Ntau yam cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm ib tug neeg. Qee tus ntawm lawv cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig sab nraud, thaum lwm tus cuam tshuam los ntawm sab hauv. Txhawm rau ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas txaus ntawm lub xeev ntawm lub cev, cov kws kho mob tau sau qee yam kev tshawb fawb. Kev kawm txog qib ntawm leukocytes suav nrog lawv tus lej yuav luag ib txwm. Nws yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug complex yam. Nws yuav tsum tau borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias tus nqi ntawm leukocytes nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm cov txiv neej thiab cov poj niam yog sib txawv heev. Ib qeb tshwj xeeb yog kev kawm txog cov menyuam yaus qhov ntsuas. Nws tseem yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tus nqi ntawm leukocytes hauv cov ntshav hauv cov txiv neej tom qab 50 xyoo yog qhov txawv me ntsis ntawm cov neeg sawv cev hluas ntawm cov poj niam cev xeeb tub. Qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no yog dab tsi thiab nws tuaj yeem nthuav tawm dab tsi?
cov qe ntshav dawb yog dab tsi
Tib neeg cov ntshav muaj ntau hom ntsiab lus, txhua yam ua haujlwm qee yam. Leukocytes yog cov qe ntshav dawb, ib pawg ntawm heterogeneous lub cev, uas yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov muaj cov nucleus thiab tsis muaj nws cov xim. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus no yog los tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm cov kab mob sab hauv thiab sab nraud.
Txhua hom hlwb dawb muaj lub cev muaj zog thiab muaj peev xwm nkag mus los ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha mus rau qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov hlwb. Nyob ntawd lawv pib nqus thiab zom cov khoom txawv teb chaws thiab teeb meem. Cov txheej txheem nyuaj no hu ua "phagocytosis", thiab cov hlwb uas nqa tawm yog phagocytes. Yog tias muaj ntau yam khoom txawv teb chaws nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, cov ntsiab lus no tsis tuaj yeem tiv nrog lub nra. Lawv pib loj zuj zus tuaj thiab, vim li ntawd, lub cev qhuav dej. Qhov tshwm sim yog o, liab ntawm thaj chaw cuam tshuam, nce lub cev kub.
Vim li cas tus nqi leukocytes hauv cov ntshav ntawm cov txiv neej thiab poj niam sib txawv
Dawb lub cev theem sib txawv ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau lwm tus. Qhov no tsis yog ib txwm tshwm sim los ntawm qee yam kab mob. Nws paub tias tus nqi ntawm leukocytes hauv cov ntshav ntawm cov txiv neej yog kwv yees li 4.2-910^9 units ib liter. Nyob ntawm lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb ntawm ib hnub, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm sab nraud thiab lub cev lub cev ntawm lub cev, cov qe ntshav dawb tuaj yeem sib txawv heev. Yog li, lawv tus lej nce me ntsis thaum yav tav su, tom qab noj mov, nrog rau tom qab lub cev lossis lub siab xav. Nws kuj tseem yuav hloov pauv nyob ntawm hnub nyoog.
As researched
Thaum kev tshuaj ntsuam, cov ntshav venous lossis capillary tau noj. Kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv txhim khu kev qha txog lub xeev ntawm lub cevib tug neeg laus, ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub chaw soj nstuam yuav siv sij hawm raws li lub hauv paus xws li ib tug ntsuas raws li tus nqi ntawm leukocytes nyob rau hauv cov ntshav nyob rau hauv cov txiv neej tom qab 50 xyoo. Nws muab piv nrog cov naj npawb ntawm lub cev dawb hauv cov khoom siv kuaj. Pub ntshav kom raug. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua nruj me ntsis ntawm lub plab khoob. Txij lub sij hawm noj mov kawg, tsawg kawg yog yim, thiab nyiam dua kaum teev yuav tsum dhau mus. Ua ntej ua qhov kev xeem, tsis txhob siv lub cev tawm dag zog thiab kev ntxhov siab thiab kev xav ntau dhau. Sim tsis txhob siv cov kev kho dej sib txawv. Banal kev nyuaj siab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam. Koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov qhov no ua ntej koj mus kuaj.
Thaum tsom xam tau teem sijhawm
Txoj kev tshawb no feem ntau yog sau rau kev kawm paub txog lub xeev ntawm lub cev. Kev nce qib ntawm leukocytes tseem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev txhim kho ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory. Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj ntawm cov qauv tsim tuaj yeem ua rau koj xav txog cov kab mob malignant ntawm cov pob txha pob txha.
Txo cov leukocytes tsawg dua. Feem ntau, qhov no qhia tau hais tias muaj qee yam ntawm cov kab mob kis, tab sis nws kuj tuaj yeem yog qhov laj thawj xav txog kev mob hnyav dua (piv txwv li, AIDS lossis aplastic anemia). Kev siv qee yam tshuaj (tshwj xeeb yog cov tshuaj cytotoxic) lossis kev kho hluav taws xob kuj tseem cuam tshuam rau qib ntawm cov qe ntshav. Qhov no yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum kawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam.
