Tracheal stenosis: ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob thiab kho

Cov txheej txheem:

Tracheal stenosis: ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob thiab kho
Tracheal stenosis: ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob thiab kho

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Stenosis ntawm lub trachea yog ib qho mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev nyuaj ntawm kev hla huab cua los ntawm lub qhov ntswg mus rau qhov qis ntawm qhov ua pa. Ob qho tib si organic thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo tuaj yeem ua rau tus kab mob. Pathology yog congenital los yog kis tau. Raws li kev txheeb cais, tracheal stenosis raug kuaj pom hauv 0.4-21% ntawm tag nrho cov mob ntawm kev ua pa sab sauv.

Ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm pathology

Cov tsos mob ntawm tracheal stenosis
Cov tsos mob ntawm tracheal stenosis

Cov kab mob no txaus ntshai rau lub neej thiab kev noj qab haus huv, yog li nws yuav tsum tau kho tam sim. Tab sis ua ntej koj yuav tsum paub seb dab tsi provoked tus kab mob. Qhov ua rau tracheal stenosis yog:

  • Cov tshuab compression ntawm ib lub cev los ntawm cov qog los yog cov qog nqaij hlav o. Kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov thyroid caj pas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem.
  • YPurulent pathologies.
  • Kev phais mob qhov caws pliav tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw trachea.
  • Tshuaj lossis thermal hlawv ntawm cov mucous.
  • Congenital malformations of the respiratory tract.
  • Tuberculosis lossis lwm yam pathologies ntawm tus kab mob sib kis,inflammatory txheej txheem.
  • Nyob hauv lub cev txawv teb chaws hauv lub larynx.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis haum tuaj yeem ua rau mob tracheal stenosis yog tias nws nrog Quincke's edema. Ntev intubation adversely cuam tshuam rau cov hlab ntsha. Cov ntaub so ntswg, tsis ua tiav lawv txoj haujlwm, pib atrophy.

theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm pathology

Tracheal stenosis pab
Tracheal stenosis pab

Yog li, yog tias nws paub meej tias dab tsi ua rau tracheal stenosis, nws tseem yuav tsum tau xav txog cov theem ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob. Lawv yog:

  1. Nyiaj pab. Nyob rau theem no, cov tsos mob yuav luag tsis pom. Ib tug neeg tej zaum yuav ua tsis taus pa luv thiab ua tsis taus pa nyuaj. Feem ntau qhov no tshwm sim tom qab kev tawm dag zog.
  2. Subcompensated. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ua tsis taus pa teeb meem tshwm sim txawm tias ib tug me ntsis load. Ib tug neeg nce ntaiv, taug kev ntev.
  3. Decompensated. Nyob rau theem no, cov tsos mob tshwm sim txawm tias thaum so. Yuav kom daws tau lawv, ib tug neeg yuav tsum tau ua lub luag haujlwm yuam kev.
  4. Stage of asphyxia. Qhov no yog ib qho mob tuag taus. Thaum tsis muaj kev saib xyuas xwm txheej ceev, ib tug neeg tuag hauv feeb.

Kev mob tracheal stenosis sai dua, txoj kev tuag ntau dua, yog li cov tsos mob tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej.

Kev faib kab mob

Kev kuaj mob stenosis ntawm trachea
Kev kuaj mob stenosis ntawm trachea

Cov kab mob no tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov mob hnyav lossis mob ntev. Hauv thawj kis, cov tsos mob tshwm sim sai, kev phom sij rau lub neej nce. Daim ntawv mob feem ntau xav tauresuscitation.

Tsis tas li ntawd, kev faib tawm ntawm tracheal stenosis muab rau cov hom hauv qab no:

  1. Congenital (tso tshwm sim vim qhov ua tsis tiav ntawm kev loj hlob hauv plab).
  2. Pib. Nws ua rau yog kev hloov pauv pathological hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub trachea nws tus kheej vim kev siv tshuab, tshuaj lom neeg lossis thermal puas.
  3. Secondary. Ntawm no yog lwm yam tseem ceeb tuaj yeem ua rau stenosis: qog nqaij hlav, cov qog ntshav loj.
  4. Idiopathic. Hauv qhov no, nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov laj thawj.
  5. Tshuaj. Nws tshwm sim vim yog dej ntws ntawm lub ntsws cov ntaub so ntswg nrog cua.
  6. Cicatricial. Nws qhov ua rau yog qhov pom ntawm kev nruj tom qab kev phais.

