Npaj npaim lymphatic. tib neeg lymphatic hlab ntsha. Cov kab mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha lymphatic

Cov txheej txheem:

Npaj npaim lymphatic. tib neeg lymphatic hlab ntsha. Cov kab mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha lymphatic
Npaj npaim lymphatic. tib neeg lymphatic hlab ntsha. Cov kab mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha lymphatic

Video: Npaj npaim lymphatic. tib neeg lymphatic hlab ntsha. Cov kab mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha lymphatic

Video: Npaj npaim lymphatic. tib neeg lymphatic hlab ntsha. Cov kab mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha lymphatic
Video: Tshuaj theem vim li cas thiaj tau nqi ?/ Siv kho mob dab tsi?/paris polyphylla use for? 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Yog tias muaj lub cev hauv lub cev, ces muaj qee yam ua rau nws. Cov haujlwm ntawm cov ceg ntawm cov qauv yog nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Txoj haujlwm no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg cov hlab ntshav thiab lymphatic systems. Cov ntsiab lus noj qab haus huv ntawm cov qauv no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob. Tom ntej no, peb yuav txheeb xyuas kom meej ntxiv txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntshav thiab lymphatic hlab ntsha. Cia peb pib nrog qhov tseeb.

lymphatic hlab ntsha
lymphatic hlab ntsha

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Tib neeg cov hlab ntsha lymphatic yog sawv cev los ntawm cov qauv sib txawv uas ua haujlwm qee yam. Yog li, faib:

  • Capillaries.
  • Cov pob tw loj (thoracic thiab txoj kab ducts).
  • Ntxiv-thiab cov hlab ntsha hauv lub cev.

Tsis tas li, cov qauv yog cov leeg nqaij thiab cov leeg tsis muaj leeg. Tus nqi ntws thiab siab (hemodynamic tej yam kev mob) yog ze rau cov uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub venous txaj. Yog hais tias peb tham txog cov qauv ntawm cov hlab ntsha lymphatic, ces nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau nco ntsoov lub zoo-tsim txheej txheej. Valves yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem sab hauv.

Capillary

Lub hlab ntsha lymphatic no txawvphab ntsa permeable txaus. Lub capillary muaj peev xwm nqus tau cov suspensions thiab colloidal daws. Cov channels tsim cov tes hauj lwm uas sawv cev rau qhov pib ntawm lymphatic system. Kev sib txuas, capillaries tsim cov channel loj dua. Txhua cov hlab ntsha lymphatic kis mus rau cov leeg subclavian los ntawm caj dab thiab sternum.

kev txav ntawm lymph los ntawm cov hlab ntsha lymphatic
kev txav ntawm lymph los ntawm cov hlab ntsha lymphatic

Txhawm cov ntsiab lus raws li channel

Kev txav ntawm cov qog ntshav los ntawm cov hlab ntsha lymphatic yog nqa tawm raws lub ncauj tsev menyuam mus rau hauv lub txaj venous. Hauv cheeb tsam thoracic, muaj kev tawm ntawm txhua lub cev (tshwj tsis yog lub taub hau). Ob lub ducts nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha subclavian. Hauv lwm lo lus, tag nrho cov kua dej uas nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg rov qab mus rau cov ntshav rov qab. Hauv qhov no, raws li kev txav ntawm lymph los ntawm cov hlab ntsha lymphatic, cov kua dej yog nqa tawm. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob pathological tshwm sim. Nws hu ua lymphoedema. Nws cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws suav nrog o hauv cov ceg ceg.

System muaj nuj nqi

Lymphatic hlab ntsha thiab cov nodes feem ntau ua kom muaj kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua hauv ib puag ncig sab hauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub kaw lus ua haujlwm hauv qab no:

  • Kev thauj khoom noj los ntawm txoj hnyuv mus rau cov leeg.
  • Muab kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov ntshav, lub cev thiab cov ntaub so ntswg.
  • Koom nrog cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv kab mob.
  • Muab cov khoom xa rov qab ntawm electrolytes, dej, protein rau cov ntshav los ntawm qhov chaw intercellular.
  • Neutralizes teeb meem compounds.