Norm ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb hauv menyuam yaus
1. Cov menyuam yug tshiab (1-3 hnub) - 7-3210^9units per liter.
2. Hnub nyoog txog li 1 xyoos - 6-17, 510^9 units ib liter.
3. Hnub nyoog ntawm ib mus rau ob xyoos - 6-1710^9 units ib liter.
4. Hnub nyoog 2 txog 6 xyoo - 5-15.510^9 units ib liter. 5. Hnub nyoog 6-16 - 4.5-13.510^9 units ib liter.
poj niam cov ntshav dawb suav
Daim duab no tsis tuaj yeem nyob tas mus li. Yog li, piv txwv li, tus nqi ntawm leukocytes hauv cov ntshav hauv cov txiv neej tom qab 40 xyoo thiab cov poj niam ntawm tib lub hnub nyoog sib txawv. Qhov ntsuas no tseem cuam tshuam los ntawm kev xeeb tub, cov theem ntawm kev coj khaub ncaws, thiab lwm yam. Tus poj niam lub cev yog tsim los dais thiab yug me nyuam noj qab nyob zoo. Yog li ntawd, nws txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv yog siab dua li cov txiv neej. Tus qauv ntawm leukocytes nyob rau hauv ib tug poj niam yog nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm 4-910 ^ 9 units. ib litre. Qhov ntsuas no yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb lub xeev ntawm lub cev. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum paub qhov txawv ntawm pathological deviations los ntawm ntuj tsim. Qhov kawg tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua luam dej hauv dej kub lossis txias dhau, ua si kis las, premenstrual syndrome lossis kev ntxhov siab. Yog vim li ntawd koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov txoj hauv kev zoo rau kev xeem.
Tus qauv ntawm leukocytes hauv cov ntshav ntawm cov txiv neej
Qib qe dawb hauv tib neeg lub cev tsis tas li thiab tsis zoo ib yam. Nws yog me ntsis qis hauv cov txiv neej dua li poj niam. Ntau kuj nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog. Tus nqi ntawm leukocytes hauv cov ntshav ntawm cov txiv neej hnub nyoog 30 yog 4.2-910^9 units ib liter. Qhov taw qhia tseem zoo li qub rau lub sijhawm ntev heev. Tib tus nqi ntawm leukocytes hauv cov ntshav ntawm cov txiv neej hnub nyoog 40 xyoo. Tab sis dhau sij hawm, theem no hloov. Hauv cov lausnws txawv. Cov qauv ntawm leukocytes nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm cov txiv neej tom qab 60 xyoo yog twb 3.9-8.510^9 units ib liter. Qhov tseem ceeb no yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum kawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txheeb xyuas.
Leukocyte formula
Muaj cov qauv tsim los ntawm cov chaw kuaj mob. Lawv coj mus rau hauv tus account ntau yam. Qib ntawm leukocytes hauv cov ntshav tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm hnub nyoog, poj niam txiv neej, thiab kev noj qab haus huv, nrog rau kev ntxhov siab lossis kev noj ntau dhau. Nrog rau qhov no hauv siab, cov qauv leukocyte tau tsim tawm uas tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab theem ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm kev tshawb fawb tau los ntawm cov qauv.
Muaj tseeb leukocytosis txhais tau hais tias kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov pob txha pob txha thiab tso tawm ntawm lub cev dawb ntawm nws. Muaj lwm txoj kev xaiv - qhov no yog redistributive leukocytosis. Nrog nws, nce qib ntawm leukocytes yog txuam nrog kev ncig ntawm cov hlwb uas feem ntau txuas rau ib qho chaw ruaj khov hauv lub cev. Qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov cell dawb thaum nruab hnub tau piav qhia meej los ntawm kev faib tawm tshiab. Feem ntau, theem ntawm leukocytes nce me ntsis thaum yav tsaus ntuj, tom qab noj mov, thiab rov poob dua thaum sawv ntxov. Hauv cov xwm txheej pathological, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb tuaj yeem qhia txog cov txheej txheem inflammatory, nrog rau qhov muaj tus kab mob. Hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav tshaj plaws, qhov no qhia txog kev mob leukemia. Qhov no yog ib yam kab mob hnyav heev, qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim tsis tau.
Leukopenia
Qhov xwm txheej thaum qib ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb qis qis dua ntau dua. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm cov hauv qab no:
1. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm hluav taws xob mob.
