Ib yam kab mob txaus ntshai tshaj plaws yog encephalopathy hauv menyuam yaus. Qhov no pathology tuaj yeem yog congenital lossis txhim kho hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm lub neej. Nws yog mob hlwb uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem loj. Lo lus "Encephalopathy" nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj yog to taub raws li ib pab pawg neeg ntawm lub paj hlwb kab mob ntawm non-inflammatory keeb kwm. Qhov teeb meem no tshwm sim rau ntau qhov laj thawj thiab tshwm sim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub hlwb. Tus kab mob no tshwm sim vim muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov hlab ntsha hauv cov hlab ntsha los ntawm cov ntshav tsis txaus, raug rau co toxins lossis kab mob, hypoxia.
Problem description
Encephalopathy hauv menyuam yaus yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ntawm lub hlwb uas tab tom loj hlob sai. Pathology feem ntau tshwm sim txawm nyob rau hauv lub fetal kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug me nyuam nyob rau hauv nees nkaum-yim lub lim tiam ntawm ib tug poj niam cev xeeb tub los yog ib lub lim tiam ua ntej yug me nyuam. Tus kab mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim tam sim lossis tom qab ob peb xyoos.
Thaum tus kab mobyog congenital, perinatal encephalopathy yog kuaj pom hauv cov menyuam yaus. Yog tias tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem kuaj pom thawj cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob thiab sau tshuaj kho tau zoo, hauv 90% ntawm cov neeg mob cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob tuaj yeem raug tso tseg, thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem yav tom ntej yuav raug txo mus rau xoom.
Tsis tas li, pathology tuaj yeem txhim kho raws li kev puas hlwb ntawm lub hlwb nyob rau txhua lub sijhawm. Hauv qhov no, peb hais txog tus kab mob kis tau. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog kev raug mob taub hau, teeb meem metabolic hauv lub cev, hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo.
Nrog tus kab mob no hauv cov menyuam yaus, cov ntshav mus rau lub hlwb raug cuam tshuam, vim nws tsis tau txais oxygen txaus. Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, cerebral encephalopathy nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam yog ib qho kev txawv txav thiab kab mob ntawm lub paj hlwb uas tshwm sim vim kev tuag ntawm nws cov paj hlwb.
kab mob
Hauv cov tshuaj, nws yog ib txwm ua kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov kab mob hauv qab no nyob ntawm kev raug mob:
- Vascular encephalopathy yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tsim cov hlab ntsha txawv txav, ua rau cov ntshav tsis txaus rau lub hlwb.
- Discirculatory, uas tawm ntawm cov ntshav cuam tshuam, raws li qhov tshwm sim hauv lub hlwb.
- Toxic, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam rau lub hlwb hlwb ntawm ntau yam co toxins nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov me nyuam mos, xws li jaundice los yog hemolytic syndrome. Hauv qhov kawg, peb tab tom tham txog bilirubin encephalopathy.
- Epileptic encephalopathy hauv menyuam yaustshwm sim los ntawm encephalitis lossis meningitis, uas tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm qaug dab peg.
- Hypertensive, nyob rau hauv uas neurocytes raug puas vim yog lub siab tsis tu ncua, ua rau lub raum thiab cov qog adrenal.
- Post-traumatic tsim vim lub hlwb puas, nrog rau thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm.
- Wernicke's disease tshwm sim thaum tsis muaj cov vitamins B, vim li no, cov hlwb hlwb tsis tau txais cov khoom noj txaus thiab tuag.
- Perinatal encephalopathy hauv cov menyuam yaus tsim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam rau hauv lub cev rau lub hlwb tsis zoo.
- Residular - tshwm sim thaum muaj hnub nyoog peb xyoos vim qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov yam tsis zoo ntawm lub hlwb.
ua rau ntawm pathology
Tus kab mob no feem ntau tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm cev xeeb tub, tab sis nws kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus vim muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam tsis zoo. Cov laj thawj feem ntau yog:
- Hereditary predisposition.
- Tus poj niam cev xeeb tub, hem nchuav menyuam lossis yug ntxov ntxov.
- menyuam yaus ua ntej.
- Yug raug mob.
- Kab mob thiab tshuaj thaum cev xeeb tub.
- Kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv menyuam yaus.
- Encephalopathy, tsis tau qhia, txhim kho hauv cov menyuam yaus yam tsis paub.
- Kab mob kis rau cov menyuam loj, xws li rubella.
Risk Factor
yam tsis zoo uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev txhim kho encephalopathy suav nrog:
- vascular aneurysm, lawv qhov tsis txaus;
- kab mob ntshav xws li toxoplasmosis, leukemia, qib bilirubin siab;
- kis kab mob thiab kis kab mob xws li jaundice, kab mob siab, mob npaws, mob ntsws thiab lwm yam;
- kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev;
- sepsis;
- maternal diabetes.
Npauj npaim ntawm cov menyuam yaus yog qhov muag heev. Thaum tau txais TBI, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem nce ntxiv txawm tias tom qab kho tau zoo. Encephalopathy feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus.
