg hauv cov hlwb epithelial basal.

Txawm li cas los xij, HPV thiab ntau hom hluav taws xob tsis yog mutagenic xwb. Lub cev muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob. Ib qho txheej txheem zoo sib xws tau piav qhia los ntawm kev tuag ntawm cov hlwb dermal, nrog rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm qee cov membrane antigens tsim nyog rau kev ua kom cov lymphocytes. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lub cellular tiv thaiv kab txuas ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob raug txwv.

Cov tsos mob dav dav

Yuav ua li cas thiaj paub mob qog noj ntshav? Thaum ntxov tshaj plaws, qhov ntim ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg malignant tseem me me. Kev hloov pauv cuam tshuam rau lub cev ntawm qib cellular. Nyob rau lub sij hawm tom ntej, ib qho khoom intradermal thiab cutaneous tsim tshwm. Cov txheej txheem no yog vim muaj kev nce qib ntawm cov qog hlwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, pigmented me ntsis los yog ulcers tshwm nyob rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, muaj ib tug infiltrated puag. Cov tsos mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij mob cancer (saib daim duab pathology hauv qab no) tsis suav nrog khaus ntawm qhov chaw ntawm neoplasm.

Hauv lwm lo lus, txawm tias qhov chaw khaus lossis tsis, nws tsis yog ib qho kev kuaj mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Mob cider ntawm qhov chaw ntawm nws qhov chaw tuaj yeem qhia txog kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog.

Yuav ua li cas thiaj paub mob qog noj ntshav? Ntawm cov tsos mob tshwm sim ntawm pathology yog:

• qhov tsim ntawm qhov ntom ntom ntawm daim tawv nqaij, uas muaj pearly dawb, liab los yog xim tsaus, uas zoo li nce thiab loj hlob mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg;
• muaj qhov chaw ntawm qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawmdaim ntawv, uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tsis sib xws peripheral loj hlob;
• tsim cov pigmented induration nrog ib tug nyiam mus rau hauv nruab nrab ulceration;
• kuaj pom ntawm pob, me ntsis protruding ntom tsim saum npoo ntawm daim tawv nqaij, uas muaj xim heterogeneous thiab thaj chaw ntawm yaig thiab tev;
• warty tsim ntawm papillary hom, nquag mus rau qhov tsis sib xws softening, tom qab uas qhov tsim ntawm qhov chaw lwj tshwm sim;
• hloov qhov loj thiab xim ntawm nevi tam sim no ntawm lub cev nrog cov tsos ntawm liab corolla nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv;
• mob uas cuam tshuam rau thaj tsam ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab tsim ntawm daim tawv nqaij, qhia txog qhov mob sib sib zog nqus ntawm dermis.

mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim tawv nqaij (daim duab ntawm yuav ua li cas cov kab mob zoo li tau muab hauv qab), raws li txoj cai, tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv qhov chaw qhib ntawm lub cev thiab ntawm lub ntsej muag, nrog rau cov chaw uas tau rub nrog khaub ncaws lossis feem ntau raug mob rau ib qho los yog lwm qhov.

Feem ntau, cov neoplasms no yog ib leeg. Txawm li cas los xij, cov xwm txheej ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau cov qog ib zaug tsis muaj qhov zam.

theem kab mob

Yuav ua li cas thiaj paub mob qog noj ntshav? Thaum thawj theem ntawm pathology, tsuas yog cov tsos mob hauv zos tshwm sim. Qhov loj ntawm cov qog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog nyob rau hauv 2 mm, tsis mus dhau lub epidermis. Qhov no yog qhov pom kev tsim uas tuaj yeem txav tau nrog kev txav ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Thaum lub sij hawm txoj kev tshawb no, nws hloov tawm hais tias cov txheej txheem pathological npog tsis tau tsuas yog lub sab sauv, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub qis txheej.epidermis. Tus neeg mob tus mob tsis ua rau muaj kev ceeb toom. Qhov kev cia siab rau nws txoj kev rov zoo yog qhov zoo heev.

