Muaj 3 hom hlab ntsha hauv tib neeg lub cev. Lawv txhua tus ua haujlwm tseem ceeb. Cov no suav nrog cov hlab ntsha, cov hlab ntsha, thiab lymphatics. Tag nrho cov formations no nyob thoob plaws hauv lub cev. Lymphatic thiab venous hlab ntsha sau cov kua los ntawm txhua qhov kev tsim anatomical. Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm kev thaiv, kev ua txhaum loj tshwm sim. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov kua roj ntsha tawm mus tas li.
Thoracic lymphatic duct - lub cev no yog dab tsi?
Raws li koj paub, lymphatic formations yog cais raws li lub cev ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev, vim hais tias muaj peev xwm los tua ntau yam kab mob nyob ntawm nws txoj haujlwm. Ib qho ntawm cov kab mob loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov kab ke no yog lub thoracic lymphatic duct. Nws qhov ntev yog li ntawm 30 txog 40 cm. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev no yog txhawm rau khaws cov qog ntshav los ntawm txhua qhov kev tsim kho lub cev.
Cov qauv histological ntawm lub thoracic duct zoo li cov ntaub so ntswg venous. Nws sab hauv yog lined nrog endothelium (raws li nyob rau hauv lwm cov hlab ntsha). Kuj suav nrog hauv cov ntaubmuaj cov elastic thiab collagen fibers. Muaj cov li qub nyob rau hauv lub plhaub sab hauv ntawm cov kav dej. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, cov qog ntshav nce siab. Qhov nruab nrab txheej ntawm lub thoracic duct yog sawv cev los ntawm cov nqaij leeg du. Yog li, lub suab yog khaws cia thiab lub cev tau cog lus. Sab nraud, lub duct muaj cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas. Nyob rau theem ntawm lub diaphragm, phab ntsa ntawm lub cev thickens.
qauv ntawm lymphatic system
Cov kab mob lymphatic ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub cev. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tiv thaiv cov khoom tsis zoo. Lub thoracic lymphatic duct, nrog rau cov hlab ntsha thiab cov nodes, muaj nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm lub cev. Yog li ntawd, nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm o, cov formations pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug txhim khu kev qha atherosclerosis. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kab mob lymphatic zoo sib xws rau cov hlab plawv. Ua tsaug rau lawv, cov tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Qhov system no yog sawv cev los ntawm lub cev hauv qab no:
- Lymphatic capillaries. Nyob rau hauv cov qauv, cov formations zoo ib yam li cov hlab ntsha, tab sis lawv cov phab ntsa yog thinner. Capillaries muaj nyob rau hauv txhua lub cev thiab daim ntawv sib txuas. Lawv tau txais cov kua dej interstitial, nrog rau tag nrho cov protein thiab cov rog uas tsim nyog.
- Lymph nodes. Lawv nyob ze ntawm txhua lub cev raws li cov hlab ntsha thiab cov hlab ntsha. Nyob rau hauv cov leeg, cov qog ntshav yog ntxuav - pom. Cov tshuaj phem thiab cov tshuaj lom yog inactivated. Cov nodes muaj nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm lub cev, vim lawv tsim lymphocytes. Cov hlwb no xav tau los tua cov kab mob.
- Lymphatic hlab ntsha. Lawv txuas capillaries thiab nodes rau ib leeg. Tom qab ntawd cov hlab ntsha mus rau qhov loj duaformations - ducts. Muaj ntau ntau cov lymph sau los ntawm tag nrho cov nruab nrog cev. Tom qab ntawd nws yog ua tiav, tom qab uas nws nkag mus rau hauv lub venous system. Lub thoracic lymphatic duct khaws cov kua dej los ntawm sab laug ib nrab ntawm lub cev thiab cov khoom nruab nrog cev.
- Spleen. Ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov ntshav depot.
- Txoj kab mob lymphatic. Nws sau cov kua los ntawm cov seem anatomical formations. Ntawm lawv yog sab xis sab sauv, ib nrab ntawm lub taub hau thiab caj dab.
- Thymus yog lub caj pas thymus. Lub cev no tsim tau zoo rau cov menyuam yaus. Nws yog tsim ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob - T-lymphocytes.
