Ib qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntau tshaj plaws ntawm txhua lub hnub nyoog yog kev kuaj zis tiav (CUA). Cov qauv hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus qhia txog kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov zis thiab qhov tsis muaj pathologies, kev tsis haum xeeb hauv lub cev. Nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog, kev siv qhov tseem ceeb yuav txawv heev. Tus qauv OAM hauv cov menyuam yaus yog qhov qhia txog kev loj hlob tag nrho, tsim cov kabmob hauv nruab nrog cev thiab lub cev.
Kev tshawb nrhiav cov zis
Feem ntau, tus kws kho mob tau xa mus rau qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no nrog rau kev kuaj ntshav dav dav. Kev tshawb fawb yog ua nyob rau lub sijhawm sib txawv. Hauv kev xyaum, cov menyuam yau yuav tsum tau sim ntau zaus dua li cov neeg laus thiab cov hluas.
Txawm tias qhov hloov pauv me me hauv lub cev tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau los ntawm kev txiav txim siab OAM hauv cov menyuam yaus. Cov qauv nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ntawm tag nrho cov ntsuasqhia tias tsis muaj qhov ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb, thaum qhov kev ua txhaum cai tsawg kawg yog ib qho ntawm cov qauv qhia tau hais tias yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas kom ntxaws ntxiv, kuaj mob thiab, tejzaum nws, kev kho mob. Kev soj ntsuam dav dav ntawm cov zis yog ib theem tseem ceeb ntawm kev kuaj mob, uas feem ntau yog cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb rau kev tiv thaiv. Paub txog cov qauv ntawm OAM hauv cov menyuam yaus, koj tuaj yeem tau txais ntau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub xeev kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus menyuam, txiav txim siab ntxiv cov kev taw qhia hauv kev kuaj mob.
Tsis zoo li kev kuaj ntshav, kev kuaj zis yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab tsis mob ntawm kev kuaj mob uas pom tau tias lub cev thiab lub cev tseem ceeb hauv lub cev puas ua haujlwm ruaj khov.
Kev sau cov zis zoo thiab nws cov khoom xa tuaj raws sijhawm rau kev kawm ua lub luag haujlwm loj hauv kev kuaj mob. Rau ntau dua, kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tsis yog nyob ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm noj qab haus huv xwb, tab sis kuj tseem nyob ntawm seb cov cai tswjfwm tseem ceeb rau kev sau cov khoom siv biomaterial los ntawm cov niam txiv. Thaum kawm tiav, nws yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab OAM hauv cov menyuam yaus. Txog tus qauv, tshaj lossis txo qis hauv qhov ntsuas, qhov xaus yog ua los ntawm tus kws kho mob tuaj koom.
Thaum koj yuav tsum tau kuaj zis dav dav
Qhia rau qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas ob qho tib si rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kev xav tias muaj kab mob ntawm cov kab mob genitourinary, plab, pancreas, siab, kab mob plawv. Yog tias tsis muaj kev tsis txaus siab thiab kev noj qab haus huv, nws raug nquahu kom kuaj zis tsawg kawg ib xyoos ib zaug.
Tus qauv OAM hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 3 xyoos thiab, piv txwv li, 15 xyoo sib txawv heev. Rau cov menyuam mos, ib qho kev tshuaj ntsuam tau raug sau tseg, raws li txoj cai, rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kuaj xyuas niaj hnub. Hauv cov menyuam mos, nws yuav tsum tau ua thaum muaj hnub nyoog 1, 3 thiab 12 lub hlis. Urinalysis, nqa tawm sai li sai tau tom qab yug me nyuam, pab txheeb xyuas qhov congenital anomalies nyob rau hauv lub intrauterine txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub zais zis, ob lub raum, txiav txim siab txawv txav nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm lub genitourinary system, uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tseem ceeb heev kom paub nyob rau hauv thawj lub hlis ntawm lub neej. Txij li thaum cov me nyuam mos tsis muaj peev xwm hais dab tsi thab lawv, deciphering OAM hauv cov me nyuam tuaj yeem muab cov lus teb rau ntau cov lus nug uas txaus siab.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov zis yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws los kuaj cov kab mob ntawm lub raum, siab, ureters, biliary tract. Kev kuaj zis tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev kuaj mob xws li cholecystitis, cystitis, urolithiasis, thiab txawm tias oncology.