mob qog noj ntshav theem 2 zoo li cas? Kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob yog qhia los ntawm kev nce hauv qhov loj ntawm cov qog. Nws ncav cuag 4 mm nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla, thaum ntes cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm lub dermis. Hauv qhov no, tus neeg mob yws yws ntawm qhov mob lossis khaus khaus. Qee lub sij hawm ib qho ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav nyob ze tau koom nrog cov txheej txheem pathological, lossis ib qho thib ob tshwm rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Metastases nyob rau theem ob ntawm daim tawv nqaij mob cancer feem ntau tsis tuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, tsawg zaus, ib qho ntawm lawv tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Yog tias cov kab mob pathology raug kuaj pom raws sijhawm, cov kws kho mob muab lawv cov neeg mob rau kev nplij siab. Raws li kev txheeb cais, 50% ntawm cov neeg mob nyob nrog kev kho kom raug rau 5 xyoos.

Yuav ua li cas nyob rau theem peb ntawm kev txhim kho tus kabmob? Nrog rau nws qhov kev loj hlob ntxiv, cov hlwb malignant kis tau los ntawm cov qog ntshav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv nqa ib pob qhov txhab ntawm cov qog ntshav nyob deb thiab hauv cheeb tsam. Nyob rau theem no, cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm daim tawv nqaij mob cancer (daim duab hauv qab no) yog scaly los yog pob, mob loj hlob.

Vim qhov tseeb tias cov foci ntawm pathology loj hlob mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg subcutaneous, lawv muaj kev txwv hauv kev txav mus los. Metastases kis tau los ntawm lymphatic system yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau hauv nruab nrog cev. Kev kwv yees rau cov neeg mob nyob rau theem no kuj zoo. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv muaj, qhov ciaj sia taus yog 30%.

Ntawm qhov kawg,theem plaub ntawm tus kab mob ua rau ntau yam hematogenous thiab lymphogenous metastasis. Cov qog nqaij hlav tawv nqaij zoo li cas nyob rau theem no? Cov qog nqaij hlav tshiab zoo li tshwm sim ntawm lub cev. Thiab lawv tsis yog nyob ntawm daim tawv nqaij xwb. Cov qog kuj muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam kabmob, ua rau muaj kev nce hauv kev qaug zog, uas yog hu ua "cancerous cachexia". Nyob rau theem no, cov neeg mob yws ntawm qhov mob siab. Tom qab tag nrho, cov txheej txheem pathological pib mus ntes pob txha mos thiab pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg. Feem ntau, cov qog los ntshav, kis cov kab mob pathological thoob plaws hauv lub cev thiab ua rau nws lom. Kev kwv yees nyob rau theem no tsis zoo. Tsuas yog tsawg dua 20% ntawm tag nrho cov neeg mob muaj sia nyob.

Basalioma

Yuav ua li cas thiaj paub txog kev mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm daim tawv nqaij thaum ntxov? Daim duab ntawm basalioma thaum nws tshwm sim ua rau peb nkag siab tias ntawm daim tawv nqaij xws li tsim zoo li nodule los yog cov quav hniav. Lub sijhawm no, nws yog qhov nyuaj rau kev txiav txim siab txog pathology, txij li cov qog tseem tsis tau tsim tag nrho.

Thaum thawj theem, cov neoplasm ncav cuag ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 2 cm. Nws txwv rau lub dermis thiab tsis dhau mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg uas nyob ib sab ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm pathology.

Nyob rau theem thib ob ntawm tus kab mob, basilioma nce hauv txoj kab uas hla, ncav cuag 5 cm. Nws npog tag nrho cov tuab ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tab sis tsis txuas mus rau txheej txheej ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg subcutaneous.

Nyob rau theem thib peb, cov qog ua ntau tshaj 5 cm nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla. Cov ntaub so ntswg subcutaneous rog raug rhuav tshem, tom qab ntawd cov leeg, cov leeg thiab cov ntaub so ntswg puas lawm.

theem plaub ntawm basalioma yog qhia los ntawm cov qog uaskis tau ntau heev uas, ntxiv rau kev puas tsuaj thiab ulceration ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, nws tswj kom puas pob txha thiab pob txha.

