Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, peb yuav xav txog dab tsi yog qhov kev tshoov siab loj rau cov casts.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom, nrog rau kev muaj peev xwm ntawm tus kws kho hniav uas tus neeg tuaj kho, yog qhov tseem ceeb heev hauv kev ua cov cam khwb cia lossis impressions ntawm cov hniav. Ib qho cam los yog kev xav yog ib qho duab tsis zoo ntawm lub puab tsaig nyob rau hauv daim ntawv convex. Hauv lwm lo lus, qhov no yog qhov pom ntawm cov hniav uas tsim nyog los tsim cov pob qij txha, nrog rau lwm qhov chaw lub puab tsaig.
Lub Hom Phiaj thiab siv hauv kev kho hniav
Qhov nrov tshaj plaws ntawm daim ntawv thov rau cov ntaub ntawv zoo siab yog kho hniav prosthetics. Cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb yog orthopedists thiab orthodontists. Cov ntsiab lus cam khwb cia thiab kev xav yog feem ntau siv sib hloov. Tab sis ib tug neeg xav tias nyob rau hauv lawv yog cov khoom uas yog ua los ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv.
Cov ntaub ntawv zoo siab yog siv rau qee yamCov cim qhia nyob ntawm lub xeev ntawm tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab mob pathological ntawm cov nqaij mos ntawm lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav thiab cov hniav, kev tsim cov khoom siv los yog cov khoom siv.
Hom thiab piav qhia ntawm kev xav
Cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig lossis cov khoom siv rau kev xav hauv kev kho hniav orthopedic tau muab faib ua ob pawg loj: elastic thiab tawv. Cov tom kawg yog hloov dua siab tshiab chemical (irreversible), nrog rau thermally (reversible). Hauv qab no, qee yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo siab hauv kev kho hniav yuav raug tham kom ntxaws.
Gypsum
Gypsum yog ib qho khoom siv tsis tau rov qab - nws yog tsim los ntawm roasting ntuj gypsum. Lub sieved raw khoom yog tov nrog dej ua ntej ua ib qho kev xav thiab lub plaster sai sai hardens, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los tsim kom meej impressions. Cov khoom no muaj qhov tsis zoo hauv qab no: kev sib tsoo tsis zoo - tsis zoo - tsis tso cai rau cov sib tov kom tawv sai; muaj feem ntau ntawm kev tawg vim fragility; tsis yog txhua yam khoom siv tuaj yeem siv thaum tshem tawm cov kev xav thiab cov qauv (piv txwv li, cov uas muaj roj). Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau ua raws li cov cai rau khaws cia rau hauv chav qhuav. Thaum khaws cia rau ntev, cov pob pib tsim hauv cov hmoov gypsum.
Lub meej mom ntawm gypsum:
- nqi pheej yig;
- tsis muaj qhov tsis hnov tsw thiab tsw;
- tau txais daim duab tseeb;
- tsis-stickiness;
- tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub qhov ncauj qhov ncauj thiab cov ntaub so ntswg ncig cov hniav.
Zinc oxide eugenol pastes
Zinc oxide eugenol pastes yog lwm yam khoom siv tsis tau. Dej thiab zinc eugenolate yog tov rau hauv lawv, thiab qhov sib tov tom qab xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau txais plasticity. Cov kws kho hniav siv lawv rau adentia (ib nrab lossis ua tiav), uas yog, qhov tsis muaj hniav. Xws li kev sib xyaw tuaj yeem nyiam vim tias nws yooj yim sib cais los ntawm cov qauv, adheres sai thiab muaj siab txhais. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau knead nws kom raug, vim pastes tuaj yeem tawg thaum lub sij hawm tshem tawm vim lawv fragility.
Yuav ua li cas lwm cov ntaub ntawv impression muaj?
Thermoplastic masses
Cov khoom thim rov qab muaj xws li cov khoom siv thermoplastic: stearin, rosin, paraffin, gutta-percha, stens, wax, Kerr pawg, Weinstein pawg. Cov ntaub ntawv no muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb uas lawv dhau los ua yas thaum rhuab.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, softening ntawm cov tshuaj no yuav tsum tau nqa tawm ntawm qhov kub tsis tshaj 60 degrees Celsius, txwv tsis pub koj yuav hlawv lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav. Ua kom raug cua sov loj rau kev xav tau zoo kawg nkaus kho thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, txawm li cas los xij, qhov kub ntawm tib neeg lub cev yog qhov zoo. Lwm yam khoom tseem ceeb yog homogeneity. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov zoo ntawm hom no yuav tsis nplaum thiab yuav muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Alginate impression material
Alginic acid sodium ntsev, los yog alginate, yog dej-miscible hmoov. Yuav kom tau txais kev sib tov zoo, koj yuav tsum tau kom meej meejua raws li cov proportions ntawm dej thiab hmoov. Alginate muaj ntau qhov tsis zoo: cov dej ntau yuav ua rau qeeb hardening; tsis zoo sib xyaw loj yuav crumble. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov sib xyaw ua ke, uas nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov hnab ntim khoom kom tau txais kev xav. Nrog rau kev ua tau zoo thaum lub sij hawm sib tov, cov cam khwb cia yog tau sai thiab yooj yim, nws tau zoo sib cais los ntawm cov qauv, ua kom cov txiaj ntsig tau ntev.