Hom kev kuaj sim no feem ntau yog muab rau cov kab mob ua pa, thaum kho kab mob lossis kab mob. Txoj kev tshawb no yog muab rau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm ntawm tus kab mob, nrog rau cov yam ntxwv tsos mob, ua npaws tsis tu ncua. Yog tus mob khaub thuas tsis rov qab rau ib hlis lossis ntau dua, tus menyuam mob yuav tsum raug xa mus rau OAM. Cov qauv hauv cov menyuam yaus yuav hais tias kev kho mob raug xaiv raug, tab sis lub cev xav tau qee lub sijhawm kom rov zoo tag nrho. Txwv tsis pub, koj yuav tsum tau hloov kho cov cuab yeej kho mob sai lossis raug kuaj thib ob.
Nyob rau hauv cov kab mob kab mob ntawm sab sauvCov kab mob ua pa (tonsillitis lossis scarlet fever), nws raug nquahu kom xeem dhau ib lub lim tiam tom qab tso zis. Nws tseem yuav ua kom paub tseeb tias tus kab mob no tau zoo lawm.
xov xwm tiv thaiv
Raws li twb tau sau tseg lawm, feem ntau cov lus qhia rau kev kuaj zis dav dav yog kev kuaj mob niaj hnub. Nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam mos, nws yog nqa tawm tam sim ntawd tom qab yug me nyuam nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ntes tau congenital pathologies, nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm ib tug, peb lub hlis thiab ib xyoos, thiab ces txhua xyoo. Hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos, kev txiav txim siab ntawm OAM (urinalysis) yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb, vim tias lub sijhawm no nws tseem ceeb heev rau kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus menyuam. Qhov no yuav pab tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob loj nyob rau lub sijhawm, feem ntau ntawm cov menyuam mos yog kab mob urinary, cystitis, urethritis.
Ntxiv rau qhov kev tshuaj xyuas tiv thaiv tau teem tseg, qhov kev kuaj mob zoo li no yuav tsim nyog tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev kis mus ntev thiab cov txheej txheem inflammatory hauv lub cev. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev kuaj zis dav dav tau raug sau tseg txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov zoo ntawm kev rov qab los, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm txoj kev kho.
Yuav ua li cas sau biomaterial?
Kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv raug thiab txhim khu kev qha, koj yuav tsum ua raws qee cov cai hauv cov txheej txheem sau cov zis rau kev tshawb fawb:
- Ua ntej pib txheej txheem, koj yuav tsum ntxuav tus menyuam nrog dej sov yam tsis muaj xab npum.
- Koj yuav tsum khaws cov zis tso rau ntawm lub plab khoob thaum sawv ntxov, thaum tus menyuam sawv.
- Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau cov tais diav kom khaws cov khoom siv biomaterial - tso zisyuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub khob sterilized los yog yas ntim. Lub tsev muag tshuaj muag cov thawv tshwj xeeb rau lub hom phiaj no.
- Tom qab sau, tso zis tuaj yeem khaws cia tsis pub dhau peb teev, zoo dua rau hauv qhov chaw txias.
Yog li, tau txais cov khoom siv biomaterial, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum thauj mus rau hauv chav kuaj sai li sai tau.
Npaum cov zis los ntawm cov menyuam mos
Qhov no yog ib qho teeb meem tiag tiag, vim cov me nyuam mos yeej tswj tsis tau lawv cov zis. Yuav kom tau txais cov khoom siv biomaterial, cov niam txiv yuav tsum "ua haujlwm" nrog tus menyuam tsis muaj daim pawm nrog lub thawv tsis muaj menyuam. Txawm li cas los xij, niaj hnub no nws yooj yim dua los sau tus menyuam tso zis. Hauv txhua lub tsev muag tshuaj koj tuaj yeem pom cov khoom siv pov tseg me me - tso zis. Nws yog ib pob me me uas tsis muaj menyuam uas txuas rau sab nraud ntawm tus menyuam qhov chaw mos. Lub tso zis yog tsim nyog siv los ntawm ob leeg ntxhais thiab cov tub.
Lub pob tau yooj yim kho ntawm daim tawv nqaij nrog daim nplaum nplaum, uas nyob ntawm cov npoo ntawm lub qhov. Tsis tas yuav tos kom tso zis. Tom qab kho lub tso zis, tus menyuam tuaj yeem tso rau ntawm daim pawm, thiab tom qab ib ntus xyuas seb tus menyuam puas tso zis los tsis tau. Sai li cov khoom siv rau kev tshawb fawb tau sau, nws yog nchuav rau hauv lub tais uas tsis muaj menyuam.
Cov menyuam yaus muaj cov zis yooj yim dua. Yog tias tus me nyuam twb paub tswj cov txheej txheem tso zis, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kev huv ntawm lub lauj kaub ua ntej. Thaum tus menyuam tso zis rau hauv nws, koj tuaj yeem tso zis rau hauvthawv tshwj xeeb.
Cov cim qhia ntawm tus qauv
Kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas thawj zaug hauv cov menyuam yaus (OAM) tshwm sim hauv chav kuaj. Cov kws tshaj lij kawm txog cov khoom siv biomaterial raws li ntau yam qauv. Txhua qhov ntsuas muaj cov txiaj ntsig siv. Nrog kev sib txawv me ntsis ntawm OAM cov cai hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos thiab laus dua, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem sau tshuaj xyuas ntxiv.
Yog li, piv txwv li, txhawm rau txiav txim siab cov zis, nws cov xim yog qhov tseem ceeb. Qhov kev ntsuas no nyob ntawm qhov muaj cov xim pigments. Cov xim ntawm cov zis tej zaum yuav qhia tau ntau dua nrog kev noj haus ntau dhau, noj tshuaj. Hauv cov menyuam yaus noj qab haus huv, cov zis daj daj yog suav tias yog ib txwm muaj, thiab hauv cov menyuam loj hlob, amber-daj. Transparency kuj tseem ceeb. Qhov ntsuas no qhia tau tias muaj cov pob txha hauv cov zis. Feem ntau, nws yuav tsum yog pob tshab. Kev turbidity me ntsis tau tso cai yog tias cov khoom siv biomaterial raug xa mus rau chav kuaj 5 lossis ntau dua teev tom qab sau.
Qhov thib ob tseem ceeb qhov taw qhia yog qhov tsis hnov tsw, txawm tias cov ntaub ntawv hais txog nws tsis tau qhia hauv OAM cov txiaj ntsig. Feem ntau, hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 3 xyoos, cov tshuaj tsw qab ntawm cov zis yuav zoo ib yam li cov neeg laus. Cov zis muaj qhov txawv txav, me ntsis reminiscent ntawm tsw ntawm nqaij broth, thaum nyob rau hauv ib tug noj qab nyob zoo tus neeg yuav tsum tsis txhob ntse.
Qhov ntsuas tom ntej yog qhov ceev. Nws nyob ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov zis. Rau qhov ntau dua, qhov tshwj xeeb lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm cov zis qhia txog kev pom kev ua haujlwm ntawm ob lub raum. Nrog rau cov zis ntau ntxiv, lub cev qhuav dej yog xav tias. Qhov ntsuas no ntawm OAM hauv cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum ib txwmnyob rau hauv cov kev txwv hauv qab no:
- thawj hnub tom qab yug - 1008-1018 mg/l;
- txog rau rau lub hlis - 1002-1003 mg/l;
- ntawm rau lub hlis mus rau peb xyoos - 1006-1009 mg/l;
- peb txog tsib xyoos - 1010-1019 mg/l;
- thaum muaj xya xyoo - 1008-1021 mg/l;
- tom qab 10 xyoo – 1011-1025 mg/l.
Ntxim qab kawg, nrog kev noj zaub mov ntau dhau ntawm cov zaub mov muaj protein ntau, tso zis ntau ntxiv, thiab nrog kev noj fiber ntau, nws txo qis.