Cov tsos mob thiab cov cim qhia ntawm hom mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim tawv nqaij tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm kev faib tawm yooj yim. Nws qhia txog kev faib cov basalioma rau hauv cov theem hauv qab no:

• pib;
• expanded;
• terminal.

mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim tawv nqaij zoo li cas thaum ntxov (duab hauv qab)? Thaum ib qho basalioma tshwm sim, nws tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau los ntawm cov pob me me me dua 2 cm inch, uas tsis ulcerate.

Yuav ua li cas thiaj paub txog kev mob qog noj ntshav theem siab? Qhov no yog lub sij hawm thaum lub qog ua loj, loj hlob nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla mus txog 5 centimeters los yog ntau tshaj. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, thawj ulcerations tshwm sim ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov nqaij mos lesions tshwm sim.

Yuav ua li cas thiaj paub txog kev mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm daim tawv nqaij thaum lub caij sov? Pathology yog cov qog uas tau loj hlob mus txog 10 cm lossis ntau dua, uas tau loj hlob mus rau hauv cov kabmob thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Nyob rau theem thermal, tus neeg mob feem ntau tsim ntau yam teeb meem vim kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub cev.

Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm basalioma, txhua tus ntawm nws muaj nws tus kheej cov cim sab nraud:

1. Nodal. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm hom mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim tawv nqaij, thawj theem ntawm pathology manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug ntom nodule, uas muaj ib tug niam-ntawm-pearl liab xim. Nws nce saum npoo av thiab muaj qhov chaw so hauv qhov chaw. Thaum muaj kev raug mob tshwm sim, cov nodule tau yooj yim puas thiab pib los ntshav.
2. Ntog. Hauv hom mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim tawv nqaij no, kuaj pom thawj zaugthaum muaj plaques ntawm qhov tsis sib xws los yog puag ncig, uas muaj xim liab-xim av. Xws li neoplasms muaj waxy ci npoo me ntsis tsa saum cov tawv nqaij ib puag ncig. Qee lub sij hawm tus neeg mob tsim muaj ntau qhov foci ib zaug, uas loj hlob qeeb heev thiab tsuas yog qee zaus nkag mus tob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij.
3. Nplaim. Yuav ua li cas thiaj paub mob qog noj ntshav? Nyob rau theem pib ntawm qhov tshwm sim, cicatricial basalioma yog kev nyuaj siab nrog tsa cov npoo. Hauv qab ntawm qhov tsim no yog cov ntaub so ntswg tuab. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm pathology nyob rau hauv periphery, ulcerations pib tshwm sim ib ntus. Sij hawm dhau mus, lawv caws pliav thiab sib koom ua ke nrog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb.

Squamous cell carcinoma

Cia peb mus rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm hom kab mob no. Yuav ua li cas paub txog kev mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm daim tawv nqaij thaum ntxov hauv qhov xwm txheej no? Thawj qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob pathology muaj ntau txoj hauv kev, txhua qhov yog nyob ntawm daim ntawv ntawm mob qog noj ntshav, morphology, thiab thaj chaw ntawm kev tsom mus rau cov txheej txheem malignant.

Hauv squamous cell oncology, kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem txhim kho ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub cev. Cov no yog cov leeg ntawm ob txhais taw, xib teg, thaj tsam perianal, daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub ntsej muag lossis tawv taub hau. Cov qog nqaij hlav no muaj ntau hom. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog plaque. Yuav ua li cas paub txog kev mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim tawv nqaij (daim duab tuaj yeem pom hauv qab no)? Nrog rau daim ntawv no ntawm oncology, ib cheeb tsam xim tshwm rau ntawm ib feem ntawm lub cev, tshaj qhov uas ib tug tubercle tshwm. Rau qhov kov, thaj chaw pathological no ntxhib thiab ntom.