Ntau zaus, pathology txhim kho rau ntau qhov laj thawj ib zaug. Kev kho mob yuav nyob ntawm seb qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob, yog li lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm tus kws kho mob yog txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov ua rau muaj tus kab mob.
Symptoms and signs of disease
Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob tuaj yeem hloov maj mam lossis hais tau, yog li nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas tus me nyuam nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm ib tug neurologist. Qhov hnyav ntawm cov tsos mob yog nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub paj hlwb, nws qhov tshwm sim thiab muaj cov kab mob sib kis. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus menyuam, nrog rau qib ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub paj hlwb.
Feem ntau, cerebral encephalopathy hauv cov menyuam yaus muaj cov tsos mob hauv qab no:
- quaj thaum yug me nyuam;
- pab nqus nqus reflex;
- pw tsaug zog, quaj tas li;
- lub plawv dhia tsis sib haum;
- muscle tone disorder;
- strabismus thiab taub hau qaij;
- intracranial siab;
- kev nco thaum ntxov;
- mob siab lossis qaug zog;
- txhim kho neuroses nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm phobias thiab ntshai ntshai ntawm qee yam khoom thiab ib puag ncig phenomena.
Thaum tus kab mob no zuj zus lawm, tag nrho cov cim qhia tau meej dua. Cov menyuam yaus ua rau qaug zog, tsis meej pem, kev puas hlwb.
Cov tsos mob ntawm pathology nyob ntawm nws hom
Discirculatory thiab lom encephalopathy hauv cov menyuam yaus pom cov tsos mob ntawm kev pw tsaug zog, tus menyuam tsis tuaj yeem tsaug zog thiab quaj tas li, nws tsim muaj tus mob pseudo-neurasthenic. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kiv taub hau, kev sib koom tes tsis sib haum, ntshav siab, tsis hnov lus thiab tsis pom kev, qaug dab peg tshwm sim. Yog tias tsis kho, tus kab mob pib nce zuj zus, tus menyuam tsis tu ncua hauv lub xeev ntawm prostration, nws cov leeg nqaij nce, VVD txhim kho, tendon reflexes cuam tshuam.
Nrog bilirubin encephalopathy, tus me nyuam muaj cov tsos mob ntawm intoxication ntawm lub cev, tsis qab los noj mov, ua pa nyuaj, kub taub hau, dov qhov muag, nyob rau hauv mob hnyav, cerebral palsy yuav loj hlob. Thaum edema tshwm sim, lub paj hlwb loj tuaj, uas yog vim li cas tus me nyuam lub taub hau kuj loj tuaj.
Cov Teeb Meem thiab qhov tshwm sim
Feem ntau, perinatal encephalopathy hauv menyuam yaus (nws yog dab tsi, piav qhia saum toj no) tuaj yeem kho nrogKev kuaj mob raws sij hawm thiab kev kho mob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub hlwb puas, cov teeb meem feem ntau tshwm sim:
- mob taub hau;
- asthenic syndrome;
- mob vwm thiab hydrocephalus;
- neurosis thiab kev nyuaj siab;
- CP;
- dementia;
- Down Syndrome;
- schizophrenia hauv neeg laus;
- kab mob ntawm lub cev tsis pom kev.
qhov tshwm sim hnyav
Encephalopathy, uas yog nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos, paub ntau tus neeg, tus kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij txaus ntshai nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tsis muaj zaub mov ntawm lub hlwb. Yog li ntawd, lawv tuag, provoking ib tug nres nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob ntawm lub tseem ceeb departments thiab lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub cev. Nrog rau pathology ntawm ib hom sib xyaw, kev txhim kho ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub hlwb yog ua tau. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib cheeb tsam loj, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tuag yog siab. Cov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws hauv qhov no yog:
- pom kev poob;
- aphasia thiab dysarthria;
- ischemic stroke.
Thaum thawj cov tsos mob ntawm pathology, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau mus kawm tam sim ntawm kev kho mob txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm cov teeb meem thiab o ntawm lub hlwb.
ntsuas ntsuas
Perinatal thiab residual encephalopathy nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam, nws yog dab tsi - piav qhia nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, kuaj nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm anamnesis thiab ntsuam xyuas ntawm tus me nyuam, raws li zoo raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev soj ntsuam thiab ntsuas ntsuas. Thaum kuaj tus neeg mob, tus kws kho mob ntsuas ntshav siab, tom qab ntawd xa mus kuaj ntshav thiab zis,nrog rau cerebrospinal kua. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov ua rau ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm pathology, tus menyuam raug xa mus rau cov kev kuaj mob hauv qab no:
- MRI thiab CT.
- Angiography ntawm lub hlwb.
- Doppler and EEG.
- YUltrasound.
Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb saum toj no, cov menyuam yaus raug kuaj mob encephalopathy.