Thaum kawm cov zis ntawm tus neeg laus lossis menyuam yaus, xws li qhov ntsuas acidity yog suav nrog. Nws qhia qhov feem pua ntawm alkali thiab acid nyob rau hauv cov zis. Qhov kev ntsuas no tsis ruaj khov, vim nws hloov pauv tas li nyob ntawm kev noj haus. Qib pH suav tias yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 5-7 units.
Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab lwm yam ntxwv
Qhov kev siv tus nqi ntawm TAM, raws li lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, tso cai rau koj los ntsuas lub xeev kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus menyuam. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ntsuas no tsis tas li thiab yuav tsum hloov pauv hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog. Feem ntau, OAM nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus pom tias tsis muaj ntau yam tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov zis. Yog li, piv txwv li, hauv tus menyuam noj qab haus huv, lawv tsis pom hauv cov zis:
- Proteins yog cov organic ua los ntawm cov amino acids. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv cov zis qhia tau hais tias ib tug inflammatory txheej txheem nyob rau hauv lub urinary system. Qhov tshwj xeeb yog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tsom xam cov zis ntawm cov menyuam mos - hauv cov menyuam mos ntawm thawj hnub ntawm lub neej, kev tso cai me ntsis ntawm cov protein (txog 5 mg / l) tau tso cai.
- Glucose yog ib qho yooj yim carbohydrate. Yog nwsnkag mus rau hauv cov zis, uas txhais tau hais tias nws cov concentration hauv cov ntshav yog overestimated. Hauv cov menyuam mos, cov piam thaj tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov zis tom qab noj mov.
- Bilirubin yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom hauv cov kua tsib. Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob nyob rau hauv cov zis, ib yam li urobilinogen, ib feem tsim los ntawm bilirubin.
- Ketone lub cev yog cov tshuaj lom los ntawm cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov rog thiab carbohydrate metabolism. Ketone lub cev tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov zis nrog kev noj zaub mov muaj protein ntau thiab rog thiab tsis muaj carbohydrates. Lub xub ntiag nyob rau hauv cov zis ntawm indican, ib yam khoom uas muab los ntawm indoxyl, tsis raug tso cai.
Nyob rau hauv cov zis ntawm tus menyuam noj qab nyob zoo, ib tug me me ntawm cov hlwb ntawm lub Upper epithelial txheej yuav tshwm sim. Lawv nkag mus rau cov qauv los ntawm sab nrauv ntawm lub epidermis thaum lub sij hawm sau ntawm biomaterial. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov hnoos qeev thiab lub tog raj kheej hauv cov zis (cov no yog cov kab mob me me ntawm cov kab noj hniav ntawm lub raum tubules) qhia txog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm ob lub raum, uas tsis ua tiav lawv cov haujlwm pom..
tso zis hauv tus menyuam noj qab nyob zoo yog cov kua dej tsis huv kiag li. Cov kab mob pathogenic tuaj yeem muaj nyob rau hauv cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob genitourinary lossis tsis ua raws li kev cai huv huv thaum khaws cov zis. Feem ntau, E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterococcus thiab lactobacilli muaj nyob rau hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam.
Cov txheej txheem mob thiab kis kab mob hauv lub raum, zais zis thiab zis tuaj yeem ua pov thawj los ntawm cov qe ntshav liab thiab dawb - erythrocytes thiab leukocytes. Feem ntau, lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob tso zis, tab sis hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos hauv OAM tuaj yeemmuaj tsawg tus xwb.
Oxalates, phosphates, urates yog cov ntsev ntsev, feem pua ntawm cov khoom ncaj qha nyob ntawm tus menyuam noj thiab qib ntawm nws lub cev ua si. Thaum deciphering OAM hauv cov menyuam yaus, tus kws kho mob yuav tsum coj qhov no mus rau hauv tus account.
Kev sib txawv los ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus tsis zoo
Tsis tas li qhov ntau dhau lossis txo qis ntawm cov kev ntsuas ib txwm qhia tau hais tias muaj kab mob. Cov zis yog cov kua roj ntsha uas muaj ntau yam organic tebchaw. Cov zis yog raws li dej, uas muaj ntau pua microcomponents, thaum feem ntau ntawm lawv tsis muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb.
Nyob ib hnub, 30-50 g ntawm cov khoom qhuav (ntsev thiab urea) raug tso tawm los ntawm cov kab mob genitourinary ntawm tus menyuam, txog 70-80 g ntawm cov neeg laus - txog 70-80 g. Organoleptic tsis, suav nrog ntxoov ntxoo, tsw, qib ntawm pob tshab thiab ntau qhov ntsuas ntawm cov zis, tuaj yeem qhia tau tias muaj ntau yam teeb meem hauv cov zis.
Raws li twb tau sau tseg lawm, ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb tau saib xyuas cov xim ntawm cov zis. Feem ntau, nws yuav tsum yog lub teeb daj lossis straw. Yog cov zis daj daj, qhia kom lub cev qhuav dej lossis teeb meem plawv. Ib qho yuav luag xim av ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov zis yuav qhia tau hais tias ib tug malfunction nyob rau hauv daim siab, yam ntxwv ntawm lub gallbladder. Ib qho xim liab, nco txog cov nqaij slops, feem ntau pom nrog hematuria. Xws liQhov tshwm sim tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm cov kab mob sib kis ntawm lub raum, kev raug mob rau thaj tsam lumbar, muaj pob zeb lossis xuab zeb hauv cov zis.
Turbid zis kuj qhia txog cov txheej txheem pathological hauv ob lub raum lossis zais zis. Transparency txo qis nrog kev nce hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qe ntshav thiab urea, nrog rau thaum cov hlwb epithelial nkag mus rau lub sijhawm sau ntawm biomaterial.
Yog tias koj cov zis muaj ntxhiab tsw zoo, koj tus menyuam yuav muaj lub cev qhuav dej. Cov ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab ntawm cov zis tuaj yeem yog cov tsos mob ntawm ntshav qab zib. Yog tias cov kua tsw tsw zoo li acetone, qhov mob hauv lub zais zis raug kuaj pom. Cov ntxhiab tsw ntawm rot qhia tau hais tias muaj kab mob ntawm cov kab mob tso zis, kom paub tseeb tias, ntxiv rau UAM, cov menyuam yaus raug tso zis kab lis kev cai.
Ntau Hnub
Cov kua dej tsis txaus tso tawm thaum nruab hnub tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb. Cov qauv ntawm cov zis ntim nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus menyuam thiab suav nrog cov qauv hauv qab no: 100 x (L-1) + 600, qhov L yog tus lej xyoo.
Kev nce zis txhua hnub tsis suav tias yog pathological yog tias nws tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv cov dej haus diuretic, txiv kab ntxwv, thiab lwm yam. Kev txwv tsis pub haus dej, tawm hws ntau, ntuav lossis raws plab ua rau txo qis hauv cov diuresis. Hauv cov menyuam mos ntxov ntxov, txo diuresis yog suav tias yog ib txwm, tab sis yog tias tus menyuam tsis tso zis rau 12-18 teev, anuria raug kuaj pom.
Kab mob raum thiab tso zis hauv cov menyuam yaus
AwCov pathologies no feem ntau muaj pov thawj los ntawm cov ntshav, casts thiab ntsev hauv cov zis. Cov qauv biomaterial raug tshuaj xyuas nyob rau hauv lub tshuab kuaj kab mob. Yog tias xav tias muaj kab mob pathology, kev kuaj ntshav dav dav (CBC) tau ua nyob rau tib lub sijhawm. Kev txiav txim siab OAM hauv cov menyuam yaus (tus qauv ntawm ntau qhov ntsuas yuav txawv nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog thiab poj niam txiv neej ntawm tus menyuam) suav nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb:
- erythrocytes;
- leukocytes;
- kab mob;
- sav.
YThaum erythrocytes tshwm sim hauv cov zis, cov kab mob raum rau tus menyuam yaus xws li pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, cystitis tau qhia. Lub concentration ntawm cov qe ntshav liab qee zaum nce nrog cov kab mob kis thiab tshuaj lom neeg lub cev hnyav. Cov qe ntshav liab me me tuaj yeem pom thaum lub cev ua haujlwm dhau.
