Neutrophils yog pab pawg ntawm ntau cov leukocytes, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev tawm tsam cov kab mob pathogenic thiab cov kab mob uas nkag mus rau tib neeg lub cev. Tsis zoo li cov qe ntshav liab thiab platelets, neutrophils muaj cov nucleus. Neutrophils yog tsim los ntawm cov pob txha pob txha thiab, nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog, muaj ntau qhov sib txawv thiab cov duab ntawm nucleus.
Neutrophils
Raws li qib ntawm kev loj hlob, neutrophils tau muab faib ua pawg hauv qab no;
- Myeloblasts - "cov menyuam yug tshiab" los ntawm cov qia hlwb - thawj lub hauv paus rau neutrophil maturation.
- Promyelocytes yog ib lub xovtooj loj loj, lub ntim uas yuav luag tag nrho los ntawm lub nucleus.
- Myelocytes me ntsis me dua li cov promyelocytes, muaj cov duab sib npaug ntawm cov nucleus thiab cov daim nyias nyias.
- Metamyelocytes - me dua li myelocyte, lub nucleus yog lub raum zoo li.
- Stab neutrophils - muaj lub me me elongated nucleusCov duab tsis sib xws, feem ntau ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm tes tau ntim nrog cytoplasm.
- Segmented neutrophils - txawv ntawm tus pas nrig-puab neutrophils nkaus xwb nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm lub nucleus, uas tau muab faib ua ntu. Qhov loj thiab tus nqi ntawm cytoplasm hauv ob hom neutrophils yog tib yam.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm segmented neutrophils
Tsuas yog segmented neutrophils yog cov hlwb paub tab thiab muaj qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov ntim ntawm leukocytes. Vim lub peev xwm tsis tsuas yog txav mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, tab sis kuj nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha ntawm phab ntsa nrog kev pab ntawm cov phab ntsa tshwj xeeb - "ceg", segmented neutrophils txav mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg mus rau thaj tsam cuam tshuam thiab yaj cov kab mob. nyob rau hauv lawv cov protoplasm. Tom qab "kev tawm tsam", neutrophils tuag, tab sis cov tshuaj uas lawv tso tawm cov teeb liab rau lwm pab pawg ntawm cov hlwb txog qhov chaw ntawm tus kab mob, thiab rau cov pob txha pob txha los tsim cov tub ntxhais hluas myeloblasts ntxiv.
Segmented neutrophils hauv cov ntshav. Norma - yog dab tsi?
Hauv cov neeg laus noj qab haus huv, qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm segmented neutrophils yog 47% -75% ntawm tag nrho cov neutrophils, thaum tus naj npawb ntawm stab neutrophils tsis tshaj 6%. Qhov sib txawv loj no tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov tsis ruaj khov ntawm daim ntawv stab thiab nws qhov kev loj hlob sai rau hauv cov laus neutrophil.
Qhov no yog tus qauv. Segmented neutrophils hauv cov ntshav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Qee zaum kev suav neutrophil tsis raug siv, uas txawv ntawm 1000 txog 7500 hlwb ib microliter ntawm cov ntshav.(sau ntau txhiab lub hlwb ib liter - 1.0-7.5 x 109 / l). Hauv cov txiv neej thiab poj niam, qhov ntsuas ntawm leukocytes tsis muaj qhov sib txawv, lawv muaj feem cuam tshuam rau qib ntawm hemoglobin, erythrocytes, hematocrit.
Nrog kev tawm tsam tsis sib haum xeeb, tsuas yog segmented neutrophils koom nrog hauv kev tiv thaiv lub cev, cov ntawv hluas uas tseem tshuav txuas ntxiv mus rau cov pob txha pob txha thiab tsis muaj cov ntshav. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov kab mob foci, thaum muaj coob tus neeg laus neutrophils tuag sai sai, thiab kev rov ua dua tsis muaj sijhawm los ua ke, tsis paub qab hau neutrophils ntawm plaub theem kawg kuj koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshem tawm tus kab mob.
Los ntawm kev sau cov theem ntawm neutrophils los ntawm myelocytes mus rau ntu ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis, cov mis leukocyte tuaj yeem hloov mus rau sab laug thaum tus naj npawb ntawm "cov tub ntxhais hluas" neutrophils hauv cov ntshav nce ntxiv, lossis mus rau sab xis thaum muaj pes tsawg tus. cov leukocytes paub tab yog tshaj.
Degrees ntawm neutrophilia
Kev nce qib ntawm segmented neutrophils hauv cov ntshav plasma hu ua neutrophilia lossis neutrophilia. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov cai ntawm segmented nuclei nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm cov txiv neej thiab cov poj niam yog ua txhaum. Los ntawm nws tus kheej, neutrophilia qhia txog qib txaus ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev thiab nws lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic, raws li nws qib, cov kws kho mob ua ntej ntsuas qib ntawm cov kab mob ntawm tus kab mob.