Nodes khiav raws cov hlab ntsha lymphatic. Lawv muaj kua. lymph nodesmuab cov kua dej ntau lawm thiab kev tiv thaiv thaiv-filtration (ua macrophages). Lub outflow yog tswj los ntawm lub paj hlwb sympathetic system.

Kev sib tham ntawm cov qauv

Nyob ze ze rau cov ntshav, lymphatic capillaries pib dig muag. Lawv yog ib feem ntawm cov qauv ntawm microvasculature. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev sib raug zoo thiab kev sib txuas ntawm lub cev ntawm cov ntshav thiab cov hlab ntsha lymphatic. Los ntawm cov hemocapillaries, cov ntsiab lus tsim nyog nkag mus rau cov khoom tseem ceeb. Los ntawm nws, nyob rau hauv lem, ntau yam tshuaj nkag mus rau hauv lub lymphocapillaries. Cov no yog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, cov khoom ntawm cov txheej txheem metabolic, kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm cov kab mob pathological, cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Enriched thiab purified lymph nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Qhov no yog li cas qhov chaw ib puag ncig hauv lub cev thiab cov tshuaj intercellular (qhov tseem ceeb) tau hloov kho.

kab mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha lymphatic
kab mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha lymphatic

Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv

Cov ntshav me me thiab cov hlab ntsha lymphatic muaj qhov sib txawv (qhov kawg yog qhov loj dua). Cov endotheliocytes ntawm yav dhau los yog 3-4 lub sij hawm loj dua cov tom kawg. Lymphcapillaries tsis muaj lub hauv paus membrane thiab pericytes, thiab xaus qhov muag tsis pom. Cov qauv no tsim ib lub network thiab ntws mus rau hauv me me extraorganic lossis intraorganic channels.

Postcapillaries

Intraorganic efferent channels yog cov leeg tsis muaj nqaij (fibrous) cov qauv. Txhua lub lymphatic hlab ntsha muaj txoj kab uas hla ntawm 40 microns. Endotheliocytes nyob rau hauv cov channel pw ntawm ib tug tsis muaj zog daim nyias nyias. Hauv qab nws yog elastic thiab collagen fibers uas dhau mus rau sab nrauvplhaub. Post-capillary channels ua haujlwm ua kua dej.

Extraorgan txaj

Cov hlab ntsha no loj dua hauv cov caliber dua li yav dhau los thiab raug suav hais tias yog sab nraud. Lawv nyob rau cov qauv ntawm cov leeg nqaij. Yog tias cov hlab ntsha lymphatic superficial (Latin - vasa lymphatica superficialia) nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm thaj tsam sab saud ntawm lub cev, caj dab, ntsej muag, ces muaj ob peb myocytes hauv nws. Yog tias cov channel hla dhau lub cev thiab ob txhais ceg, ces muaj cov leeg nqaij ntau dua.

Nruab nrab ntsuas cov qauv

Cov no yog cov leeg nqaij. Cov qauv ntawm cov hlab ntsha lymphatic ntawm pab pawg no muaj qee yam nta. Tag nrho peb lub plhaub tau zoo heev hauv lawv cov phab ntsa: sab nrauv, nruab nrab thiab sab hauv. Cov tom kawg yog sawv cev los ntawm endothelium dag ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog, subendothelium (nws muaj ntau txoj kev ywj pheej thiab collagen fibers), nrog rau plexuses ntawm elastic fibers.

tib neeg lymphatic hlab ntsha
tib neeg lymphatic hlab ntsha

Valves thiab plhaub

Cov ntsiab lus no cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg. Cov li qub tau tsim ua tsaug rau lub plhaub sab hauv. Lub hauv paus yog lub phaj fibrous. Hauv nws qhov chaw muaj cov leeg nqaij du. Lub phaj yog them los ntawm endothelium. Qhov nruab nrab sheath ntawm cov ducts yog tsim los ntawm bundles ntawm cov leeg nqaij. Lawv raug coj obliquely thiab ncig. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub plhaub yog sawv cev los ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg (xoo) cov ntaub so ntswg. Cov fibers no tsim cov qauv sab nrauv. Nws cov ntsiab lus sib xyaw rau hauv cov ntaub ib puag ncig.