Kev kho mob
Kev kho yuav tsum tau pib tam sim tom qab thawj cov tsos mob ntawm pathology tshwm sim. Yuav tsum, txoj kev kho yuav tsum suav nrog kev noj zaub mov uas suav nrog kev cais tawm ntawm kev noj ntsev, cov rog txaus, thiab cov roj cholesterol. Nws raug nquahu kom siv cov khoom noj uas muaj ntau ntawm iodine, vitamins thiab ascorbic acid. Ua ke nrog qhov no, cov niam txiv yuav tsum muab tus menyuam taug kev sab nraum zoov, qoj ib ce kho mob, thiab zaws. Cov tshuaj ntsuab zoo tshem tawm cov cim qhia ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob, nws muaj peev xwm txo qis qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo ntawm pathology. Nws tuaj yeem siv cov roj yam tseem ceeb, xws li chamomile lossis lavender, ua ib txoj kev kho ntxiv.
kev kho mob
Kev kho mob encephalopathy hauv menyuam yaus yog txheej txheem ntev thiab nyuaj. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho yog tshem tawm qhov ua rau ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob pathology thiab kho cov hlwb cuam tshuam ntau li ntau tau. Tus kws kho mob sau cov tshuaj hauv qab no:
- Neuroprotectors kho cov hlwb puas.
- Tshuaj uas yog tsom rau kev txhim kho cov ntshav ncig thiab tawm ntawm venousntshav.
- tshuaj sedative lossis tranquilizers kom txo tau cov qog nqaij hlav hauv hlwb.
- Cov tshuaj Hormonal thiab vasodilator hauv daim ntawv txhaj tshuaj, xws li Papaverine lossis No-shpa.
- Tshuaj rau migraine thiab kiv taub hau.
- Vitamin thiab ntxhia complexes txhawm rau txhim kho cov txheej txheem metabolic hauv paj hlwb.
- Tshuaj uas tshem tawm cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob.
- Electrophoresis.
Tus kws kho mob xaiv cov tshuaj noj nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob thiab qib ntawm cov tsos mob. Tom qab ua tiav thawj chav kawm ntawm kev kho mob, tus menyuam tau sau npe nrog tus kws kho mob hlwb, thiab nws yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas ib ntus. Txoj kev kho nws tus kheej tuaj yeem ua tau raws li tus neeg mob sab nraud lossis hauv tsev kho mob raws li kev saib xyuas tas li ntawm cov kws kho mob. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav, encephalopathy hauv cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum tau siv tshuab ua pa, hemodialysis, lossis raj pub mis. Feem ntau, kev phais yuav tsum tau ua kom cov ntshav ncig hauv lub hlwb. Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj niaj hnub, xws li kev kho mob xws li qia cell transplantation yog xyaum. Cov kws kho mob hais tias cov txheej txheem no ua tau zoo heev.
Ua ke nrog tus menyuam no tau muab tshuaj zaws, qoj ib ce kho mob, tshuaj ntsuab, thiab tom qab kho thiab ua luam dej.
Huab cua
Kev ntsuas tus kab mob feem ntau yog qhov zoo nrog kev kho raws sijhawm. Cov menyuam yaus feem ntau rov zoo tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim los yog muaj teeb meem hauv cov neeg laus. Hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav, kev txhim kho ntawm cov txheej txheem irreversible yog ua tau, uasua rau muaj kev tsis taus. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov me nyuam muaj kev loj hlob qeeb, hydrocephalus, VSD, cerebral palsy, schizophrenia, epilepsy. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom pom thawj cov tsos mob ntawm pathology.
Kev Tiv Thaiv
txoj kev tiv thaiv muaj xws li:
- kho raws sijhawm ntawm kev kis kab mob thiab kis kab mob hauv tus poj niam cev xeeb tub lossis tus menyuam yug tshiab;
- tiv thaiv ntawm fetal hypoxia;
- tiv thaiv qhov cuam tshuam ntawm co toxins ntawm cov menyuam yaus lub cev;
- kev cais tawm ntawm kev quav tshuaj hauv tus poj niam cev xeeb tub.
Txhawm rau kom tsis suav nrog kev yug me nyuam, tus kws kho mob yuav tsum tau saib xyuas thiab raug, tus niam uas xav tau yuav tsum ua raws li tag nrho cov lus pom zoo ntawm obstetricians thiab tus kws kho mob thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Thaum tus me nyuam loj hlob tuaj, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ntxhov siab. Tus me nyuam yuav tsum tau qhia cov cai ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntawm txoj kev, hauv tsev thiab hauv cov chaw zov me nyuam kom tsis txhob raug mob taub hau. Cov niam txiv yuav tsum saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev noj haus ntawm cov menyuam yaus.
Kev kuaj mob encephalopathy hauv cov menyuam yaus yog qhov xwm txheej rau niam txiv. Tab sis tus kab mob no tuaj yeem kho tau, nws tsuas yog yuav tsum pib kho sai li sai tau. Yog tias kuaj pom pathology tam sim tom qab yug me nyuam, tus menyuam muaj txhua txoj hauv kev kom rov zoo tag nrho.