Yog tias cov txheej txheem pathological ntes tsuas yog qee thaj chaw, ces nws raug txwv. Nrog rau ib daim ntawv, tag nrho lub cev raug cuam tshuam. Kev faib tawm ntawm tracheal stenosis yuav raug txiav txim siab txog hom kab mob thiab siv kev kho mob zoo.

Cov tsos mob ntawm pathology

Tracheal stenosis txheeb cais
Tracheal stenosis txheeb cais

Kev tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob nyob ntawm daim ntawv ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob. Muaj cov tsos mob hauv qab no ntawm tracheal stenosis:

ntse zoo Chronic form
  • Hloov lub suab ua pa.
  • Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tsis hnov tsw ntawm qhov tsis muaj qhov kis kab mob ntawm txoj hlab pa.
  • Tuag ntshav siab.
  • Hloov cov tawv nqaij: nws dhau los ua xim xiav.
  • hnoos fits.
  • Kev nyuaj siab ntawm kev nco qab
  • Raumob hawb pob.
  • ua tsis taus pa.
  • Tsis muaj peev xwm tiv taus hnyav hnyav.
  • Kev suav nrog cov leeg nqaij intercostal ntxiv hauv cov txheej txheem ua pa.
  • Teeb meem nrog kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev ntawm menyuam yaus

Congenital tracheal stenosis tshwm yuav luag tam sim ntawd. Tus me nyuam tsis xis nyob, nws nyuaj rau nws pub niam mis, nws tsis tuaj yeem noj ib txwm.

Kev kuaj mob stenosis

Kev kho mob ntawm tracheal stenosis
Kev kho mob ntawm tracheal stenosis

Ua ntej pib kev kho mob tracheal stenosis, koj yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas. Kev kuaj mob suav nrog kev siv cov txheej txheem xws li:

  1. Kev kuaj ntshav (general thiab biochemical), tso zis. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev kuaj mob hauv chaw kuaj mob suav nrog kev txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm trachea. Ntawm no, ntaus ntawv ntawm cov kab mob tam sim no tau ua tiav, nrog rau kev sim lawv qhov rhiab heev rau tshuaj.
  2. Spirography. Ua tsaug rau nws, qhov ceev ntawm huab cua nkag mus rau hauv lub trachea, nrog rau cov degree ntawm nws qhov nqaim, txiav txim siab.
  3. Direct laryngoscopy.
  4. Stroboscopy.
  5. Fibronchoscopy. Ntawm no, kev kuaj xyuas cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub trachea yog ua los ntawm kev sojntsuam nrog lub koob yees duab me me. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov kws kho mob tuaj yeem nqa lawv cov khoom seem rau kev tshuaj xyuas keeb kwm yav dhau los.
  6. Arteriography. Qhov kev tshawb fawb no yog ua los ntawm kev siv tus neeg sawv cev sib txawv. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom paub meej lossis tsis lees paub qhov muaj tus mob angioma.
  7. CT lossis MRI. Cov tswv yim no yuav pab txiav txim siab qhov ua rau thiab hom kab mob.
  8. Lub cev nqaij daim tawv. Siv kev tshawb fawb los txiav tximdegree ntawm nqaim ntawm lub trachea, poob ntawm kev ua pa ua pa.

Tsuas yog qhov kev ntsuam xyuas dav dav yuav ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau qhov tseeb. Kev xaiv kev kho tsis raug ua rau muaj kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological.