YThoracic duct

Lub hlab ntsha lymphatic no muajphab ntsa, muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm uas yog zoo ib yam li cov qauv ntawm inferior vena cava. Lub plhaub sab hauv yog sawv cev los ntawm endothelium, subendothelium thiab plexus ntawm elastic sab hauv fibers. Thawj yog nyob rau ntawm ib qho tsis muaj zog uas qhia hauv qab daus membrane. Lub subendothelium muaj cov hlwb sib txawv tsis zoo, elastic thiab collagen fibers uas tau taw qhia nyob rau hauv ntau cov lus qhia, nrog rau cov leeg nqaij. Lub plhaub sab hauv hauv lub thoracic duct tsim 9 li qub uas txhawb nqa cov qog ntshav mus rau cov leeg ntawm lub caj dab. Lub plhaub nruab nrab yog sawv cev los ntawm cov leeg nqaij du. Lawv muaj oblique thiab ncig txoj kev. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub plhaub muaj multidirectional elastic thiab collagen fibers. Cov qauv txheej txheej ntawm qib diaphragmatic yog plaub zaug tuab dua li cov qauv sab hauv thiab nruab nrab ua ke. Lub plhaub yog sawv cev los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg xoob thiab cov pob ntawm cov myocytes du nyob rau hauv longitudinally. Cov hlab ntsha lymphatic superficial nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha jugular. Nyob ze ntawm lub qhov ncauj, phab ntsa ntawm cov kav dej yog 2 zaug nyias dua li ntawm qib diaphragmatic.

lymphatic hlab ntsha
lymphatic hlab ntsha

Lwm yam khoom

Muaj ib thaj chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm ob lub li qub nyob ib sab ntawm cov hlab ntsha lymphatic. Nws hu ua lymphangion. Nws yog sawv cev los ntawm cov leeg pob txha, phab ntsa ntawm lub valvular sinus thiab qhov chaw ntawm kev txuas, qhov tseeb, ntawm lub valve. Txoj cai thiab thoracic ducts yog sawv cev raws li cov pob tw loj. Hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm lymphatic system, myocytes (cov leeg nqaij) muaj nyob hauv txhua daim nyias nyias (muaj peb ntawm lawv).

Nkauj phab ntsa ducts

Nyob rau sab nraudcov hlab ntsha thiab cov hlab ntsha lymphatic muaj cov hlab ntsha. Cov ceg me me ntawm cov hlab ntsha no diverge raws cov integument: nruab nrab thiab sab hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab tag nrho peb hauv cov leeg. Los ntawm cov phab ntsa arterial, cov ntshav capillary converges mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab venules. Lawv nyob ib sab ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Los ntawm capillaries nyob rau hauv lub puab txheej ntawm cov hlab ntsha, cov ntshav txav mus rau hauv lub venous lumen. Khoom noj khoom haus ntawm cov lymphatic ducts loj muaj ib tug peculiarity. Nws nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias cov ceg arterial tsis nrog venous sawv daws yuav, uas mus nyias. Cov nkoj tsis pom nyob rau hauv venules thiab arterioles.

