Lymph nodes yog cov lim roj ntsha uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm lub cev lymphatic system. Lymph ntws nyob rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov kua dej interstitial thiab muaj ntau cov lymphocytes.
Cov lim roj ntsha no yog ib feem ntawm peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, lawv ncua cov kab mob uas nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, lawv yog thawj zaug ua rau lawv nkag mus rau hauv lub cev.
Cervical lymph nodes normal
Cov qog nqaij hlav hauv tsev menyuam ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv cov duab nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 3 mus rau 8 hli, submandibular - mus txog 1 cm. Thaum tsis muaj pathologies, lawv yog mos, txawb, thiab thaum nias tsis mob, tsis kub., tsis tau sib yuav.
Cia peb teev cov kab mob qog nqaij hlav hauv caj dab thiab lub taub hau. Lawv qhov chaw ua kom meej lub npe:
- cov qog ntshav ntawm thaj tsam submandibular;
- kab mob qog noj ntshav;
- occipital;
- ncauj tsev menyuam tob tob;
- tonsillar lymph nodes;
- Parotid thiab mastoid (qab pob ntseg).
Ua rau cov lymphatic nce ntxivknots
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem kis kab mob hauv lub cev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis haum xeeb thiab loj hlob ntawm cov qog ntshav hauv lub caj dab. Cov kws kho mob hu qhov no pathology cervical lymphadenitis. Cov nodes tej zaum yuav hnov mob txawm ua ntej pib cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob. Qhov phom sij ntawm lymphadenitis nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm cov qog ntshav hauv lub hlwb, thiab yog tias tsis ua haujlwm raws sijhawm, ces muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob ntawm nws cov qauv thiab daim nyias nyias.
Qhov ua rau cov tsos mob no yog lub cev tau pib tiv thaiv kab mob thiab pib tua kab mob, feem ntau yog vim muaj co toxins ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic, xws li streptococci thiab staphylococci, uas tau nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Thawj qhov uas yuav tsum paub yog qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm kev kis kab mob nyob. Feem ntau, cov no yog cov kabmob uas nyob ib puag ncig ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav tam sim ntawd.
- Kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog ntshav hauv lub caj dab, tshwj xeeb hauv qab pob ntseg thiab submandibular, feem ntau tshwm sim vim cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob ua pa sab saud, xws li: tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, tracheitis.
- Kho hniav mob (gingivitis, stomatitis, caries, pulpitis).
- abscesses, festering qhov txhab, rwj nyob hauv thaj chaw caj dab.
- Tshwj xeeb lymphadenitis tshwm sim vim mob syphilis, gonorrhea, tuberculosis.
- Kab mob los ntawm cov tsiaj tom los yog khawb.
- Too hauv menyuam. Kev tiv thaiv lub sijhawm no ua haujlwm tag nrho, yog li tso cai ib ntus ntawm cov qog ntshav hauv tus menyuam lub caj dab. Tab sis tsis txhob txhawj, dhau sij hawm lawv yuav rov zoo li qub.
Cov tsos mob ntawm lymphadenitis
Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm kev mob qog nqaij hlav yuav ua raws li hauv qab no:
- nthuav tawm cov qog ntshav hauv qhov loj, fuzzy contours, adhesion ntawm pab pawg ntawm cov qog ntshav;
- nce daim tawv nqaij kub ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav;
- mob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav, nrog rau qhov mob thaum kov nws;
- caj dab o;
- cim kev qaug cawv: kub taub hau, qaug zog, mob lub cev, tsis qab los.
Diagnosis
Txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov ua rau mob, thaum hu mus rau lub chaw kho mob, tus kws kho mob yuav sau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev tsis txaus siab, kuaj xyuas, thiab ntsuas qhov dav dav. Cov kev kuaj ntxiv yuav xav tau los txiav txim siab qhov pib ua rau mob thiab sau ntawv kho kom txaus: kuaj ntshav, x-ray ntawm lub cev thiab cov kab mob nyob ze, suav tomography, kuaj qog nqaij hlav, kuaj ntshav.
Yog cov qog nqaij hlav loj, tab sis tsis mob - qhov no tsis yog vim li cas thiaj li tsis ua haujlwm. Kev nce asymptomatic tuaj yeem yog qhov cim qhia ntawm qhov pib mob qog noj ntshav.
Nyob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm caj dab ntawm ib sab
Kab mob tuaj yeem nyob hauv ib lossis ob peb lub qog ntshav ntawm ib sab. Raws li qhov kev siv ntawm qhov mob, qhov chaw ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav loj, nws tuaj yeem xav tias lub cev nyob hauv qhov chaw pib pathology. Nrog unilateral o ntawm cov nodes, qhov ua rau yuav tsum tau nrhiav nyob rau hauv lub cev los yog cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm tus mob no.