- Tonsils.
- Lymph yog cov kua dej uas ntws los ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab cov pob tw uas ntws mus rau hauv cov ducts.
Tag nrho cov kev tsim tawm no sib cuam tshuam. Yog tias ib qho ntawm cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov kab mob lymphatic puas, lwm qhov ntawm cov kab mob lymphatic kuj raug cuam tshuam. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev cuam tshuam tshwm sim thoob plaws lub cev.
Cov chav kawm ntawm lub thoracic lymphatic duct: anatomy
Sab laug thiab sab xis lumbar lymphatic lub cev koom nrog kev tsim cov kab mob hauv lub cev. Ntawd yog, lub cev yog tsim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw retroperitoneal. Lub thoracic duct pib qhov twg thiab qhov twg nws khoob? Sab xis thiab sab laug trunks sib koom ua ke nyob rau theem ntawm lub xeem (12th) thoracic thiab 2nd lumbar vertebrae. Hauv qee tus neeg, lwm 1-3 cov hlab ntsha ntws mus rau hauv lub thoracic duct. Cov no yog cov kab mob plab hnyuv uas nqa cov qog ntshav tawm ntawm cov leeg ntawm lub mesentery.
Nyob rau theem ntawm lub diaphragm, cov duct tau muab faib ua 2 ntu - lub plab thiabhauv siab. Thawj yog tsim los ntawm lub network ntawm mesenteric, lumbar thiab celiac lymph nodes. Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv lub plab ib feem ntawm lub duct muaj ib tug cone-puab (ampulla-shaped) extension - ib tug cistern. Qhov no anatomical tsim txuas mus rau txoj cai crus ntawm lub diaphragm. Vim li ntawd, thaum ua pa, cov qog ntshav raug thawb.
Qhov thoracic ntawm cov duct pib ntawm theem ntawm aortic qhib nyob rau hauv lub diaphragm. Mus txog 3-5 vertebrae, lub nkoj deviates rau sab laug. Raws li txoj hlab pas, bronchomediastinal, jugular thiab subclavian lymphatic trunks ntws mus rau hauv nws. Lawv sau cov kua dej los ntawm sab caj npab, ib nrab ntawm lub hauv siab, caj dab thiab lub taub hau. Nyob rau theem ntawm 7th vertebra, lub nkoj tsim ib qho arc. Tom qab ntawd, lub thoracic lymphatic duct ntws mus rau sab laug venous lub kaum sab xis. Muaj ib lub valve ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm lub nkoj. Nws yog tsim nyog los tiv thaiv reflux ntawm cov ntshav los ntawm lub venous system.
Qhov chaw ntawm lymphatic thoracic duct
Topography ntawm lub thoracic lymphatic duct yog qhov chaw ntawm lub cev nyob rau hauv relation mus rau lwm yam anatomical formations. Lub plab ib feem ntawm cov hlab ntsha loj no nyob tom qab ntawm txoj hlab pas thiab nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm tus txha caj qaum. Nkag mus rau hauv lub hauv siab kab noj hniav, duct nkag mus rau posterior mediastinum. Nyob ntawd nws yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub aorta thiab cov hlab ntsha uas tsis sib xws. Nyob rau theem ntawm 2-3 thoracic vertebrae, cov duct tawm hauv qab txoj hlab pas thiab nce siab dua.
Pem ntej ntawm nws yog: sab laug subclavian leeg, cov hlab ntsha carotid thiab cov hlab ntsha vagus. Yog li, lub cev yog nyob rau hauv lub Upper mediastinum. Mus rau sab laug ntawm tus kwj deglub pleura nyob, qab - qaum, thiab sab xis - txoj hlab pas. Lub koov ntawm lub thoracic duct yog tsim nyob rau theem ntawm cov hlab ntsha - cov hlab ntsha jugular thiab cov hlab ntsha carotid. Nws khoov ib ncig ntawm lub pleural dome, thiab ces kis mus rau hauv lub qhov ncauj. Muaj lub cev ntws mus rau sab laug venous kaum.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub thoracic lymphatic duct
Lub thoracic duct ua haujlwm hauv qab no:
- Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev no yog txhawm rau khaws cov kua dej sib txuas los ntawm cov kabmob sab hauv thiab sab laug ib nrab ntawm lub cev.
