Autism spectrum hauv menyuam yaus. Autism Spectrum Disorders

Cov txheej txheem:

Autism spectrum hauv menyuam yaus. Autism Spectrum Disorders
Autism spectrum hauv menyuam yaus. Autism Spectrum Disorders

Video: Autism spectrum hauv menyuam yaus. Autism Spectrum Disorders

Video: Autism spectrum hauv menyuam yaus. Autism Spectrum Disorders
Video: Tshuaj theem vim li cas thiaj tau nqi ?/ Siv kho mob dab tsi?/paris polyphylla use for? 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Autism Spectrum yog ib pab pawg ntawm cov kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv kev sib raug zoo. Hmoov tsis zoo, xws li pathologies feem ntau kuaj pom hauv cov menyuam yaus. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau txiav txim seb muaj ib qho teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, vim hais tias sai sai tus me nyuam tau txais kev pab tsim nyog, qhov ntau dua qhov muaj peev xwm kho tau zoo.

Autism spectrum: nws yog dab tsi?

autistic spectrum
autistic spectrum

Kev kuaj mob "autism" hnub no yog nyob ntawm txhua tus daim di ncauj. Tab sis tsis yog txhua leej txhua tus nkag siab tias lo lus no txhais li cas thiab yuav xav li cas los ntawm tus me nyuam autistic. Autism Spectrum Disorders yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tsis sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib raug zoo, nyuaj rau kev sib txuas nrog lwm tus neeg, kev cuam tshuam tsis tsim nyog rau kev sib txuas lus, tsis muaj kev txaus siab, thiab nyiam ua rau tsis meej pem (kev ua rov ua dua, qauv).

Raws li kev txheeb cais, kwv yees li 2% ntawm cov menyuam yaus raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov teeb meem no. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, autism raug kuaj pom hauv cov ntxhais 4 zaug tsawg dua. Qabob xyoo dhau los no, cov xwm txheej ntawm cov teeb meem no tau nce ntau, txawm hais tias nws tseem tsis tau paub meej tias cov kab mob pathology tau dhau los ua ntau dua lossis yog tias qhov nce ntxiv yog vim muaj kev hloov pauv hauv kev kuaj mob (ob peb xyoos dhau los, cov neeg mob autism feem ntau tau muab. Lwm yam kev kuaj mob, xws li "schizophrenia").

Autism Spectrum Disorder Uas

autism spectrum nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam
autism spectrum nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam

Hmoov tsis zoo, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob autism, cov laj thawj rau nws cov tsos thiab ntau tus tswv ntawm lwm qhov tseeb tseem tsis meej hnub no. Cov kws tshawb fawb muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas ntau yam kev pheej hmoo, txawm hais tias tseem tsis muaj daim duab tiav ntawm cov txheej txheem rau kev txhim kho pathology.

  • Muaj ib yam ntawm kev xeeb tub. Raws li kev txheeb cais, ntawm cov txheeb ze ntawm tus me nyuam uas muaj kev puas hlwb muaj tsawg kawg yog 3-6% ntawm cov neeg uas muaj tib yam mob. Cov no yuav yog qhov hu ua micro-cov tsos mob ntawm autism, piv txwv li, kev coj cwj pwm tsis zoo, txo kev xav tau kev sib txuas lus. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tswj hwm kom cais cov kab mob autism, txawm hais tias nws lub xub ntiag tsis yog 100% lav ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm qhov txawv txav hauv tus menyuam. Nws ntseeg tau tias cov kab mob autistic tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug complex ntawm ntau yam noob caj noob ces thiab ib txhij muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm sab nraud los yog sab hauv ib puag ncig yam.
  • Qhov laj thawj suav nrog kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb. Ua tsaug rau kev tshawb fawb, nws muaj peev xwm pom tau tias hauv cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev kuaj mob zoo sib xws, thaj tsam pem hauv ntej ntawm cerebral cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, thiab qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub cev nqaij daim tawv feem ntau hloov pauv lossis txo. Nws yog cov seem ntawm lub paj hlwb uas muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev mloog, kev hais lus, kev xav (tshwj xeeb,Kev xav ntawm lub siab xav thaum ua kev sib raug zoo), kev xav, kev txawj ntse.
  • Nws tau pom tias feem ntau cev xeeb tub ua rau muaj teeb meem. Piv txwv li, muaj tus kab mob ntawm lub cev (mob qhua pias, rubella), toxicosis hnyav, eclampsia thiab lwm yam pathologies nrog rau fetal hypoxia thiab organic hlwb puas. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov tseem ceeb no tsis yog thoob ntiaj teb - ntau tus menyuam yaus loj hlob ib txwm muaj tom qab cev xeeb tub thiab yug menyuam.