Yog tias muaj mob thaum tig lub taub hau, mob thaum niasCov qog nqaij hlav loj ntawm ib sab tom qab pob ntseg - qhov no yuav yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm unilateral otitis media.
Yog tias qhov loj ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm lub caj dab mob sab laug lossis ob sab hauv qab lub puab tsaig, qhov no yuav qhia tau tias mob caj pas lossis mob tonsils.
mob hnyav nyob rau hauv lub submaxillary feem ntau tshwm sim vim caries, pulpitis, teeb meem nrog cov hniav ntse.
Qhov ua rau cov qog ntshav loj nyob rau sab nraub qaum ntawm tus menyuam lub caj dab sab xis tuaj yeem kis tau tus kabmob mononucleosis. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub caj dab tom qab nce nrog tuberculosis thiab meningitis.
Kev mob qog nqaij hlav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus, tuaj yeem txhim kho los ntawm khawb ib tus miv hauv tsev. Raws li kev txheeb cais, ib nrab ntawm cov miv uas tsis muaj tsos mob lawv tus kheej yog cov kab mob hu ua bartonella, thiab yog tias tus me nyuam uas tseem tsis tau muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob tom los yog khawb, kab mob hu ua "mob khawb kab mob" tuaj yeem txhim kho. Lub qhov txhab yuav tsis zoo rau lub sijhawm ntev thiab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, nyob ib sab ntawm nws, cov qog ntshav yuav nce ntxiv. Inguinal thiab axillary lymph nodes kuj yuav nce.
Tus kws tshwj xeeb hu rau
Nrog rau qhov nce hauv cov qog ntshav hauv caj dab hauv tus neeg laus, koj yuav tsum sab laj tus kws kho mob, thiab qhia tus menyuam mus rau kws kho mob. Qee zaum, kev kuaj mob los ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb, oncologist, hematologist, endocrinologist yuav raug sau tseg.
Txoj kev kho tus kab mob
Tsuas yog tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem sau tshuaj kho kom raug thiab tsim nyog. Hauv qab no peb teev yuav ua li cas nrog kev nce hauv cov qog ntshav qab zib tsis tsim nyog:
- No wayself-medicate - tus neeg mob nws tus kheej yuav tsis muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab yog vim li cas cov qog ntshav hauv lub caj dab loj tuaj. Feem ntau nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ua kom tiav kev kuaj mob ntxiv los txiav txim seb qhov mob puas tau tshwm sim vim muaj kab mob hauv lub cev lossis tshwm sim los ntawm cov txheej txheem qog. Nrog rau kev tswj hwm tus kheej ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm lawv qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig yog tias tus kws kho mob tsis tau txiav txim siab qhov rhiab ntawm tus neeg mob lub cev rau lawv lossis tus kab mob tsis yog los ntawm cov kab mob, tab sis los ntawm cov qog los yog kab mob HIV. Vim li no, koj tuaj yeem nco sijhawm los kho qhov teeb meem hauv qab.
- Ntau zaus koj tuaj yeem tau txais lus qhia los ntawm cov neeg tsis paub ntawv txog kev ua kom sov li cov qog ntshav hauv lub caj dab. Tsis muaj qhov yuav tsum tau ua li no, kev ua kom sov tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib kis ntxiv mus rau lwm yam kabmob thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Kuj provoke o thiab kub taub hau. Tsis tas yuav tsum muaj cov cua sov los yog compresses rau kev kho mob.
- Yog tias o, tsis pom zoo siv lub tshuab cua sov nrog dej khov. Nrog rau qhov tsis tau piav qhia ua rau mob, qhov txias tuaj yeem ua rau tus neeg mob hnyav zuj zus tuaj.
- Cov tshuaj kho neeg pej xeem tsis pom zoo vim tias tsis muaj pov thawj kev kho mob. Qhov no tsuas tuaj yeem ua rau qhov xwm txheej hnyav dua. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov ua rau tus kab mob tuaj yeem loj heev.
Txawm li cas los xij, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem sau cov tshuaj xws li:
- tshuaj tua kab mob (yog tias ua rau muaj kab mob), tshuaj tua kab mob (rau cov kab mob fungal);
- tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob;
- tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (nrog rau qhov tsis haum ntawm lymphadenitis);
- Yimmunostimulating, multivitamin.
Qee zaum physiotherapy raug sau tseg, piv txwv li, UHF kev kho mob, tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas tsis muaj kev kis kab mob, ua npaws, tachycardia.
Rau cov kab mob oncological, autoimmune, kev kho mob tsim nyog yuav raug ua - tshuaj kho mob, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau saib xyuas lub txaj so, zam kev ntxhov siab thiab kev tawm dag zog lub cev, tawm dag zog thiab hypothermia. Saib xyuas kev haus dej haus cawv, pom zoo noj zaub mov, sparing caj pas. Nrog rau kev mus ntsib tus kws kho mob raws sij hawm thiab kev txheeb xyuas qhov ua rau cov qog nqaij hlav loj hauv lub caj dab, nrog rau kev kho kom raug, kev rov ua tiav tiav.
Cov teeb meem ntawm lymphadenitis
Yog tias lymphadenitis siab dhau lossis nyuaj, yuav tsum tau phais. Cov ntaub ntawv purulent ntawm lymphadenitis yuav tsum tau kuaj mob. Cov qog nqaij hlav uas cuam tshuam tau qhib hauv qab tshuaj loog. Nrog kev pab los ntawm lub raj xa dej, cov kua paug tawm ntawm nws, tom qab ntawd lub qhov txhab raug kho nrog tshuaj tua kab mob thiab sutured. Suppurated lymph nodes qee zaum raug tshem tawm thiab kuaj histological tau ua rau pom muaj oncology.
Tsis tas li, niaj hnub no, tsis tshua muaj kev kho mob, tus kab mob tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg necrosis, ntshav lom, tsim fistula, thrombophlebitis ntawm cov leeg nyob ib sab.
Tus yam ntxwv ntawm lymphadenitis hauv menyuam yaus
Ua rau cov qog nqaij hlav loj hauv caj dab ntawm tus menyuam yuav txawv. Feem ntau lawv cuam tshuam nrog cov kab mob sib kis tshwm sim hauv lub cev, txo qiskev tiv thaiv kab mob, qog cov txheej txheem. Raws li tau sau tseg saum toj no, lymphadenitis hauv cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog teething, mononucleosis, kab mob miv khawb.
Pib nrog, tus kws kho mob yuav tshuaj xyuas tus menyuam kom muaj kab mob hauv lub qhov ncauj thiab cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob ua pa sab saud, vim cov qog o hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 12 xyoos feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob nyob ze.
Purulent tonsillitis yuav ua rau muaj cov qog ntshav hauv lub caj dab, thiab cov pob txha hauv lawv - mob lymphadenitis. Nrog otitis media, boils nyob rau hauv pob ntseg, lymph node qab pob ntseg ua o, thiab nrog caries, pulpitis, submandibular lymph nodes.
Nws tshwm sim thaum muaj kab mob ua pa hnyav, cov qog ntshav qab zib nce ntxiv, tab sis tsis ua rau mob. Qhov no yog vim lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis zoo ntawm tus menyuam, uas feem ntau siv los tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob thiab cuam tshuam rau nws.
Raws li tus kws kho mob paub zoo Evgeny Olegovich Komarovsky, qhov nce hauv cov qog ntshav hauv lub caj dab ntawm tus menyuam yog ib qho tshwm sim. Qhov tseeb, cov tsos mob no qhia txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus menyuam lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tsis tas yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam tshuaj lossis kev kuaj mob ntxiv, tshwj tsis yog kuaj ntshav dav dav. Tseeb, nyob rau hauv nws tus kws kho mob tuaj koom yuav tuaj yeem pom cov mis leukocyte thiab siv cov kev ntsuas tsim nyog, yog tias tsim nyog. Nrog rau qib siab ntawm qhov yuav tshwm sim, cov tsos mob yuav dhau mus yam tsis muaj kab.
ntsuas kev tiv thaiv
Tiv thaiv cov qog o hauv caj dab hauv tus neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus suav nrog cov haujlwm hauv qab no:
- NtxhaisLub cev, kev noj zaub mov kom zoo, ua raws li kev ua haujlwm thiab so.
- Kev kho mob ntawm qhov txhab thiab tawv nqaij raug mob nrog tshuaj tua kab mob kom tsis txhob kis kab mob, suppuration, ntshav lom.
- Mus ntsib kws kho hniav thiab kho cov hniav carious raws sijhawm. Los ntawm cov enamel rhuav tshem los ntawm cov kab mob carious, tus kab mob nkag tau yooj yim, cov ntaub so ntswg tuaj yeem cuam tshuam. Yog li ntawd, mus ntsib kws kho hniav 2 zaug hauv ib xyoos yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus.
- Kev kuaj mob ntawm lub cev.
- Kev kho mob raws sij hawm ntawm tonsillitis, sinusitis, otitis media yuav tiv thaiv cov teeb meem. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis txhob tso tseg txoj kev kho tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tawm tsam tus kab mob mus txog thaum kawg.
Zoo kawg
Raws li tau hais meej los ntawm kab lus, cov qog ntshav qog ua haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv tib neeg lub cev. Txhua lub tshuab hauv peb lub cev muaj kev sib cuam tshuam thiab cov cim tau txais nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav loj tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej.
Kev mus ntsib kws kho mob raws sij hawm, kuaj pom tus kab mob tseem ceeb, xaiv kev kho mob kom zoo ntawm cov qog ntshav hauv lub caj dab yuav ua rau rov zoo, thiab kev siv cov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv yuav tiv thaiv nws rov tshwm sim.