Lwm daim ntawv ntawm squamous cell carcinoma yognodal. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, thawj theem ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm daim tawv nqaij (daim duab qhia hauv qab no) yog qhov chaw uas muaj cov pob txha sib txawv, uas zoo li cov paj ntoo. Xws li formations yog xim av xim thiab ntom rau qhov kov. Nyob rau theem pib ntawm daim ntawv no ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav, cov kab nrib pleb mob tshwm sim hauv daim tawv nqaij. Maj mam, nodules pib tsim nyob rau hauv lawv, uas nws thiaj li loj hlob thiab thicken.

Daim ntawv tom ntej ntawm squamous cell oncology yog ulcerative. Nrog rau qhov mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim tawv nqaij no, thawj theem (daim duab hauv qab no) yog cov txheej txheem pathological nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm ulcers nyob rau hauv lub Upper txheej ntawm lub epidermis.

qog foci nce me ntsis saum daim tawv nqaij, tob rau hauv qhov chaw. Cov npoo ntawm qhov txhab muaj ciam teb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov menyuam. Lwm cov tsos mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij mob qog noj ntshav yog tus yam ntxwv tsw.

Squamous cell carcinoma muab faib los ntawm nws cov qauv rau hauv keratinizing thiab non-keratinizing, nrog rau kev sib txawv thiab tsis txawv. Xav txog cov qauv no ntawm pathology. Yog li, keratinizing mob qog noj ntshav tsim los ntawm qee cov qauv ntawm tes uas cov txheej txheem ntawm keratinization tau tshwm sim. Cov kws kho mob hais tias daim ntawv no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws vim qhov tseeb tias nws nce zuj zus thiab maj mam nkag mus rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Hom mob qog noj ntshav no nyuaj rau kev kuaj mob vim tsis muaj xim nyob rau hauv cov qog malignant. Nws tuaj yeem xav tias qhov kev loj hlob ntawm oncology tsuas yog thaum keratinization tshwm rau ntawm qhov chawvaricose ulcers thiab nti.

Cov txheej txheem malignant loj yog daim ntawv nonkeratinizing. Tseeb, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub foci ntawm pathology yog infiltrated nyob rau hauv ib tug kub ceev, mus txog rau lub qis txheej ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Lub ntsiab tsos mob ntawm daim ntawv no ntawm oncology yog nqaij granulations, uas muaj ib tug mos mos zoo nkauj. Thawj qhov tshwm sim ntawm no pathology yog ib qho kev tsim uas cuam tshuam tsuas yog sab sauv ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Thaum nias, tus neeg mob tsis hnov mob. Sij hawm dhau mus, kev tsim pib loj hlob, nws cov qauv ua denser, uas ua rau pom cov quav hniav uas nce saum npoo ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Lub neoplasm txuas ntxiv txhim kho, thiab nws cov xim hloov los ntawm me ntsis reddening mus rau ntau yam ntxoov xim av. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum palpation, qhov mob pib tshwm sim, thiab ntshav los yog purulent exudate tshwm los ntawm qhov txhab. Ua raws li qhov no, qhov ntom ntom ntom tshwm nyob rau sab saud ntawm qhov tsim.

Cov qog nqaij hlav no yog qhov mob hnyav tshaj plaws. Thiab nws cuam tshuam tsis yog ntawm daim tawv nqaij xwb. Nws qhov kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo qee zaum txuas mus rau tus txha caj qaum lossis lub hlwb, qhov muag thiab cov kabmob sab hauv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev hloov pauv tsis yog nyob rau hauv qhov txhab. Cov qog nqaij hlav cancer ntawm daim tawv nqaij tuaj yeem pom hauv ntau lwm yam kabmob. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub lub ntsiab feature ntawm melanoma. Thaum metastases tshwm sim, thawj qog, raws li txoj cai, nres loj hlob thiab txawm mus txog theem ntawm kev rov qab los. Kev tsim kho qhov kev kuaj mob nws tus kheej tuaj yeem ua tau tsuas yog tom qab kuaj pom kev puas tsuaj rau cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev.