Feem ntau, cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj leukocytes hauv OAM. Lawv cov tsos kuj qhia tau hais tias lub raum tsis ua hauj lwm, ib tug inflammatory txheej txheem los yog purulent. Yog tias kuaj pom leukocytes hauv cov zis ntawm cov menyuam ntxhais, nws raug nquahu kom kuaj xyuas dua, vim cov qe ntshav dawb tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov zis los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub labia.
Cov kab mob, raws li tau sau tseg, tshwm sim hauv cov zis rau ib qho ntawm ob qho laj thawj: kev kis kab mob ntawm cov zis lossis tso zis tsis raug. Cov ntsiab lus ntsev nce nrog kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo, feem ntau yog cov khoom noj muaj roj thiab qab zib. Qhov ntau tshaj ntawm oxalates, urates, phosphates hauv cov zis yog qhov zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm urolithiasis.
Lwm txoj kev kawm tsis muaj
Ntxiv rau cov qauv saum toj no, hauvnyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm biomaterial, lwm yam ntxwv ntawm cov zis kuj raug soj ntsuam. Hauv particular, cov kws kho mob txaus siab rau qhov ceev thiab acid-base tshuav nyiaj li cas - cov ntsuas no kuj tau sau tseg hauv cov txiaj ntsig kev tshuaj ntsuam. OAM hauv cov menyuam yaus tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab txog kev ua haujlwm thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lub raum system, nws muaj peev xwm lim, yaj ntau cov tebchaw. Txo cov zis ceev yog pom nrog lub cev qhuav dej. Yog tias qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov zis nce siab, ib qho ntawm cov hauv qab no yuav tshwm sim:
- siab tsis ua hauj lwm;
- nephrotic syndrome;
- mob ntshav qab zib mellitus;
- arrhythmia.
Cov menyuam yaus uas nws qib pH tsis ncav cuag tsib units raug kev txom nyem los ntawm hyperacidity. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo li no pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov menyuam mos uas muaj ntshav qab zib hom 2, nrog rau cov menyuam yaus uas noj ntau cov khoom noj nqaij. Tus nqi pH saum toj no 7 qhia tias muaj acidity tsawg hauv lub cev thiab, vim li ntawd, cov kab mob loj heev ntawm cov zis, kab mob ntawm lub raum. Ib qho teeb meem zoo sib xws tshwm sim hauv cov neeg laus uas ua raws li cov cai noj zaub mov noj.
Ketone lub cev txheeb xyuas hauv cov zis yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb - cov no yog cov khoom lwj ntawm cov rog thiab carbohydrates. Kev nce hauv lawv cov concentration ua rau muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov piam thaj hauv lub cev. Feem ntau, ketonuria raug kuaj pom hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua tsib xyoos thiab ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm acetonemic syndrome. Thaum deciphering OAM hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos, ketonuria yog qhov tsawg heev.
Yuav ua li cas yog qhov sib txawv ntawmnormal?
Panic thiab txiav txim siab nrawm tsis tsim nyog. Tom qab tau txais cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj zis dav dav, nws yuav tsum tau sab laj nrog tus kws kho mob. Tsis yog txhua qhov kev sib txawv ntawm qhov ntsuas ib txwm yog qhov ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom 100% tshem tawm cov distortion ntawm cov kev tshwm sim ntawm kev soj ntsuam kuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov ua rau yuam kev tuaj yeem yog noj tshuaj lossis cov vitamins, kev hloov pauv hauv cheeb tsam huab cua, kev kub ntxhov hnyav thiab lwm yam xwm txheej.
Txhawm rau kuaj mob thiab sau tshuaj kho mob, tsis yog tsuas yog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam tseem ceeb, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov duab kho mob, tus neeg mob qhov kev tsis txaus siab, thiab qhov tshwm sim atypical. Yog tias tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb xav tias muaj mob hnyav, tom qab ntawd txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov kev kuaj mob, nws tuaj yeem sau ntawv rau kev tshawb fawb thib ob txhawm rau txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov ua tau yuam kev hauv qhov kev sim ntsuas thiab lees paub nws qhov kev xav.