Kev pab xwm txheej kub ntxhov rau tus neeg raug tsim txom

Yog tsis muab rau tus neeg thaum muaj mob hnyav, nws yuav tuag. Ntxiv mus, nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua txhua yam kev ua ub no ntawm thawj theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological, txij li thaum lawv tsuas yog tsis pab. Koj yuav tsum ua cov haujlwm hauv qab no:

  1. Organize air flow. Koj yuav tsum qhib qhov rais hauv chav, tshem tag nrho cov khaub ncaws uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua pa thiab txwv kev txav mus los.
  2. Reassure tus neeg mob. Qhov nws zoo siab heev, qhov spasm yuav ntau.
  3. Yog tus me nyuam muaj kev tawm tsam, nws raug tso cai muab cov tshuaj pleev plhu rau ntawm ko taw kom hloov nws lub siab.
  4. Tus neeg mob tuaj yeem muab tshuaj yej sov rau haus, thiab hauv me me sips.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb hu rau lub tsheb thauj neeg mob, txawm tias tus neeg raug mob tau zoo lawm.

kev kho mob

Tracheal stenosis ua rau
Tracheal stenosis ua rau

Kev kho mob tracheal stenosis ua tau ntau txoj hauv kev. Yog hais tias pathology yog ntev, ces kev kho mob yuav pab tau nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov ua sawv. Tus neeg mob tau muab cov tshuaj hauv qab no:

  1. Mucolitics: ACC, Lazolvan.
  2. Antitussives: "Sinekod".
  3. Vitamin complexes, antioxidants: "Tocopherol".
  4. NSAIDs: Nimesil.
  5. Immunostimulants.

Kev kho mob cicatrici altracheal stenosis yog ua los ntawm tracheoscopy. Kev npaj tshwj xeeb yog nkag mus rau hauv cov txheej txheem tsim, uas muaj cov enzymes, glucocorticoids. Irrigation nrog tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob kuj tau xyaum.

Tsis muaj txiaj ntsig tsawg txoj hauv kev kho kab mob yog acupuncture, kho lub cev, thiab zaws. Kev tawm dag zog tshwj xeeb rau tracheal stenosis kuj tseem pab tau. Nov yog ob peb yam:

  • paired ua pa luv los ntawm lub qhov ncauj, ntev, qeeb exhalation ntawm lub qhov ntswg;
  • ntev, qeeb nqus los ntawm lub qhov ncauj, ua ke luv exhalations los ntawm lub qhov ntswg;
  • nrog qhov ntswg pinched: ntev, ua pa qeeb, ua pa luv luv;
  • ua piv txwv ntawm kev sib nqus nqus pa-exhalations nrog kev pab ntawm cov leeg plab nrog lub qhov ntswg kaw thiab qhov ncauj.

Raws li daim ntawv mob hnyav, cov tshuaj steroids raug txhaj rau hauv cov hlab ntsha los txhim kho tus neeg mob tus mob. Qhov kev kho no siv sijhawm 3-4 hnub, tom qab ntawd kev kho mob tau ua rau lwm lub lis piam siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qhov ncauj.

Surgery

Cicatricial stenosis ntawm trachea kev kho mob
Cicatricial stenosis ntawm trachea kev kho mob

Thaum qhov tsis ua tiav ntawm kev kho kom zoo, tus neeg mob tau txais kev kho mob phais tracheal stenosis. Ntxiv mus, kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem sib txawv. Qee tus ntawm lawv yog tsom rau kev khaws cia lub cev thiab kho nws txoj haujlwm, thaum lwm tus yog radical thiab koom nrog kev teeb tsa ntawm cov khoom siv dag zog.

Cov haujlwm khaws cia lub cev muaj xws li:

  • Bougienage with an endoscope.
  • Tshem tawm cov nti thiab lawv cov adhesions.
  • Dilatation sivballoon.
  • Laser vaporization.

Tsis muaj qhov nrov tsawg yog kev teeb tsa ntawm stent. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev cuam tshuam no yog ib ntus. Tom qab 1.5 xyoo, cov cuab yeej raug tshem tawm. Yog tias cov txheej txheem zoo li no tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, ces qhov nqaim ntawm lub trachea raug tshem tawm ntawm tus neeg, ua raws li tus neeg mob anastomosis.

Yog qhov ua rau stenosis yog qog, ces nws yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm. Ntawm no, qhov xwm txheej ntawm neoplasm thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm kab mob oncological twb tau coj mus rau hauv tus account. Qee lub sij hawm siv tracheal hloov pauv.