Puas muaj silicone impression mass?
Impression elastomeric cov ntaub ntawv
Kev xav elastomeric tshuaj nyob rau hauv kev kho hniav yog muab faib ua thiokol, polyester thiab silicone. Muaj ob hom silicone impression cov ntaub ntawv: additive thiab polycondensation.
Cov ntaub ntawv no yog ua raws li lub hauv paus muab tshuaj txhuam uas cuam tshuam nrog cov catalyst, solidification tshwm sim hauv peb mus rau plaub feeb. Ib txheej ntxiv yog siv rau sab saum toj kom tau tag nrho cov protrusions, recesses thiab contours. Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos zoo li no tau siv los tsim qhov kev xav thawj zaug, ib qho kev sib chwv sib xyaw lossis lub tais kev cai. Zoo li lwm yam tshuaj, nws muaj ntau qhov zoo: tus nqi nruab nrab; siab raug; ceev adhesion, uas yog, adhesion ntawm lub cev ntawm ntau yam; tsis muaj saj thiab tsw. Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj qhov tsis zoo: nws yuav siv sijhawm ob teev los ua tus qauv; qhov sib tov muaj peev xwm nqus dej noo thiab ua rau qhov no tsis zoo; tus qauv yuav txo qis; cov khoom muaj peev xwm hloov nws cov duab nyob rau hauv siab.
Qhov nolees paub cov lus qhia rau cov khoom siv zoo siab.
Polyester pawg
Polyester pawg tau nkag siab tias yog pastes nrog qhov nruab nrab sib xws. Lawv ua raws li polyesters nrog qhov hnyav molecular. Tom qab ntawd qhov kev xav loj yog ntim nrog silica, glycol etherphthalate muab nws elasticity. Tom qab ntawd nws tau ntim rau hauv cov raj (los yog raj).
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov ntaub ntawv loj:
- versatility - dav siv hauv orthopedics;
- daim ntawv thov thib ob thaum tsim tus qauv;
- siab luam ntawv raug; kho sai sai;
- ntev kev pabcuam lub neej - nws qhov ntom ntom ntev ntev tshaj li ib hlis;
- muaj zog txaus;
- kev xav tuaj yeem ua kom tsis muaj menyuam.
Txawm li cas los xij, hauv qhov no, kuj muaj qhov tsis zoo: qhov nyuaj ntawm kev rho tawm ntawm tus neeg mob lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav thiab tus nqi siab ntawm cov tshuaj.
Cov lus qhia rau kev txaus siab
Tus kws kho mob thawj zaug kuaj lub qhov ncauj, yog tias tsim nyog, kho lossis tshem cov hniav ntawm tus kheej. Thaum tus neeg mob tau xaiv tus qauv tsim, kev npaj ntxiv tab tom ua rau kev xav. Tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb txhaj tshuaj loog thiab npaj cov pob txha ntawm lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav rau imprinting. Tom qab ntawd nws qhuav nws lub qhov ncauj nrog paj rwb swabs. Tom qab ntawd, tus kws kho mob yuav tsum tau kneading cov khoom los ntawm cov cam khwb cia yuav ua. Cov cam khwb cia tuaj yeem coj mus rau ntau txoj kev. Ib tug ntawm lawv muaj nyob rau hauv cov nram no ua: ib tug nplaum yog kis rau ntawm ib rab diav, ces ib tug tuab muab tshuaj txhuam, ib tug impression ntawm cov hniav yog tam sim ntawd coj.
Qhov no yog ua tiav ua ntej npajcov ntsiab lus kom muaj chaw rau kev kho kom raug. Tom qab kev npaj ntawm cov hniav nyob rau hauv lub recesses ntawm lub txhawb gingival ntsiab, expansion tshwm sim. Nws yog nyob ntawd koj yuav tsum tau ntxig cov xov retraction uas yog impregnated nrog cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm vasoconstrictor. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob los ntshav los ntawm cov pos hniav thiab kho cov xov, ib lub tog raj kheej paj rwb yog muab tso rau hauv cov khoom npaj. Thaum kawg, tus neeg mob kaw nws lub qhov ncauj kom qhov chaw ntawm cov pos hniav thiab cov hniav tsis los ntshav. Tus kws kho mob tshem tawm qhov muab tshuaj txhuam ntawm qhov kev xav no thiab sau nws nrog ib qho tshiab. Tom qab ntawd, qhov kev xav tau xa mus rau lub qhov ncauj zaum ob thiab tam sim no qhuav tag.
Cov qeb siab tshaj plaws thiab cov khoom tshiab
Tam sim no nyob rau hauv Russia, hauv cov chaw kho mob ntau dua, cov kev xav hauv qab no feem ntau siv: alginate, polyester thiab silicone. Lawv suav hais tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv thaj chaw. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tsis muaj universal muaj pes tsawg leeg rau kev tsim kho hniav impressions, uas yuav muaj tseeb, haum rau cov kws kho mob nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub thiab yuav tsis muaj drawbacks. Nws kuj tseem paub tias txoj kev tshiab tam sim no tab tom qhia - luam theej duab ntau cov hniav thiab tsim lawv cov qauv los ntawm 3D duab. Tej zaum qhov no yuav ua rau yav tom ntej mus rau qhov ploj mus ib nrab hauv kev kho hniav ntawm casts siv cov ntaub ntawv zoo siab.