Muaj peb qib ntawm neutrophilia:
- nruab nrab, thaum theem ntawm neutrophils ntawm 6, 0 -7, 0 nce mus rau 10;
- extensive -nrog qhov taw qhia los ntawm 10.0 txog 20.0;
- generalized yog tias nws tshaj 20, 0.
Nruab nrab neutrophilia nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 8.0-8.5 nrog ib txwm lwm pab pawg ntawm leukocytes tsis tas yuav qhia pom muaj pathology. Qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev tawm dag zog lub cev ntau dhau, kev puas siab puas ntsws-kev xav, kev ntxhov siab, kev noj ntau dhau, kev coj khaub ncaws hauv poj niam. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov mis leukocyte mus rau sab laug tuaj yeem pom tom qab kis kab mob, thaum lub sijhawm dhau los ntawm "cov tub ntxhais hluas" neutrophils raug tso tawm rau hauv cov ntshav, uas tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv loj segmented. Kev hloov mus rau sab xis tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum cov ntshav poob loj, hloov ntshav, thiab qee hom ntshav ntshav.
Caus ntawm neutrophilia hauv cov neeg laus
Qib dav ntawm neutrophilia yog tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam kab mob. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau mob ntau yam kab mob ntawm cov pa ua pa thiab tso zis, kab mob plab, pob qij txha. Ib theem ntawm neutrophilia tshwm sim nrog cov mob necrotic, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis raug, hom tshuaj lom neeg lossis cawv lom, thiab kab mob oncological.
Ntau cov qe ntshav dawb hauv cov poj niam thaum cev xeeb tub
Nrog rau qhov pib ntawm cev xeeb tub, feem ntau cov poj niam muaj kev nce qib ntawm leukocytes hauv cov ntshav. Thaum cev xeeb tub thaum ntxov, qhov no tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau lub embryo zoo li nws yog cov ntaub so ntswg txawv teb chaws. Tom qab ntawd tag nrho lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm leukocytes stabilizes nyob rau hauv 20% saum toj no tus qauv ntawmtus txheeb ze piv ntawm txhua hom neutrophils nyob rau hauv cov cai ntawm tus neeg laus. Qee lub sij hawm hauv cov poj niam, thaum nqa tus me nyuam hauv plab, tej zaum yuav muaj kev hloov pauv hauv qhov ntsuas no raws li cov qauv ntawm segmented nuclei hauv cov ntshav hauv cov poj niam mus rau sab laug nrog kev nce hauv cov tshuaj neutrophils. Hauv qhov no, lwm qhov ntsuas ntawm cov ntshav, lymphatic, tso zis tau raug tshawb nrhiav kom pom muaj cov kab mob pathologies. Yog tias tsis pom muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb, qhov kev hloov pauv no tuaj yeem qhia qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev nchuav menyuam, tus poj niam yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog kev kuaj xyuas kom meej thiab soj ntsuam los ntawm kws kho mob.
Ua rau neutropenia
Txo theem ntawm neutrophils hauv qab ib txwm yog hu ua neutropenia thiab tshwm sim, raws li txoj cai, rau peb lub laj thawj tseem ceeb:
- Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob hnyav thiab kab mob, xws li brucellosis, qhua pias, rubella, kab mob siab, thaum lub cev raug tawm tsam los ntawm cov kab mob loj heev, los tua cov leukocytes ntau dhau lawm.
- Kev txhim kho cov pob txha pob txha, uas ua rau inhibition ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm neutrophil synthesis. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog vim kev siv cov tshuaj muaj zog - tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, hluav taws xob raug hluav taws xob thiab kev siv xov tooj cua.
- Txhim kho cov kab mob ntshav - leukemia, anemia, mob tsis txaus ntawm cov vitamins B thiab folic acid. Thaum kho nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob nrov xws li ribavirin thiab interferon, 90% ntawm cov neeg siv cov tshuaj tau pom qhov txo qis hauv qib neutrophil.
Kev txo qis segmented neutrophils ua rau neutropenia. Zoo li neutrophil, neutropeniaMuaj peb theem ntawm qhov hnyav. Nrog tus nqi tas li ntawm 1.0 - 1.5, neutropenia yog suav tias yog mob me. Yog tias qhov ntsuas tau poob qis dua 1.0 thiab 0.5, qhov nruab nrab thiab hnyav neutropenia raug kuaj pom, feem.
Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog ib qho qis ntawm neutrophils qhia tias muaj cov kab mob loj lossis cov kab mob tsis zoo hauv lub cev. Raws li ntau qhov chaw, txog li 30% ntawm cov pej xeem Lavxias teb sab muaj kev ruaj ntseg neutropenia ntawm thawj lossis thib ob degree, nrog rau cov qauv ntawm tag nrho lwm cov ntshav tsis. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib tug me me ntawm cov neeg, qhov poob ntawm cov theem ntawm neutrophils yog cyclical thiab tus kheej.