Cov cim qhia ntxov ntawm autism

autism actic spectrum tsis meej
autism actic spectrum tsis meej

Puas puas tuaj yeem kuaj mob autism thaum ntxov? Autism Spectrum Disorder tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim thaum menyuam mos. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee cov cim ceeb toom rau cov niam txiv kom saib xyuas:

  • Nws nyuaj rau qhov muag nrog tus menyuam. Nws tsis pom qhov muag. Kuj tsis muaj kev txuas rau niam lossis txiv - tus menyuam tsis quaj thaum lawv tawm mus, tsis rub tus kov. Nws yeej tsis nyiam kov, khawm.
  • Tus me nyuam nyiam ib qho khoom ua si, thiab nws txoj kev xav tau nqus los ntawm nws.
  • Muaj qeeb hauv kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus - los ntawm 12-16 lub hlis tus menyuam tsis ua suab nrov, yuav tsis rov hais dua ib tus lus me me.
  • Cov me nyuam nrog ASD tsis tshua luag.
  • Qee tus menyuam yaus hnov mob rau sab nraud stimuli, xws li suab lossis teeb. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog vim muaj qhov tsis txaus siab.
  • Tus me nyuam coj tus cwj pwm tsis tsim nyog rau lwm tus me nyuam, tsis nrhiav kev sib txuas luslos yog ua si nrog lawv.

Nws tsim nyog hais tam sim ntawd tias cov cim qhia no tsis yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev puas hlwb. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim hais tias txog li 2-3 xyoos cov menyuam yaus loj hlob ib txwm, thiab tom qab ntawd regression tshwm sim, lawv poob kev txawj ntse yav dhau los. Yog tias tsis ntseeg, nws yog qhov zoo dua los sab laj nrog tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb - tsuas yog kws kho mob tuaj yeem kuaj pom tseeb.

Cov tsos mob: cov niam txiv yuav tsum saib xyuas dab tsi?

cov me nyuam uas muaj autism spectrum disorder
cov me nyuam uas muaj autism spectrum disorder

Autism spectrum hauv cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv ntau txoj kev. Txog rau tam sim no, ntau yam tau raug txheeb xyuas tias koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau:

  • Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm kev puas hlwb yog kev cuam tshuam kev sib raug zoo. Cov neeg uas muaj qhov kev kuaj mob no tsis tuaj yeem paub txog cov cim tsis hais lus, tsis hnov lub xeev thiab tsis paub qhov txawv ntawm cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig lawv, uas ua rau muaj teeb meem hauv kev sib txuas lus. Feem ntau muaj teeb meem nrog qhov muag. Cov menyuam yaus zoo li no, txawm tias loj hlob tuaj, tsis nyiam cov neeg tshiab, tsis koom nrog kev ua si. Txawm hais tias muaj kev hlub rau niam txiv, nws nyuaj rau tus menyuam los qhia nws txoj kev xav.
  • Teeb meem hais lus kuj muaj. Tus menyuam pib hais lus ntau tom qab, lossis tsis muaj kev hais lus txhua (nyob ntawm hom kev ua txhaum cai). Cov kws kho mob hais lus feem ntau muaj cov lus me me, tsis meej pem pronouns, tense, lo lus xaus, thiab lwm yam. Cov menyuam yaus tsis to taub cov lus tso dag, sib piv, lawv coj txhua yam lus. Muaj echolalia.
  • Autism spectrum nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, kev txav mus los. ATtib lub sijhawm, lawv pom tias nws nyuaj rau kev sib tham nrog kev piav tes piav taw.
  • Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws autism yog cov qauv coj cwj pwm rov ua dua. Piv txwv li, ib tug me nyuam sai sai tau mus taug kev ib txoj kev thiab tsis kam tig mus rau lwm txoj kev los yog mus rau lub khw tshiab. Yog li-hu ua "rituals" feem ntau tsim, piv txwv li, ua ntej koj yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm txoj cai thom khwm thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd sab laug, los yog ua ntej koj yuav tsum pov cov suab thaj rau hauv lub khob thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd ncuav dej, tab sis tsis muaj qhov sib txawv.. Ib qho kev sib txawv ntawm cov tswv yim tsim los ntawm tus menyuam tuaj yeem nrog kev tawm tsam nrov, haum rau kev npau taws, kev ua phem.
  • Tus menyuam yaus tuaj yeem txuas rau ib qho khoom ua si lossis khoom tsis ua si. Cov menyuam yaus cov kev ua si feem ntau tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus, piv txwv li, nws tsis tawm tsam nrog cov tub rog ua si, tsis tsim tsev fuabtais rau tus ntxhais huabtais, nws tsis yob tsheb ncig lub tsev.
  • Cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws tuaj yeem raug kev txom nyem los ntawm hyper- lossis hyposensitivity. Piv txwv li, muaj cov menyuam yaus uas hnov mob rau lub suab, thiab, raws li cov neeg laus uas muaj kev kuaj mob zoo sib xws twb tau sau tseg, lub suab nrov tsis yog ua rau lawv ntshai, tab sis ua rau mob hnyav. Tib yam siv tau rau kinesthetic rhiab heev - tus me nyuam tsis txias, los yog, tsis muaj peev xwm taug kev barefoot ntawm cov nyom, raws li cov kev xav ntshai nws.
  • Ib nrab ntawm cov menyuam uas muaj tus kabmob zoo sib xws muaj kev noj zaub mov zoo - lawv tsis kam noj zaub mov (piv txwv li, liab), nyiam ib lub tais.
  • Nws yog feem ntau lees paub tias cov neeg muaj autistic muaj qee yam kev txawj ntse. Cov lus noyuam kev. High-functioning autistics yuav muaj qhov nruab nrab lossis me ntsis siab dua qhov nruab nrab kev txawj ntse. Tab sis nrog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, kev loj hlob qeeb yog qhov ua tau. Tsuas yog 5-10% ntawm cov neeg uas muaj qhov kev kuaj mob no yeej muaj kev txawj ntse siab heev.

Cov me nyuam uas muaj autism tsis tas yuav muaj tag nrho cov tsos mob saum toj no - txhua tus me nyuam muaj cov kab mob sib txawv, thiab txawv qhov hnyav.

Kev faib tawm ntawm cov kab mob autistic (Nikolskaya kev faib tawm)

Autism Spectrum Disorders muaj ntau haiv neeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb txog tus kab mob tseem ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua, yog li muaj ntau yam kev faib tawm. Nikolskaya kev faib tawm yog nrov ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv thiab lwm tus kws tshaj lij; nws yog nws uas tau coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum teeb tsa cov tswv yim kho. Autism spectrum tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub pawg:

  • thawj pab pawg yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ua txhaum loj tshaj plaws thiab nyuaj tshaj plaws. Cov menyuam yaus uas muaj qhov kev kuaj mob no tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm rau lawv tus kheej, lawv tsis tas yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog lwm tus. Cov neeg mob tsis hais lus.
  • Hauv cov menyuam yaus ntawm pab pawg thib ob, koj tuaj yeem pom tias muaj kev txwv hnyav hauv cov qauv coj cwj pwm. Ib qho kev hloov pauv hauv cov tswv yim (piv txwv li, qhov tsis sib xws hauv kev niaj hnub niaj hnub lossis ib puag ncig) tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm kev ua phem thiab kev tawg. Tus me nyuam yog qhib heev, tab sis nws cov lus yog yooj yim, ua rau echolalia. Cov menyuam yaus hauv pab pawg no muaj peev xwm rov tsim dua tshiab txhua hnub.
  • Pab pawg thib peb yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm tus cwj pwm nyuaj dua: cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem mob siab rau qee tuskev kawm, muab cov kwj ntawm kev paub encyclopedic thaum tham. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws nyuaj rau tus menyuam los tsim kev sib tham ob txoj hauv kev, thiab kev paub txog lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig yog tawg.
  • Cov menyuam yaus ntawm pawg plaub twb tau ua tsis zoo thiab txawm tias tus cwj pwm tsis zoo, tab sis hauv pab pawg lawv ntshai thiab txaj muag, nyuaj rau kev sib cuag thiab tsis qhia kev pib thaum sib txuas lus nrog lwm tus menyuam. Tej zaum yuav nyuaj rau kev xav.

YAsperger Syndrome

Asperger's syndrome yog ib hom kev ua haujlwm siab autism. Qhov kev ua txhaum cai no txawv ntawm daim ntawv classical. Piv txwv li, tus me nyuam muaj qhov qeeb qeeb ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus. Cov menyuam yaus zoo li no yooj yim sib cuag, tuaj yeem khaws kev sib tham, txawm tias nws zoo li monologue. Tus neeg mob tuaj yeem tham tau ntau teev txog yam uas nws nyiam, thiab nws nyuaj heev kom txwv nws.

Cov menyuam yaus tsis xav ua si nrog lawv cov phooj ywg, tab sis lawv nyiam ua qhov tsis zoo. Los ntawm txoj kev, kuj muaj lub cev clumsiness. Feem ntau, cov menyuam yaus uas muaj Asperger's syndrome muaj kev txawj ntse tshwj xeeb thiab kev nco zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws los txog rau tej yam uas lawv nyiam.

Kev kuaj mob niaj hnub

autism spectrum mob
autism spectrum mob

Autism spectrum tseem ceeb heev los kuaj xyuas lub sijhawm. Kev txiav txim siab sai dua qhov muaj kev ua txhaum cai hauv tus menyuam, qhov sai dua nws yuav muaj peev xwm pib kho. Kev cuam tshuam thaum ntxov hauv kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam ua rau kom muaj kev vam meej.

Yog tus menyuam muaj cov tsos mob saum toj no, nws tsim nyog hu rau tus kws kho mob hlwb lossis tus kws kho mob hlwb. Raws li txoj cai, rauCov menyuam yaus raug pom nyob rau ntau qhov xwm txheej: raws li cov tsos mob tam sim no, tus kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias tus menyuam muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws autism spectrum. Kev sab laj nrog lwm tus kws kho mob, xws li tus kws kho mob otolaryngologist, kuj tseem yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas tus neeg mob lub rooj sib hais. Ib qho electroencephalogram tso cai rau koj los txiav txim seb qhov muaj mob vwm foci, uas feem ntau ua ke nrog autism. Qee zaum, kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic tests tau raug sau tseg, nrog rau kev ntsuas magnetic resonance (tso cai rau koj los kawm txog cov qauv ntawm lub hlwb, txiav txim siab qhov muaj cov neoplasms thiab kev hloov pauv).

tshuaj Autism

Autism tsis tuaj yeem hloov kho rau kev kho tshuaj. Kev kho tshuaj tsuas yog qhia yog tias muaj lwm yam mob. Piv txwv li, qee zaum, tus kws kho mob yuav sau tshuaj serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Cov tshuaj no yog siv los tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug me nyuam autistic, lawv muaj peev xwm txo tau kev ntxhov siab vim, txhim kho tus cwj pwm, thiab nce kev kawm. Nootropics pab normalize ntshav ncig hauv lub hlwb, txhim kho concentration.

