Kev kuaj ntshav hauv chaw kho mob muaj ntau yam ntsuas uas qhia lub xeev ntawm lub cev tag nrho thiab nws cov kab ke lossis lub cev. Kev hloov pauv hauv cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntshav qhia tias muaj cov txheej txheem inflammatory lossis pathology.
Nutrophils yog dab tsi?
Neutrophils yog ib hom kab mob sib cais ntawm granulocytic leukocytes. Cov hlwb no stain nrog ob qho tib si dyes thiab eosin. Thaum basophils tsuas yog stain nrog cov xim yooj yim thiab eosinophils tsuas yog stain nrog eosin.
Nyob rau hauv neutrophils, enzyme myeloperoxidase muaj nyob rau hauv ntau. Cov enzyme no muaj cov protein uas muaj heme. Nws yog nws leej twg muab cov xim ntsuab ntsuab rau cov hlwb neutrophil. Yog li ntawd, cov kua paug thiab tawm, uas muaj ntau cov neutrophils, kuj muaj xim ntsuab thiab qhia cov kab mob o. Nrog cov kab mob viral thiab helminths hauv lub cev, cov qe ntshav no tsis muaj zog.
Neutrophils txhawb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab pab tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm cov kab mob thiab kab mob. Cov qe ntshav dawb yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov pob txha pob txha ntawm tus nqi ntawm 7lab hlwb ib feeb. Lawv ncig hauv cov ntshav rau 8-48 teev, thiab tom qab ntawd tsiv mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov kabmob, qhov chaw uas lawv muab kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kab mob.
theem ntawm kev txhim kho neutrophil
Neutrophils yog microphages uas muaj peev xwm nqus tau cov khoom txawv teb chaws me me hauv lub cev. Muaj rau hom kev loj hlob ntawm neutrophil - myeloblast, promyelocyte, myelocyte, metamyelocyte, stab (cov ntawv tsis paub qab hau) thiab segmented cell (mature form).
Thaum tus kab mob nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, neutrophils raug tso tawm los ntawm cov pob txha pob txha nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tsis paub qab hau. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsis paub qab hau neutrophils hauv cov ntshav tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov muaj thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm neutrophils
Neutrophils yog lub cev tiv thaiv hlwb. Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog kev nqus (phagocytosis) ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob uas txaus ntshai rau tib neeg lub cev. Cov hlwb no tuaj yeem ncav cuag cov ntaub so ntswg puas thiab nkag mus rau cov kab mob los ntawm thawj zaug ua kom puas tsuaj nrog lawv cov enzymes tshwj xeeb.
Tom qab noj cov kab mob, neutrophils zom, tso cov enzymes. Cov enzymes no pab soften cov ntaub so ntswg. Yog li, ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lawv qhov kev puas tsuaj, ib qho purulent abscess yuav tsim, uas muaj cov neutrophils thiab lawv cov seem.
Ntxiv rau phagocytosis, neutrophils tuaj yeem txav mus los, ua raws li lwm cov molecules (adhesion), thiab teb rau cov tshuaj stimuli los ntawm kev txav mus rau lawv thiab nqus cov hlwb txawv teb chaws (chemotaxis).
Neutrophils: tus qauv hauv kev tshuaj xyuasntshav
Nquag, hauv cov neeg laus noj qab haus huv, tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsis paub qab hau (stab) neutrophils hauv cov ntshav yuav tsum sib txawv ntawm 1 txog 6% ntawm tag nrho cov qe ntshav dawb. Tus naj npawb ntawm segmented (mature) hlwb nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 47-72%.
Nyob rau hauv menyuam yaus, tus naj npawb ntawm neutrophils tuaj yeem hloov pauv hauv lub sijhawm muaj hnub nyoog sib txawv:
- Nyob hauv tus menyuam yug tshiab thawj hnub, daim duab no yog 1-17% ntawm cov hlwb tsis paub tab thiab 45-80% ntawm cov neutrophils paub tab.
- Neutrophils hauv tus menyuam hnub nyoog qis dua 1 xyoos yog ib txwm: stab cells - 0.5-4%, thiab cov concentration ntawm cov neutrophils paub tab - 15-45%.
- Pib txij hnub nyoog ib xyoos mus txog rau 12 xyoos, tus nqi ntawm cov neutrophils tsis paub qab hau hauv cov ntshav yog li ntawm 0.5 txog 5%, thiab cov hlwb segmented yog 25-62%.
- Los ntawm 13 mus rau 15 xyoo, tus nqi ntawm stab neutrophils tseem xyaum tsis hloov ntawm 0.5-6%, thiab cov cell loj hlob tuaj thiab nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 40-65%.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias hauv cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab cov niam laus, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neutrophils hauv cov ntshav tsis txawv ntawm cov neeg laus noj qab haus huv.
Ntau cov hlwb no hauv cov ntshav
Neutrophils yog "kamikaze" hlwb, lawv rhuav tshem cov khoom txawv teb chaws uas nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, nqus thiab zom lawv hauv lawv tus kheej, thiab tom qab ntawd tuag.
Qhov ntsuas ntawm neutrophils hauv cov ntshav nce ntxiv thaum muaj cov txheej txheem inflammatory hauv lub cev, nws nce mus txog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nrog cov kab mob purulent (abscesses, phlegmons). Neutrophilia muab kev tiv thaiv ntau ntxiv ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kis kab mob cuam tshuam rau nws.