Txo cov segmented neutrophils yog qhov txaus ntshai heev rau lub cev. Kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob neutropia yuav tsum tau ua tam sim ntawd, vim tias qhov xwm txheej zoo li no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev poob siab lossis tuag taus. Nws yog qhov nyuaj heev kom paub txog neutropenia yam tsis muaj kev kuaj ntshav kom ntxaws, vim nws cov tsos mob zoo ib yam li ntau yam tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam kab mob. Raws li kev txheeb xyuas, tus kws kho mob hematologist yuav muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm leukocytes thiab lwm yam ntsuas thiab txheeb xyuas qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm tus qauv.
Segmented neutrophils hauv cov ntshav: tus qauv hauv cov menyuam yaus
Hauv cov menyuam yaus, qhov ntsuas ntawm leukocyte mis txawv ntawm cov neeg laus. Nyob ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm lub neej, cov ntsuas no muaj qhov hloov pauv loj heev. Yog li, nrog rau cov cai ntawm tus neeg laus 47-75%, tus menyuam yug tshiab muaj qib ntawm cov neutrophils los ntawm45 txog 80%, tus menyuam hnub nyoog qis dua 1 xyoos - 15-45%, menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 1 txog 12 xyoos - 25-62%, thaum hluas - 40-60%. Tom qab ntawd, feem ntau hauv tus menyuam noj qab haus huv, theem ntawm segmented nuclei stabilizes nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj, thiab stab txo los ntawm 17% mus rau tus qauv ntawm 5-6%.
Koj puas txaus siab rau qhov ntsuas "segmented neutrophils hauv cov ntshav ntawm tus menyuam" yog qhov qub? Lub rooj qhia meej txog qhov no.
Yog vim li cas rau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntshav ntawm cov menyuam yaus yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob, uas nce mus txog qib zoo tsuas yog thaum laus. Thaum lub sij hawm yug me nyuam, tus me nyuam lub cev muaj kev ntxhov siab heev, yog li nws tsim ib qho kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, uas ua rau me me neutrophilia hauv thawj lub hlis ntawm lub neej. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab ntawd cov pob txha pob txha, uas tseem tsis tau tsim tiav, ua rau muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm kev tiv thaiv los ntawm segmented neutrophils nrog tus nqi siab ntawm stab.
Neutrophilia hauv cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis ntev los no, uas yog lub cim zoo ntawm cov lus teb raug ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev nce qib ntawm neutrophils tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim kev siv tshuaj thiab cov tshuaj steroid.
Neutropenia hauv cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog kev ua xua thiab anaphylactic tshuaj tiv thaiv, anemia, thaum kis kab mob uas ua rau tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob, nrog rau kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj lom.
Feem ntau, cov menyuam yaus neutropenia tsis tas yuav kho tshwj xeeb, mus txog 5 xyoos qibsegmented neutrophils rov zoo li qub, txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov menyuam yaus no tau txo qis kev tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas thiab kis kab mob, yog tias ua tau, lawv yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv los ntawm kev mob siab foci ntawm tus kab mob. Tom qab ntawd, raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas "segmented neutrophils hauv cov ntshav", tus qauv yuav raug nthuav tawm.
Yuav ua li cas kom cov qe ntshav dawb zoo li qub?
Ib txwm nyob ruaj khov ntawm leukocytes tau txhawb nqa los ntawm ntau yam kev ntsuas txhawm rau nce kev tiv thaiv tag nrho ntawm lub cev thiab ua kom cov txheej txheem metabolic. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas cov khoom noj kom zoo, uas yuav tsum muaj ntau cov zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, fiber ntau, cov calories tsawg, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob noj ntau dhau. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv raws sijhawm tuaj yeem pab txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob loj. Thiab qhov no siv tsis tau rau cov menyuam yaus xwb, tab sis kuj rau cov neeg laus, txij li niaj hnub no muaj ntau ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo tiv thaiv cov kab mob loj xws li kab mob siab, mob meningitis, ntau yam kab mob sepsis, shingles.
Kev tiv thaiv zoo heev ntawm kev kis kab mob thiab muaj cov khoom xws li segmented neutrophils hauv cov ntshav, cov qauv uas tau teev tseg saum toj no, yog kev ntxuav cov sinuses tsis tu ncua nrog dej huv lossis ntsev, txij li ntxuav cov mucous thiab villi nyob rau hauv qhov ntswg qhov ntswg ua rau kom lawv cov kev tiv thaiv muaj nuj nqi. Tsis txhob tso tseg txoj kev yooj yim thiab siv tau zoo xws li cov txheej txheem tawv tawv, taug kev sab nraum zoov, kev tawm dag zog tsis tu ncua. Nws tseem yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ntsuas kom txo cov load, tshem tawm tsis tu ncuaCov xwm txheej ntxhov siab, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob ua haujlwm dhau mus tas li. Thaum lub caij mob khaub thuas hnyav dua, koj yuav tsum sim tiv thaiv koj tus kheej thiab koj cov menyuam los ntawm kev mus xyuas cov chaw pej xeem, cov xwm txheej loj.