- Kev thauj cov protein tseem ceeb rau hauv cov hlab ntsha.
- Fat kuj nkag mus rau hauv plab hnyuv lymphatic hlab ntsha. Tom qab ntawd lawv nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha.
- Lymph lim. Hauv cov pob txha thiab cov ducts, cov kua tau tshem tawm cov khoom tsis zoo.
- Kev tsim ntawm B-lymphocytes uas ua haujlwm tiv thaiv lub cev.
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov kab mob hauv lub cev tsis tuaj yeem ua rau nws tus kheej. Nws txoj haujlwm yog ua tiav nrog kev sib koom ua haujlwm ntawm txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Qhov chaw ntawm cov hlab ntsha lymphatic hauv lub cev
Raws li cas lub cev nqaij daim tawv ntawm lub thoracic lymphatic duct yog teem, ib tug tuaj yeem nkag siab txog qhov twg cov hlab ntsha nyob. Lawv nyob thoob plaws hauv lub cev. Vascular lymphatic plexuses tawm ntawm txhua qhov kev tsim kho anatomical. Tom qab ntawd lawv mus raws cov hlab ntsha thiab cov hlab ntsha. Nyob ze ntawm txhua lub cev muaj cov kab mob qog noj ntshav. Nyob rau hauv lawv, cov kua roj ntsha yog enriched nrog lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Los ntawm cov nodes, efferent hlab ntsha yog tsim uas ntws mus rau hauvnyob rau hauv lymphatic. Nyob rau hauv lem, cov formations sib koom ua ke rau hauv txoj cai thiab thoracic ducts. Tom ntej no los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm lymphatic thiab cov hlab ntsha.
Thoracic duct raug mob: cov tsos mob
Nyob ntawm theem ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov kab mob lymphatic, ntau yam kev kho mob tuaj yeem pom. Cov kab mob no belongs rau loj anatomical formations, yog li ntawd, yog hais tias lub hlab ntsha no raug mob, yuav tsum tau kho mob ceev ceev. Ib qho lesion kuj txhais tau hais tias txhaws ntawm cov duct lossis o ntawm nws phab ntsa. Koj tuaj yeem ntsib cov tsos mob hauv qab no:
- mob leeg thiab qaug zog.
- Neuralgia.
- Kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm txoj hnyuv, plab thiab txoj hlab pas.
- Poob lub cev hnyav lossis, hloov pauv, qhov hnyav nce.
- kab mob kis ntawm ENT kab mob thiab daim nyias nyias ntawm lub hlwb.
- Metabolic ntshawv siab.
- daim tawv nqaij pathologies.
- plaub hau poob ntawm qhov cuam tshuam.
- Arrhythmias.
Kab mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha lymphatic thiab nodes: kuaj mob
Nyob rau hauv cov kab mob inflammatory ntawm cov hlab ntsha lymphatic thiab nodes, lawv loj tuaj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, hyperemia thiab ib cheeb tsam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias nce. Cov nodes ua denser, nrog palpation, tsis xis nyob tau sau tseg. Yog hais tias cov txheej txheem oncological nyob rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav lymphatic xav tias, ib tug biopsy thiab histological tsom xam. Tsis tas li, cov txheej txheem kuaj mob suav nrog ultrasound, suav tomography.
KKuv yuav tsum hu rau tus kws kho mob twg yog tias kuv xav tias muaj kab mob ntawm lub plab?
Yog tias koj muaj cov kab mob ua pa tsis tu ncua, tawv nqaij, cov leeg thiab cov hlab ntsha intercostal, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog kws kho mob. Nws tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas cov kab mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv lub thoracic nrog kev pab los ntawm kev kawm tshwj xeeb ntawm lymphography. Yog tias koj xav tias o lossis txheej txheem oncological, koj yuav tsum hu rau koj tus kws kho mob, uas yuav xa koj mus rau tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb (immunologist, oncologist, physiotherapist).