Ntau zaus, neutrophilia ua ke nrog kev nce ntawm tag nrho cov leukocytes (leukocytosis). Yog tias cov ntawv stab cell tsis paub tab muaj nyob rau hauv qhov kev kuaj ntshav, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau saib xyuas qhov muaj cov txheej txheem inflammatory ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub cev.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tom qab ua kom lub cev muaj zog, kev ntxhov siab, kev noj ntau dhau los yog thaum cev xeeb tub, neutrophils hauv cov ntshav yuav nce me ntsis. Hauv qhov no, qhov sib npaug ntawm cov hlwb hauv cov ntshav tau rov qab los ntawm nws tus kheej.
Cov kab mob dab tsi ua rau neutrophilia?
Kev nce qib ntawm neutrophils hauv cov ntshav tuaj yeem tshwm sim:
- loj lossis cov txheej txheem inflammatory uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob hnyav;
- qaug rau lub cev uas cuam tshuam rau pob txha pob txha (tua, cawv);
- txheej txheem necrotic;
- qog nqaij hlav cancer uas lwj;
- tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis ntev los no;
- mob rau lub cev nrog cov kab mob co toxins uas tsis muaj kab mob ncaj qha.
Thaum cov neutrophils qis hauv kev kuaj ntshav, lymphocytes siab - qhov no qhia tau tias muaj kab mob kis tsis ntev los no thiab kho tau.
Txo cov neutrophils hauv cov ntshav
Neutropenia (txo qis ntawm cov neutrophils hauv cov ntshav) qhia tias muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm hematopoietic kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov pob txha pob txha. Qhov no pathology tuaj yeem ua taucov nyhuv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm leukocytes, cov nyhuv ntawm cov tshuaj lom, thiab kev ncig ntawm qee yam kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov hlab ntsha. Feem ntau, cov neutrophils qis yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev txo qis hauv kev tiv thaiv ntuj.
Neutropenia tuaj yeem muaj ntau hom keeb kwm - ntawm qhov tsis meej, tau los lossis yug los. Hauv cov menyuam yaus ntawm thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej, benign chronic neutropenia yog tshwm sim. Txog rau thaum muaj hnub nyoog 2-3 xyoos, qhov no suav hais tias yog ib txwm, tab sis tom qab ntawd cov suav neutrophil yuav tsum tau txiav tawm thiab ua raws li cov qauv lees paub.
Cov kab mob dab tsi ua rau txo qis ntawm cov neutrophils?
Neutropenia yog yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab mob xws li:
- agranulocytosis (kev txo qis hauv cov cell);
- hypoplastic thiab aplastic anemia;
- kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm kab mob protozoan (malaria, toxplasmosis);
- kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm rickettsia (typhus);
- kab mob kis los ntawm cov kab mob (brucellosis, typhoid, paratyphoid);
- kab mob kis los ntawm tus kab mob (qhua pias, rubella, mob khaub thuas);
- kev kis kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm qhov mob hnyav hauv lub cev;
- hypersplenism (qhov txo qis ntawm tag nrho cov qe ntshav vim yog lawv cov pob txha hauv cov pob txha loj lossis kev puas hlwb nrawm);
- tsis muaj lub cev hnyav, qaug zog ntawm lub cev (cachexia);
- kis hluav taws xob lossis hluav taws xob kho mob;
- noj tej yam tshuaj(sulfonamides, penicillin, chloramphenicol, analgesics thiab cytostatics).
Neutropenia tej zaum yuav yog ib ntus thaum tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob. Hauv qhov no, pathology tsis xav tau kev kho mob, thiab cov ntshav suav rov qab los ntawm lawv tus kheej tom qab tshem tawm cov kab mob kis.
Yog tias neutrophils qis qis rau lub sijhawm ntev, qhov no qhia txog cov kab mob ntev ntawm cov kab mob hematopoietic. Cov xwm txheej zoo li no yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam tam sim ntawm cov kws kho mob tsim nyog thiab teem caij kuaj xyuas kom zoo thiab kho tau zoo.
Yuav ua li cas yog tias qib ntawm neutrophils cuam tshuam?
Yog tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov neutrophils hauv cov ntshav, nws yuav tsum ua tib zoo ntsuas raws li kev hloov pauv ntawm cov leukocytes (ua rau cov zaub mov noj txhua hnub, tsis txhob sib cuag nrog cov neeg mob).
Raws li txoj cai, qhov normalization ntawm qib ntawm neutrophils hauv cov ntshav tshwm sim vim kev noj cov vitamin complexes thiab cov tshuaj uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov ua rau tsis txaus. Tab sis txhua qhov kev teem caij yuav tsum yog tus kws kho mob, kev noj tshuaj rau tus kheej tsis tuaj yeem txais!
Yog tias qhov kev ua txhaum cai tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev kho tsis tu ncua, ces nws yuav tsum tau hloov lossis tshem tawm tag nrho kev siv tshuaj uas cuam tshuam kev tsim cov neutrophils hauv cov pob txha. Neutrophils nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg laus qhia tau hais tias lub ntuj tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev muaj zog npaum li cas, yog li nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom tswj tau qhov ntsuas no nyob rau hauv ib txwm ntau yam thiab pib qhov tsim nyog kho raws sij hawm.