Thaum muaj mob vwm, siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov tshuaj Psychotropic yog siv thaum tus neeg mob muaj zog, tsis muaj kev tswj hwm ntawm kev ua phem. Ntxiv dua thiab, tag nrho cov tshuaj saum toj no muaj zog heev thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo thaum cov koob tshuaj ntau dhau yog siab heev. Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj teeb meem lawv yuav tsum tau siv yam tsis tau tso cai.

Kev kho ua haujlwm nrog cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev puas hlwb autism

yoog rawsautism spectrum program
yoog rawsautism spectrum program

Yuav ua li cas yog tias tus menyuam raug kuaj mob autism? Txoj kev kho rau cov menyuam yaus ntawm autism spectrum yog muab tso ua ke ib leeg. Tus me nyuam xav tau kev pab los ntawm ib pab pawg kws tshwj xeeb, tshwj xeeb, cov chav kawm nrog tus kws kho hlwb, tus kws kho mob hais lus thiab tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb, kev sib tham nrog tus kws kho mob hlwb, kev tawm dag zog nrog tus kws kho lub cev (rau qhov mob hnyav thiab tsis paub lub cev). Kev kho yog maj mam, zaj lus qhia los ntawm zaj lus qhia. Cov menyuam yaus raug qhia kom hnov cov duab thiab qhov loj me, nrhiav kev sib tham, kev sib raug zoo, koom nrog thiab pib ua zaj dab neeg. Cov menyuam yaus uas muaj autism tau qhia cov chav kawm txuj ci kev sib raug zoo uas cov menyuam kawm ua si ua ke, ua raws li kev coj noj coj ua thiab pab txhim kho qee tus cwj pwm hauv zej zog.

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm tus kws kho hais lus yog kev txhim kho kev hais lus thiab kev hnov lus, nce cov lus, qhia yuav ua li cas sau cov lus luv thiab tom qab ntawd cov kab lus ntev. Cov kws tshaj lij kuj sim qhia tus menyuam kom paub qhov txawv ntawm lub suab hais lus thiab kev xav ntawm lwm tus. Ib qho kev hloov kho autism spectrum kuj xav tau nyob rau hauv kindergartens thiab tsev kawm ntawv. Hmoov tsis zoo, tsis yog txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv (tshwj xeeb yog cov xeev) tuaj yeem muab cov kws tshaj lij tsim nyog los ua haujlwm nrog cov kws kho mob.

Kev qhia thiab kev kawm

Autism spectrum cov kev pab cuam rau menyuam yaus
Autism spectrum cov kev pab cuam rau menyuam yaus

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho yog qhia cov menyuam yaus kev sib raug zoo, txhim kho lub peev xwm rau tus cwj pwm tsis zoo, kev tshwm sim ntawm kev pib. Txog hnub timnrov yog cov kev kawm suav nrog, uas xav tias tus menyuam uas muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws autism yuav kawm nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntawm cov menyuam yaus. Tau kawg, qhov "kev taw qhia" tshwm sim maj mam. Txhawm rau qhia tus menyuam rau pab pawg, xav tau cov kws qhia paub txog, thiab qee zaum tus kws qhia ntawv (tus neeg muaj kev kawm tshwj xeeb thiab kev txawj ntse uas nrog tus menyuam hauv tsev kawm, kho nws tus cwj pwm thiab saib xyuas kev sib raug zoo hauv pab pawg).

Nws zoo li cov menyuam uas muaj kev tsis taus no yuav xav tau kev kawm hauv cov tsev kawm tshwj xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov tub ntxhais kawm uas muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws autism hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv dav dav. Txhua yam nyob ntawm tus menyuam tus mob, qhov hnyav ntawm cov tsos mob, nws muaj peev xwm kawm.

Hnub no, autism yog suav tias yog tus kab mob kho tsis tau. Kev kwv yees tsis zoo rau txhua tus. Cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws autism, tab sis nrog qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev txawj ntse thiab kev hais lus (tsum mus txog 6 xyoo), nrog rau kev cob qhia thiab kev kho kom raug, tej zaum yuav muaj kev ywj pheej yav tom ntej. Hmoov tsis zoo, qhov no tsis yog ib txwm muaj.

Pom zoo: