Ntshav yog hom kab mob sib txuas ntawm tib neeg thiab tsiaj. Nws muaj peb hom hlwb, uas tseem hu ua cov qe ntshav. Nws kuj tseem muaj cov kua dej ntau ntawm cov tshuaj intercellular.
Cov qe ntshav tau muab faib ua peb hom: platelets, erythrocytes thiab leukocytes. Platelets koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntshav txhaws. Cov qe ntshav liab yog lub luag haujlwm thauj cov pa oxygen thoob plaws hauv lub cev. Thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm leukocytes yog los tiv thaiv tib neeg lossis tsiaj lub cev los ntawm cov kab mob tsis zoo.
cov qe ntshav dawb yog dab tsi?
Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm lawv, txhua tus ua nws cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Yog li, leukocytes muab faib ua:
- granulocytes;
- agranulocytes.
Dab tsi yog granulocytes?
Lawv tseem hu ua granular leukocytes. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog eosinophils, basophils thiab neutrophils. Cov qub muaj peev xwm ntawm phagocytosis. Lawv tuaj yeem ntes cov kab mob thiab tom qab ntawd zom lawv. Cov hlwb no koom nrog cov txheej txheem inflammatory. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem ua rau cov tshuaj histamine tso tawm los ntawm lub cev thaum ua xua. Basophils muaj ntau ntawm serotonin, leukotrienes, prostaglandins thiab histamine. Lawv koom nrog hauv kev txhim kho kev ua xuayam tam sim ntawd. Neutrophils, zoo li eosinophils, muaj peev xwm ntawm phagocytosis. Ntau tus ntawm lawv yog nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov mob.
Nongranular cov qe ntshav dawb
Monocytes thiab lymphocytes yog hom agranular (non-granular) leukocytes. Cov qub, zoo li agranulocytes, muaj peev xwm nqus tau cov khoom txawv teb chaws uas tau nkag mus rau hauv lub cev.
Lymphocytes kuj yog ib feem ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu. Lawv koom nrog hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov kab mob uas tau nkag mus rau hauv lub cev. Wb tham txog cov hlwb no kom ntxaws ntxiv.
Lymphocytes - yog dab tsi?
Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm cov hlwb no. Peb yuav saib lawv kom ntxaws me ntsis tom qab.
Nws tuaj yeem hais tias lymphocytes yog cov hlwb tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lawv muab ob qho tib si cellular thiab humoral tiv thaiv.
Cellular tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias lymphocytes nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov kab mob. Humoral, ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb - tshuaj uas ua rau cov kab mob tsis zoo.
Qib lymphocytes hauv cov ntshav yog nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic lossis kab mob hauv lub cev. Qhov ntau ntawm lawv, ntau lub cev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Yog li, tej zaum koj twb tau twv seb qhov nce lymphocytes hauv cov ntshav txhais li cas. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias ib tug neeg tam sim no muaj ib qho mob hnyav lossis mob ntev ntawm tus kab mob hauv lub cev.
Lymphocytes: lawv hom dab tsi?
Nyob ntawm lawv cov qauv, lawv muab faib ua ob pawg:
- loj granular lymphocytes;
- me me lymphocytes.
Tsis tas li, cov cell lymphocyte tau muab faib ua pawg, nyob ntawm seb lawv ua haujlwm. Yog li, muaj peb ntau yam ntawm lawv:
- YB-lymphocytes;
- T-lymphocytes;
- YNK lymphocytes.
Thawj tus muaj peev xwm paub txog cov proteins txawv teb chaws thiab tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau lawv. Kev nce qib ntawm cov hlwb hauv cov ntshav tau pom nyob rau hauv cov kab mob uas muaj mob ib zaug (kab qhua, rubella, qhua pias, thiab lwm yam).
T-lymphocytes yog peb hom: T-killers, T-pab thiab T-suppressors. Cov qub rhuav tshem cov hlwb cuam tshuam los ntawm cov kab mob, nrog rau cov qog hlwb. T-tus pab txhawb kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov kab mob. T-suppressors inhibit qhov tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum tsis muaj kev hem thawj rau lub cev. NK-lymphocytes yog lub luag haujlwm rau qhov zoo ntawm lub cev hlwb. Lawv muaj peev xwm rhuav tshem cov hlwb uas txawv ntawm ib txwm muaj, xws li cov qog nqaij hlav cancer.
Lymphocytes yuav loj hlob li cas?
Cov hlwb no, zoo li lwm cov qe ntshav, yog tsim los ntawm cov pob txha liab. Lawv tsim los ntawm qia hlwb. Lwm yam tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog thymus lossis thymus caj pas. Tshiab tsim lymphocytes tuaj ntawm no. Ntawm no lawv paub tab thiab muab faib ua pawg. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee qhov lymphocytes tuaj yeem loj hlob hauv tus po. Tsis tas li ntawd, tag nrho cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem tsim cov qog nqaij hlav - cov lymphocytes nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha lymphatic. Nodules yuav loj tuaj thaum lub sij hawm inflammatory txheej txheemhauv lub cev.
Yuav tsum muaj pes tsawg lymphocytes hauv cov ntshav?
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov lymphocytes tso cai rau hauv cov ntshav yog nyob ntawm hnub nyoog thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub cev. Cia peb saib lawv cov qib ib txwm nyob hauv lub rooj.
| hnub nyoog | Cov qe ntshav dawb tsis muaj tseeb (10 9/L) | % ntawm tag nrho cov qe ntshav dawb (%) |
| mus txog 1 xyoos | 2-11 | 45-70 |
| 1-2 xyoos | 3-9, 5 | 37-60 |
| 2-4 xyoos | 2-8 | 33-50 |
| 5-10 xyoo | 1, 5-6, 8 | 30-50 |
| 10-16 xyoo | 1, 2-5, 2 | 30-45 |
| 17 xyoo thiab laus dua | 1-4, 8 | 19-37 |
Cov ntsuas no tsis nyob ntawm poj niam txiv neej: rau poj niam thiab txiv neej, tus nqi ntawm lymphocytes hauv cov ntshav yog tib yam.
Qhia rau kev kawm txog qib ntawm lymphocytes
Yuav kom paub seb lawv cov ntshav muaj pes tsawg, siv cov ntshav suav tag. Nws raug muab rau cov menyuam yaus hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:
- Kev kuaj mob tiv thaiv kab mob ib xyoos ib zaug.
- Kev kuaj mob ntawm cov menyuam yaus mob ntev ob lossis ntau zaus hauv ib xyoos.
- Kev tsis txaus siab txog kev noj qab haus huv.
- Kev kho mob ntev ntev, xws li mob ua pa nyuaj.
- Cov teeb meem tom qab kab mob kis.
- To taug qab qhov kev kho tau zoo.
- Kom ntsuas qhov hnyav ntawm qee yam kab mob.
Rau cov neeg laus, cov ntshav suav tag nrho yog qhia nyob rau hauv xws li:
- kev kuaj mob ua ntej ua haujlwm.
- Kev kuaj mob tiv thaiv kab mob.
- Kev tsis txaus siab ntawm anemia thiab lwm yam kab mob ntshav.
- Kev kuaj mob ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory.
- Saib xyuas kev kho tau zoo.
- Lymphocytes hauv cov ntshav ntawm cov poj niam tseem ceeb heev rau kev saib xyuas thaum cev xeeb tub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau thawj peb lub hlis twg thiab thib ob.
nce lymphocytes
Yog tias lawv cov ntshav siab dua li cov qauv teev tseg, qhov no qhia tau tias muaj kab mob kis, qee yam kab mob xws li tuberculosis, syphilis, typhoid fever, mob qog noj ntshav, tshuaj lom neeg lom. Lymphocytes tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov kab mob uas muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov no yog kab mob qhua pias, qhua pias, rubella, mononucleosis, thiab lwm yam.
Txo cov lymphocytes
Tsis txaus ntawm lawv hauv cov ntshav hu ua lymphopenia. Nws tshwm sim hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no:
- kab mob kis nyob rau theem pib;
- ntshav qab zib;
- kab mob oncological;
- tshuaj khomob thiab xov tooj cua;
- kho corticosteroid;
- Ylymphogranulomatosis;
- Itsenko-Cushing's disease.
Yuav ua li cas npaj rau kev kuaj ntshav?
Muaj ntau yam uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov lymphocytes hauv cov ntshav. Yog tias koj tsis npaj kom zoo rau kev kuaj ntshav, nws tuaj yeem muab cov txiaj ntsig tsis raug. Yog li, koj yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai hauv qab no.
- Tsis txhob pw ntev ua ntej pub ntshav rau kev tshuaj xyuas. ntseKev hloov pauv hauv lub cev tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov lymphocytes hauv cov ntshav.
- Tsis txhob kuaj ntshav tam sim tom qab cov txheej txheem kho mob xws li x-rays, zaws, punctures, kuaj qhov quav, kho lub cev, thiab lwm yam.
- Tsis txhob kuaj ntshav thaum lub sijhawm thiab tam sim tom qab koj lub sijhawm. Lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws yog 4-5 hnub tom qab nws ua tiav.
- Tsis txhob txhawj txog kev pub ntshav.
- Tsis txhob kuaj ntshav tam sim tom qab qoj ib ce.
- Zoo tshaj yog pub ntshav rau kev tshuaj ntsuam thaum sawv ntxov.
Yog tias cov kev cai no tsis ua raws, muaj qhov tshwm sim siab uas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam yuav raug txhais tsis raug thiab kev kuaj mob tsis raug. Hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo li no, kev kuaj ntshav thib ob yuav raug txiav txim kom kuaj pom tseeb dua.
