Rib fractures yog qhov mob hauv siab tshaj plaws. Cov neeg laus tshwj xeeb tshaj yog raug rau lawv. Lawv cov tav muaj tsawg elasticity thiab tsis zam deformations zoo li cov hluas. Rib fractures yog cov hauv qab no:
- ncig;
- subperiosteal;
- full.
Kev tawg yog qhov yooj yim tshaj.
Mechanisms of raug mob development
Raws li txoj cai, tib neeg tawg 5-8th tav. Tsawg zaus - 11 thiab 12th. Qhov no yog vim qhov sib txawv ntawm kev txav mus los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm qhov kawg. Nrog kev raug mob ncaj qha los ntawm cov khoom me me angular nyuaj, ib ntu ntawm cov nqi qis qis. Feem ntau, kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim ncaj qha ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub zog. Ua ntej, sab hauv ntawm tus tav tawg, thiab tom qab ntawd sab nrauv.
Yog tias lub zog tseem ceeb ua rau cov ntu loj ntawm arc, ces lawv tawg tawm thiab raug nias sab hauv. Cov pob txha zoo li no hu ua ob lossis fenestrated. Raws li txoj cai, cov kev raug mob no yog nrog los ntawm ruptures ntawm pleura, cov leeg, thiab cov hlab ntsha. Yog hais tias ib tug neeg kho tshuab quab yuam ua nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam lojcheeb tsam, ces ib cheeb tsam txav tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub hauv siab, uas yog hu ua "costal valve". Ib qho kev puas tsuaj tag nrho ntawm cov tav feem ntau provokes qhov kev hloov ntawm cov pob txha tawg. Thaum exhaling, lawv nkag tau pom, thiab thaum nqus tau, lawv ncaj. Nrog xws li kev raug mob, ruptures ntawm pleura thiab ntsws feem ntau tshwm sim nrog pneumothorax, hemothorax, subcutaneous emphysema, thiab hemoptysis. Nws yuav tsum to taub tias kev puas tsuaj loj ntawm cov tav tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus. Kev kho mob hauv tsev tsuas yog ua tau rau kev raug mob me (yog tias tus kws kho mob tso cai). Piv txwv li, cov kab nrib pleb lossis pob txha tsis ntau tshaj 1-2 tav.
Symptomatology and diagnosis
Rib fractures yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm qhov mob ntawm qhov chaw raug mob. Nws muaj zog dua nrog ua pa tob thiab hnoos. Cov neeg mob sim ua pa ntiav, tab sis feem ntau. Lawv raug yuam kom tuav txoj haujlwm zoo, uas muab thaj chaw puas tsuaj nrog kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb tshaj plaws. Nrog cov kev raug mob zoo li no, cov tsos mob ntawm kev cuam tshuam ua pa tshwm. Ib tug neeg sim nqus tau maj mam, tab sis sib sib zog nqus, tab sis tom qab qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov mob tshwm sim, nws nres cov txheej txheem. Ntawm palpation, muaj kev sib tw hauv zos, thiab qee zaum crepitus. Txawm li cas los xij, tom kawg tsis pom nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm pob txha ntawm cov pob txha mos ntawm cov tav. Nrog ntau cov pob txha, cov kab mob cardiorespiratory feem ntau tau sau tseg, nrog rau cov tsos mob ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau hauv nruab nrog cev. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm kev ua pa tsis ua haujlwm. Raws li txoj cai, thaum kuaj sab nraud, muaj:
- tachypnea;
- tawv nqaij;
- sustained tachycardia;
- lub hauv siab sinking(fragments);
- cyanosis;
- thaum ua pa, asymmetric txav ntawm lub hauv siab phab ntsa.
Qhov mob hnyav ntawm tus neeg mob yog nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov raug mob thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov tav tawg.
Kev pab ib zaug
thawj qhov tseem ceeb yog tshuaj loog. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws tsis tas yuav muab cov neeg mob tshuaj loog lossis thaiv qhov chaw puas nrog lawv. Qee lub sij hawm nws tsuas yog txaus los muab tib neeg lub cev ua haujlwm zoo. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum kho lub hauv siab kom sai li sai tau. Vim hais tias ib qho kev txav tsis tu ncua tsis tsuas yog ua rau mob, tab sis kuj ua rau muaj kev nce ntshav los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg puas. Txhawm rau kom ruaj khov ntawm cov pob txha tawg ntawm lub hauv siab, ib lub voj voog kho cov ntaub qhwv yog siv nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm pob txha ntawm cov tav. Nws tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov ntaub qhwv los yog cov ntaub ntawv improvised. Cov paj rwb-gauze pads yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw muaj peev xwm uas cov tav pob txha tshwm sim.
