Cov hauv paus hniav thiab cov kab mob epithelial yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov thyroid caj pas. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm cov colloid yog cov protein - thyroglobulin. Cov tshuaj no belongs rau glycoproteins. Lub biosynthesis ntawm cov thyroid hormones thiab lawv tso rau hauv cov ntshav yog tswj los ntawm adenohypophysis thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), cov synthesis uas yog stimulated los ntawm thyreoliberin thiab inhibited los ntawm pituitary somatostatin. Nrog rau kev nce hauv cov concentration ntawm iodine-muaj cov tshuaj hormones hauv cov ntshav, cov thyroid ua haujlwm ntawm lub caj pas pituitary txo qis, thiab nrog qhov tsis txaus, nws nce. Kev nce siab ntawm TSH provokes tsis tsuas yog nce hauv biosynthesis ntawm iodine-muaj cov tshuaj hormones, tab sis kuj diffuse los yog nodular hyperplasia ntawm cov thyroid caj pas cov ntaub so ntswg.
Cov thyroid pathology kuaj tau siv cov kev kho mob, biochemical thiab cov txheej txheem pathological-morphological. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tau txais, cov kab mob hauv qab no tau tsim: endemic goiter, hypothyroidism, diffuse toxic goiter, sporadic goiter, qog qog.
Diffuse toxic goiter yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm hypersecretion ntawm cov thyroid hormones thiab diffuse hypertrophy ntawm cov thyroid caj pas. Qhov no pathology yog suav hais tias yog ib hom kab mob autoimmune txiav txim siab, uas yog keeb kwm. Provoke kev loj hlob ntawm goiter kis kab mob (influenza, parainfluenza, influenza), pharyngitis, tonsillitis, encephalitis, kev nyuaj siab, ntev siv iodine npaj. Tus kab mob no tshwm sim los ntawm qhov sib txawv (qee zaum tsis sib npaug) ntawm cov thyroid caj pas, cachexia.
Hashimoto's goiter yog hais txog kab mob autoimmune, uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov ntaub so ntswg, ua txhaum ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj hormones. Daim ntawv no ntawm cov thyroiditis yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev txo qis hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj hormones (triiodothyronine, thyroxine) thiab hypertrophy ntawm cov thyroid caj pas. Cov kab mob no feem ntau sau rau cov poj niam dua li cov txiv neej.
Endemic thyroid goiter yog ib yam kab mob ntev uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev nce hauv cov qog endocrine, cuam tshuam ntawm nws txoj haujlwm, metabolism, kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub paj hlwb thiab cov hlab plawv. Ib qho tsis txaus ntawm iodine synergists (zinc, cob alt, tooj liab, manganese) thiab ntau tshaj ntawm cov antagonists (calcium, strontium, lead, bromine, magnesium, hlau, fluorine) pab rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob.
Ntxiv rau qhov tsis muaj iodine, kev loj hlob ntawm goiter yog provoked los ntawm kev siv ntau cov khoom uas muaj cov tshuaj antithyroid (goitrogens). Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tsis muaj tshuaj lom goiter ntawm cov thyroid caj pas. Nrog rau qhov tsis txaus iodine ntev, kev sib xyaw ntawm T3 thiab T4 raug txo.
Nyob rauNtawm cov kev hloov pauv biochemical hauv lub cev, cov txheej txheem them nyiaj tau qhib ua haujlwm, tshwj xeeb, kev tso tawm ntawm TSH nce, hyperplasia ntawm lub caj pas tsim (parenchymal goiter ntawm cov thyroid caj pas). Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov adsorption ntawm iodine los ntawm cov thyroid caj pas nce (4-8 zaug), kev sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj hormone T3 nce, cov kev ua haujlwm lom neeg ntawm 5-10 npaug ntau dua li ntawm thyroxin. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, cov txheej txheem them nyiaj tsis tau tshem tawm tag nrho cov teebmeem ntawm kev tsis txaus iodine ntev. Hauv cov qog endocrine, cov qog nqaij hlav atrophies, cysts, adenomas yog tsim, thiab cov ntaub so ntswg tsim, uas yog, goiter hypertrophy ntawm cov thyroid caj pas. Nrog rau kev kuaj mob ntawm "thyroid goiter" lipid, carbohydrate, protein thiab vitamin-mineral metabolism raug cuam tshuam.