2. Anemia txuam nrog vitamin B12 deficiency.
3. Kab mob sib kis.
4. Oncological manifestations nrog metastases nyob rau hauv cov pob txha pob txha.
5. Thawj theem ntawm leukemia. 6. Kev siv qee yam tshuaj.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los txiav txim siab txhua kis ntawm kev txo qis hauv qib ntawm leukocytes nruj me ntsis ntawm tus kheej. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov no tuaj yeem yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm tsis yog tus kab mob xwb, tab sis kuj yog lub cev muaj zog ntawm lub cev. Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov hais tias cov qauv ntawm leukocytes nyob rau hauv cov ntshav nyob rau hauv cov txiv neej ntawm 50 xyoo yog tsawg tshaj li 16 xyoo cov txiv neej. Tau kawg, qhov sib txawv me me, tab sis lawv muaj nyob. Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob ua kom nrawm nrawm thiab ceeb. Tus kws kho mob, tau xav tias muaj ib yam dab tsi tsis raug, yuav tau sau cov lus qhia ntxaws ntxaws, uas yuav ua rau nws tuaj yeem kos duab lub hom phiaj thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, ua kom muaj kev kho mob txaus.
hom qe ntshav dawb
Cov hom leukocytes hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:
- lymphocytes;
- monocytes;
- neutrophils;
- basophils; - eosinophils.
Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb. Paub txog qib ntawm lawv cov ntsiab lus hauv lub cev, peb tuaj yeem kos cov lus xaus. Yog li, yog hais tias tus qauv ntawm leukocytes nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm cov txiv neej raug soj ntsuam, ces peb yuav hais tias lub cev tiv thaiv kev ua hauj lwm zoo kawg nkaus. Lymphocytes tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog lub peev xwm zoo kawg nkaus thiab muaj peev xwm ua kom nco qab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev hlwb thiab paub qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom txawv teb chaws. Ntxiv rau, lawvLub cev tsis nco qab yog yam ntxwv, uas yog, lawv khaws cov ntaub ntawv hais txog txhua yam kab mob uas lawv tau ntsib. Thaum cov khoom txawv teb chaws nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, lymphocytes ntsib nws thawj zaug. Lawv yog thawj qhov txuas hauv tib neeg lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Neutrophils
Cov no yog cov leukocyte loj tshaj plaws, suav txog txog 98 feem pua ntawm lawv tag nrho. Lawv muaj peev xwm txav tau sai sai rau qhov tsom ntawm qhov mob. Yog tias muaj kab mob los yog kab mob fungal tshwm sim, neutrophils nkag mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg los ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab sim tiv thaiv cov kab mob ntawm lawv tus kheej. Lawv ua li no los ntawm absorbing thiab dissolving cov kab mob, tom qab uas lawv tuag thiab disintegrate.
Eosinophils
Cov hlwb no tseem txav mus rau thaj chaw cuam tshuam thiab rhuav tshem cov khoom tsis zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv ua si ib qho tseem ceeb antihistamine thiab antiallergic luag hauj lwm. Tej zaum yuav khi cov tshuaj tsis haum, thaiv lawv cov teebmeem.
Monocytes
Cov hlwb no ua phagocytosis ntawm cov ntsiab lus loj, piv txwv li, cov ntaub so ntswg puas. Tom qab ntawd, monocytes tsis tuag, tab sis ntxuav thaj chaw cuam tshuam thiab npaj nws kom rov zoo.
Basophiles
Qhov no yog hom leukocyte tsawg tshaj plaws. Basophils tsuas yog 1 feem pua ntawm lawv cov lej. Qhov no yog "lub tsheb thauj neeg mob" tiag tiag rau kev qaug cawv, nrog rau kev phom sij ntawm cov kab mob lom. Vim muaj cov tshuaj xws li serotonin, histamine, prostaglandin hauv basophils, lawv thaiv cov tshuaj lom nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob kis mus thoob lub cev.
History
P. Ehrlich thiab I. Mechnikov tau ua haujlwm tseem ceeb rau kev kawm txog leukocytes thiab lawv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tiv thaiv lub cev. Cov tom kawg tau pom muaj cov txheej txheem xws li phagocytosis. Raws li qhov kev tshawb fawb no, nws tau ua ntau qhov kev tshawb pom. Yog li, Mechnikov tau los ua tus tsim ntawm phagocytic txoj kev xav ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Xyoo 1908, ob tus kws tshawb fawb rau lawv cov kev pabcuam rau noob neej tau koom ua ke muab khoom plig Nobel.
In xaus
Txhua hom qe ntshav dawb tseem ceeb heev. Yog tias qhov tsawg kawg yog ib qho ntawm lawv qis dua lossis nce ntxiv, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yuav raug kev txom nyem los ntawm qhov no hauv thawj qhov chaw. Yog li ntawd, nws raug pom zoo kom kuaj ntshav txhua xyoo. Qhov no yuav pab kom pom cov teeb meem raws sijhawm thiab kho lawv.
Yog tias tus kws kho mob, tom qab sau tshuaj ntsuam xyuas dav dav, hais rau tus neeg mob hnub nyoog 70 xyoo, pom tias cov qauv ntawm leukocytes hauv cov ntshav ntawm cov txiv neej hnub nyoog 60 xyoo tsis raug soj ntsuam, nws yuav sau cov lus qhia ntxaws ntxiv. piav qhia txog qib ntawm txhua hom ntshav. Noj qab nyob zoo!