ntshav thiab lymph hlab ntsha
ntshav thiab lymph hlab ntsha

Kab mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha lymphatic

Qhov no pathology yog suav tias yog theem nrab. Nws yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm cov txheej txheem purulent-inflammatory ntawm daim tawv nqaij (furuncle, carbuncle, txhua qhov txhab purulent) thiab kab mob ntawm ib hom kab mob (tuberculosis, syphilis, thiab lwm yam). Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem mob hnyav lossis mob ntev. Kuj cais nonspecific thiab tshwj xeeb o ntawm lymphatic hlab ntsha. Tus kab mob no tshwm sim los ntawm malaise, tsis muaj zog. Cov neeg mob kuj kub taub hau. Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob pathology yog mob nyob rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav. Tus kab mob pathology tuaj yeem yog cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob pyogenic (E. coli, enterococcus, staphylococcus aureus). Tus kab mob no tau kuaj pom yam tsis muaj teeb meem ntau. Kev ntsuas kev kho mob tau sau tseg raws li theem ntawm pathology. Sulfonamides thiab tshuaj tua kab mob yog siv los ua ib txoj kev txuag. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo, cov hlab ntsha lymphatic sab saum toj yog ntws los ntawm qhov qhib ntawm abscess.

Tumor

Hodgkin tus kab mob - lymphogranulomatosis - cuam tshuam rau cov tub ntxhais hluas feem ntau (15-10 xyoo). Cov tsos mob ntawm pathology nyob rau hauv thawj theem tsis tuaj, thiab cov qog nqaij hlav loj ntawm tus neeg mob tsis thab. Raws li tus kab mob no zuj zus, metastasis tshwm sim. Cov qog kis mus rau lwm cov qog thiab cov qog nqaij hlav, uas feem ntau yog tus po yog thawj tus raug kev txom nyem. Tom qab ntawd, cov cim qhia ntawm pathology pib tshwm. Tshwj xeeb, tus neeg mob ua npaws, tsis muaj zog, tawm hws, khaus tawv nqaij, poob phaus. Tus kab mob no tau kuaj pom los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cov qauv leukocyte, nrog rau cov khoom siv biopsy.

YLymphadenopathy

Kev paub qhov txawv ntawm cov kab mob no los ntawm lwm tus yog qhov yooj yim heev. Qee qhov xwm txheej, txawm li cas los xij, kev nyuaj yuav tshwm sim nrog lub ncauj tsev menyuam loj. Lymphodenopathy muab faib ua reactive thiab neoplastic - uas tsis yog-inflammatory thiab inflammatory. Cov tom kawg tau muab faib ua cov kab mob sib kis thiab tsis kis kab mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha lymphatic. Lawv nrog diffuse pathologies nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg connective, ua xua, rheumatoid mob caj dab. Ib qho reactive nce nyob rau hauv cov qog ntshav qhia tau hais tias cell proliferation vim lub cev tsis muaj zog teb rau autoimmune, tsis haum, tshuaj lom los yog ib tug kab mob ntawm tus kab mob. Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav, qhov nce hauv cov txheej txheem yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev nkag mus rau cov hlwb malignant uas los ntawm lwm yam kabmob (nrog rau lymphocytic leukemia lossis cancer metastasis) lossis tshwm sim hauv lub cev nws tus kheej tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm malignant lymphomas thiab lymphosarcomas. Pathologytej zaum yuav generalized los yog txwv. Qhov kawg, txawm li cas los xij, tuaj yeem dhau mus rau qhov qub. Ua ntej, lymphogranulomatosis raug xa mus rau qhov txwv lymphadenopathy, thiab tom qab ntawd, tom qab ib ntus, nws dhau los ua dav dav. Cov pab pawg reactive suav nrog ntau yam ntawm pathologies uas yog ib qho kev kuaj mob.

o ntawm lymphatic hlab ntsha
o ntawm lymphatic hlab ntsha

YDuctal sarcoma

Nov yog lwm cov qog nqaij hlav. Lymphosarcoma tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm txhua lub hnub nyoog. Raws li txoj cai, nws pib nrog kev nce hauv cov qog ntshav ntawm ib sab. Cov txheej txheem qog nqaij hlav yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm tus nqi siab ntawm kev loj hlob, nquag metastasis thiab ib qho malignancy. Nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm luv luv, tus neeg mob tus mob yuav deteriorate heev. Tus neeg mob ua npaws, ua rau lub cev hnyav zuj zus, tawm hws ntau thaum hmo ntuj. Kev kuaj mob muaj nyob rau hauv kev kuaj histological thiab cytological ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cuam tshuam.

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