Yuav ua li cas nws tshwm sim nws tus kheej ntawm theem pibtheem ntawm melanoma? Mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim tawv nqaij tej zaum yuav xav tias:

1. Nrog tingling, kub hnyiab thiab khaus hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov xim tsim. Cov tsos mob zoo li no yog vim cov txheej txheem nquag ntawm kev faib cell.
2. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm cov plaub hau poob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub nevus. Cov txheej txheem no yog vim degeneration ntawm melanocytes. Lawv hloov mus ua qog hlwb, uas ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov hauv paus hniav.
3. Thaum thaj chaw ntawm cov xim tsaus dua tshwm sim ntawm cov xim tsim los yog nws cov xim tag nrho yog txhim kho. Cov txheej txheem zoo sib xws provokes degeneration ntawm melanocyte mus rau hauv cov qog cell thiab poob ntawm nws cov txheej txheem. Cov xim, vim tsis muaj peev xwm tawm hauv lub cell, pib sib sau.
4. Thaum cov xim tsim tau pom meej vim tias tsis muaj cov hlwb muaj peev xwm tsim melanin. Cov xim hloov qee zaum tsis sib xws. Ib qho pigmented tsim tuaj yeem tsaus lossis ci tsuas yog los ntawm ib qho ntug, thiab qee zaum hauv nruab nrab.
5. Thaum qhov loj tuaj. Ib qho tshwm sim zoo sib xws qhia txog cov txheej txheem nquag ntawm kev faib cell, uas tshwm sim hauv cov qauv ntawm cov xim tsim.
6. Thaum muaj kab nrib pleb lossis rwj, noo noo lossis los ntshav. Cov xwm txheej zoo sib xws yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov tawv nqaij ib txwm los ntawm cov qog. Lub sab sauv txheej ntawm cov epidermis tawg, nthuav tawm nws cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Tias yog vim li cas txawm tias qhov kev raug mob tsis tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog txaus rau cov qog "tawg" thiab nws cov ntsiab lus kom nchuav tawm. Hauv qhov no, cov qog nqaij hlav cancer nkag mus rau thaj chaw noj qab haus huv ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab nkag mus rau hauv lawv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg.

Kev kho mob

Yuav ua li cas thiaj tshem tauTus neeg mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm daim tawv nqaij yuav ncaj qha nyob ntawm theem, hom, thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem.

1. Kev tshem tawm. Txoj kev no suav nrog kev tshem tawm cov qog tsom mus rau qhov txwv ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg noj qab haus huv. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv tsis muaj infiltrative kev loj hlob ntawm kev kawm ntawv thiab kev tshuaj ntsuam nyob rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav, uas yog, nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm mob qog noj ntshav. Nrog rau kev txhim kho tseem ceeb ntawm pathology, chemo- thiab kev kho hluav taws xob yog thawj zaug. Kev tshem tawm ntawm cov qog ua kom pom tseeb yog siv rau theem kawg ntawm kev kho mob.
2. Kev kho hluav taws xob. Txoj kev no yog siv ob leeg ntawm nws tus kheej thiab txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus neeg mob lub cev tsis zoo tom qab kev kho mob phais. Irradiate cov neeg mob nrog tshuaj me me, ua ntau yam txheej txheem. Feem ntau, hom kev kho no yog siv thaum kuaj pom mob qog noj ntshav hauv cov poj niam.
3. Tshuaj kho mob. Txoj kev no yog siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm metastatic thiab disseminated daim tawv nqaij mob cancer, thaum muaj ntau yam mob nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub cev. Qee lub sij hawm kws khomob ua ke nrog hluav taws xob, sau cov txheej txheem ua ntej tshem cov qog foci los ntawm kev phais.

Kev mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim tawv nqaij tsis meej. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho mob yuav nyob ntawm seb hom neoplasm thiab yuav ua li cas sai sai tom qab qhov pib ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm pathology, tus neeg mob mus rau tus kws kho mob. Yog li, tom qab mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim tawv nqaij thaum ntxov, txog 85-95% ntawm cov neeg mob rov zoo. Hauv cov xwm txheej siab, qhov yuav ua tiav ntawm kev kho mob tau txo qis.