Txoj kev npaj rau kev phais

Txhua yam kev phais mob yuav tsum tau npaj. Thaum ua tau zoo, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem raug txo. Tsuas yog ib tus kws kho mob uas paub txog yuav tsum ua qhov haujlwm. Hauv qhov no, tus neeg mob tau txais kev kuaj mob ua ntej.

Yog tias muaj mob stenosis tau tshwm sim, ces tracheostomy yuav tsum tau ua sai sai. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhawm rau kom tsis txhob kis kab mob ntawm qhov txhab, qhov chaw phais yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj tua kab mob kom zoo.

Txoj haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm

Cov txheej txheem no hnyav heev. 2 hnub ua ntej tus txheej txheem, tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau mus rau kev kho mob tshuaj tua kab mob. Nws yuav pab kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem purulent, nrog rau kev kis kab mob ntawm lub qhov txhab. Yog tias qhov xwm txheej nyuaj thiab koj yuav tsum tau ua qhov xwm txheej ceev tracheostomy, ces cov tshuaj tua kab mob raug muab rau thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam.

Thaum muab tshuaj rau kev ua haujlwm, tus kws kho mob tshuaj xyuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus neeg mob, qib ntawm hypoxia. Txhua yam kev cuam tshuam ntawm hom no yog ua raws li kev tshuaj loog.

Surgery ntawm lub larynx thiablub trachea yuav tsum muaj kev txawj ntse los ntawm tus kws kho mob. Nws yog complex thiab technologies. Yog tias koj xav tau nruab ib lub prosthesis, ces koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb nws puas yuav ruaj khov lossis ib ntus. Hauv qhov thib ob, cov cuab yeej raug tshem tawm ntawm lub ntsws tom qab tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo.

Thaum xaiv cov khoom siv tes ua, koj yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau hypoallergenicity, cov ntaub ntawv zoo (lawv yuav tsum muaj kev lom zem, tsis muaj tshuaj lom, ib puag ncig zoo). Tsis tas li ntawd, lub raj tsim khoom yuav tsum hloov pauv tau txaus, tab sis muaj zog, tiv taus rau sab hauv thiab sab nraud yam tsis zoo.

Lub sijhawm ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj prosthesis ib ntus yog txiav txim siab tus kheej. Nws tag nrho nyob ntawm seb qhov ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev yuav rov qab los sai npaum li cas.

Rehabilitation period

Tom qab tus neeg mob tawm hauv tsev kho mob, nws tseem nyob hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm tus kws phais uas ua haujlwm rau nws. Txhua 2-3 lub lis piam, tus neeg ua pa ua haujlwm raug kuaj pom. Thaum lub sijhawm rov ua haujlwm tom qab, tus neeg mob tau txais kev kho lub cev, nqus pa, thiab ua pa tawm.

Ib tug neeg tuaj yeem pib ua haujlwm tsis pub dhau 2-3 lub lis piam. Yog tias tus neeg mob tau kuaj pom tias muaj kab mob pathology ntev, lub sijhawm ntawm kev tsis taus yog ntev dua. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias kev ua si lub cev hnyav, cawv thiab luam yeeb yog contraindicated thaum lub sij hawm rov qab los. Kev cob qhia kis las tuaj yeem rov pib dua sai li tus kws kho mob tso cai.

Tiv thaiv kab mob

Yuav kom zam kev tawm tsam thib ob lossis tsis uativ thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm daim ntawv kis tus kab mob. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum ua raws li kev tiv thaiv hauv qab no:

  • Kho txhua lub sijhawm kho mob thiab kis kab mob hauv lub cev. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau cov kab mob lymphatic thiab cov thyroid caj pas.
  • Tiv thaiv kab mob ua pa, kab mob ua pa.
  • Txhua xyoo, raug kuaj tiv thaiv, ua x-rays.
  • Tsis txhob ua pa luam yeeb lossis tshuaj lom.
  • Yog tias koj muaj tracheostomy raj, nws yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas.

Stenosis yog ib qho mob hnyav heev uas lub lumen ntawm sab sauv ntawm txoj hlab pa nqaim. Nws ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau lub neej, yog li yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog kws kho mob.

Pom zoo: