Hauv kab lus, peb yuav xav txog cov laj thawj vim li cas leukocytes pom hauv cov hnoos qeev. Sputum yog ib qho paug tawm ntawm cov kab mob ua pa uas yog pathological hauv cov xwm txheej thiab tshwm sim los ntawm kev hnoos. Expectoration yog pov thawj ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv ob sab phlu ntawm txoj hlab pa. Kev kuaj xyuas cov hnoos qeev yog dav siv rau kev kuaj mob hauv pathologies ntawm bronchi thiab ntsws.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov txheej txheem ua rau nws muaj peev xwm sib txawv cov kab mob uas nrog hnoos thiab lwm yam kev mob tshwm sim. Koj tuaj yeem sau cov hnoos qeev rau kev sim tom ntej ntawm koj tus kheej lossis nrog kev pab ntawm bronchoscopy - kev kho mob tshwj xeeb. Dab tsi cov qe ntshav dawb hauv cov hnoos qeev hais yog nthuav rau ntau.
Yuav tsum tau kuaj hnoos qeev
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev tshawb no yog los qhia meej qhov kev kuaj mob. Hauv cov neeg noj qab haus huv, sputum tsis yogua.
Kev nce qib ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological hauv lub ntsws lossis bronchi ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov haujlwm ntawm cov qauv sib xws, nrog rau kev txhim kho mob hauv siab, ua tsis taus pa, hnoos. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus nqi ntawm cov hnoos qeev ua rau nce, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov kab mob microflora yog ua tau. Yog li ntawd, tus neeg mob tsim ib qho hnoos nrog hnoos qeev. Dab tsi ntawm leukocytes nyob rau hauv qhov tsis pub leejtwg paub txhais tau tias tseem ceeb kom paub ua ntej.
Muab qhov kev kuaj pom thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tsom xam pom, tus kws tshaj lij txiav txim siab qhov kev kawm tsim nyog. Kev siv ntau yam kev xaiv rau kev soj ntsuam cov hnoos qeev ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los ntsuam xyuas lub physicochemical thaj chaw ntawm cov kua dej, kev hloov hauv cytological xwm (muaj cov qog nqaij hlav cancer), thiab cov kab mob ntxeem tau. Feem ntau, leukocytes pom nyob rau hauv cov hnoos qeev loj.
Ntau yam kev tshawb fawb
Kev tshawb fawb ntawm bronchial secretions tuaj yeem ua tsis tau tsuas yog nrog kev siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, tab sis kuj nrog qhov muag liab qab.
Raws li cov kab mob xav tau los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij, cov kev kuaj mob hauv qab no yuav raug siv:
- Kev kuaj hnoos qeev hauv chav kuaj. Tus kws kho mob soj ntsuam cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev ntawm cov hnoos qeev uas ua los ntawm hnoos.
- Kev kuaj mob microscopic (cytological). Txhawm rau ua qhov kev kuaj mob uas tsim nyog, tus kws pab kuaj mob siv lub tshuab tsom. Los ntawm kev nthuav cov duab, kev kawm ntawm cov kua yog nqa tawm. Cov txheej txheem no tso cai rau koj los txiav txim qhov muaj lossis tsis muaj cov kab mob pathological,muaj peev xwm tshwm sim hauv cov hnoos qeev hauv qee yam pathologies.
- tshuaj. Hauv qhov no, kev ntsuam xyuas yog ua los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv cov metabolism ntawm ciliated epithelium thiab bronchial alveolocytes.
- Sputum kab lis kev cai (kev kuaj kab mob bacteriological). Txoj kev tshawb no yog ua raws li kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov kab mob, uas tau txais los ntawm cov hnoos qeev, ntawm qhov nruab nrab nutrient. Yog hais tias lub colony pib loj hlob, qhov no qhia tau hais tias muaj ib tug pathogen nyob rau hauv lub ua pa system. Ib qho txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm kab lis kev cai yog lub peev xwm los txiav txim siab qhov rhiab ntawm cov kab mob rau qee yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv chav kuaj.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv hnyav ntawm pathologies ntawm cov kab mob ua pa, rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kuaj mob raws sij hawm, tus neeg mob tuaj yeem muab txhua yam kev xaiv rau kev tshawb fawb. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig tau txais, tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb xaiv cov kev kho mob tsim nyog. Feem ntau, leukocytes tsis nyob hauv cov hnoos qeev.
Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias macroscopic lossis kev kuaj xyuas cov hnoos qeev tso cai rau koj los ntsuas cov mucous secretion tam sim tom qab tau txais. Qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no tau siv los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij rau ntau xyoo. Txawm hais tias ua ntej qhov kev tsim cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas niaj hnub thiab lub tshuab tsom iav, cov kws kho mob txiav txim siab qhov kev kuaj mob raws li cov tsos mob ntawm cov hnoos qeev.
Thaum kuaj mob, tus kws tshaj lij tau saib xyuas qee yam.
Quantity
50-1500 ml ntawm cov hnoos qeev tuaj yeem tso rau hauv ib hnub - txhua yam nyob ntawm tus kab mob hauv qab, uas cuam tshuam qhov kev tso tawm ntawm cov qog ntshav ntawm goblet. Ua pa pathologies zoo limob ntsws thiab bronchitis ua rau 200 ml ntawm hnoos qeev ib hnub twg. Leukocytes tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam.
Qhov kev nce ntxiv hauv qhov ntsuas no tau pom thaum cov ntshav lossis cov kua paug nkag mus rau hauv txoj hlab pa, uas tom qab ntawd tawm hauv qhov ua pa tawm. Yog li, nrog bronchiectasis, ib qho dej ntws tawm, lub ntsws ntawm lub ntsws, txog li ib thiab ib nrab litres ntawm cov hnoos qeev tuaj yeem zais.
Dab tsi ntxiv qhov kuaj hnoos qeev qhia? Wb tham txog cov qe ntshav dawb thiab lwm cov hlwb hauv qab no.
Tus yam ntxwv
Raws li qhov ua rau hnoos hnoos, pulmonologists faib cov hnoos qeev rau hauv cov hauv qab no:
- Zoo. Thaum ib feem ntawm cov ntshav los yog ib tus neeg erythrocytes nkag mus rau hauv cov kua, expectorated thaum hnoos, nws kis tau tus yam ntxwv xim. Cov tsos mob no qhia txog kev puas tsuaj ntawm vascular. Tej yam tshwm sim yog actinomycosis, pulmonary infarction, raug mob, mob cancer.
- Mucoid. Nws yog ib qho kev pom zoo. Pathology nyob rau hauv uas mucous hnoos qeev yog secreted - tracheitis, ntev cov ntaub ntawv ntawm bronchitis, bronchial hawb pob.
- Mucopurulent. Qhia txog kev txuas ntxiv ntawm tus kab mob. Ntxiv rau qhov hnoos thiab hnoos qeev, muaj cov kua dej tso tawm, uas yog cov khoom pov tseg ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic thiab cov kab mob uas raug puas tsuaj los ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Tej yam pathologies yog gangrene, kab mob ntawm cov kab mob ntsws, ntsws abscess.
- Purulent. Nws tshwm sim rau tib yam vim li cas mucopurulent. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog tias nws muaj cov khoom siv ntaub so ntswg ntaulwj thiab pus.
Kev ntsuas ntawm qhov tsis pub leej twg paub tso cai rau koj nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem pathological uas txhim kho hauv txoj kev ua pa, xaiv txoj kev kho kom tsim nyog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias leukocytes nce siab hauv cov hnoos qeev.
xim
Xim ntawm nws hloov nyob ntawm nws tus cwj pwm. Kev sib xyaw ua ke yog:
- Mucoid. Tej zaum yuav pob tshab lossis greyish.
- Mucopurulent. Muaj xim grey los yog daj, tej zaum yuav muaj purulent inclusions.
- Purulent. Sputum yog xim av, ntsuab, tsaus daj.
- Zoo. Xws li ntau yam ntxoov liab. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias xim liab qhia tias muaj cov qe ntshav liab hloov pauv hauv cov hnoos qeev. Yog tias lub nkoj puas lawm, cov hnoos qeev yuav liab lossis liab.
Small
Hauv kwv yees li 75% ntawm cov neeg mob, hnoos qeev tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw. Ib qho kev zam tsuas yog cov kua dej purulent. Qhov no aroma yog vim muaj cov ntaub so ntswg tuag nyob rau hauv cov hnoos qeev. Qee zaum, cov ntxhiab tsw tsw qab yuav raug sau tseg - thaum lub cyst tawg hauv lub ntsws, uas muaj cov kab mob helminth (echinococcus) tau tsim.
Layer
Cov mucous secretion secreted thaum lub sij hawm hnoos muaj feem ntau homogeneous qauv. Cov hnoos qeev uas sib cais ua cov txheej txheem qhia txog kev txhim kho cov kab mob hauv qab no:
- Kev mob ntsws ntawm lub ntsws. Hauv qhov no, hnoos qeev tau muab faib ua ob txheej - putrefactive thiab serous.
- Gangrene ntawm lub ntsws. Hauv qhov no, qhov thib peb yog ntxiv rau thawj ob txheej - foamy. Nws qhov tsosvim lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm qee yam kab mob uas tawm cov pa npuas.
Kev tsom xam cov hnoos qeev tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab sai yam tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb ntxiv.
Impurities
Mucous secretion yuav muaj cov impurities hauv qab no: kua dej, kua paug, qe ntshav liab. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov kev suav no tso cai rau tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb los txiav txim siab txog qib ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub ntsws, kom nkag siab qhov pathology yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv txhua qhov chaw kho mob tshwj xeeb.
Sputum chemistry
Tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ntawm bronchial secretions tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab seb cov txheej txheem pathological zoo li cas. Nrog rau cov txiaj ntsig tau txais, tus kws kho mob xaiv cov kev kho mob uas tsim nyog los tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm ciliated epithelium.
Reaction
Qib ib txwm ntawm cov hnoos qeev acidity yog pH 7-11. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm disintegration ntawm lub ntsws cov ntaub so ntswg, oxidation ntawm lub zais cia tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub acidity Performance index yog 6. Yog vim li cas rau cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv acidity qhov tseem ceeb yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub cuam tshuam metabolism ntawm minerals thiab ntsev.
YProtein
Protein yuav luag ib txwm muaj nyob hauv cov hnoos qeev. Feem ntau, nws tus nqi yog 0.3%. Kev nce me ntsis ntawm qhov ntsuas no (txog li 1-2%) tuaj yeem qhia txog kev loj hlob ntawm tuberculosis. Ib qho tseem ceeb nce - mus txog 10-20% - yog ib qho kev qhia ntawm kev tsim ntawm lobar mob ntsws. Kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov hnoos qeev nrog kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov protein ntau ua rau nws muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv ntawm cov kab mob no tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev kawm ntawm daim duab kho mob (mob hauvhauv siab, ua tsis taus pa, hnoos) thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lwm cov kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb. Tus nqi ntawm leukocytes nyob rau hauv cov hnoos qeev yog dab tsi, cov neeg mob feem ntau nug. Xav paub ntau ntxiv tom qab.
Bile pigments
Bile pigments (cholesterol microparticles) tuaj yeem tso rau hauv cov hnoos qeev yog tias muaj cov kab mob hauv qab no:
- Malignant neoplasms ntawm txoj hlab pa.
- YEnterococcal cyst.
- Abscess.
Kev tshuaj ntsuam microscopic
Kev kuaj xyuas microscopic ntawm bronchial secretions tso cai rau koj los txiav txim seb muaj cov kab mob lossis cov hlwb (uas ib txwm yuav tsum tsis tuaj) siv lub tshuab kho qhov muag.
Epithelial cells
Kev muaj cov hlwb epithelial hauv cov hnoos qeev yog qhov txawv txav. Nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm kev soj ntsuam microscopic, tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov hlwb, cov tsos ntawm cov thooj voos kheej kheej ntawm epithelial. Daim duab no qhia txog kev puas tsuaj rau txoj hlab pa thiab nws cov ntaub so ntswg.
Alveolar macrophages
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlwb no yog los muab kev tiv thaiv hauv zos. Sputum yuav muaj me me ntawm alveolar macrophages. Nrog rau kev nce ntxiv hauv lawv cov concentration, ib tus tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog qhov muaj cov txheej txheem mob ntev (tracheitis, hawb pob, bronchiectasis, bronchitis).
Leukocytes hauv cov hnoos qeev
Qhov ntsuas no qhia tau zoo heev. Feem ntau, leukocytes hauv cov hnoos qeev yuav tsum tsis tuaj. Ntxiv mus, txoj cai no sib npaug rau cov txiv neej thiabpoj niam. Lub xub ntiag ntawm leukocytes hauv cov hnoos qeev qhia tias muaj cov txheej txheem mob hnyav uas tuaj yeem tsim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm kab mob. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov kab mob hauv qab no tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv lub cev: bronchiectasis, mob ntsws, abscess. Tus kws kho mob xaiv cov kev kho mob nyob ntawm seb hom kab mob twg ua rau muaj cov leukocytes hauv cov hnoos qeev.
Cia peb xav txog qhov teeb meem no kom ntxaws.
Hauv kev xyaum, ib txwm leukocytes hauv cov hnoos qeev hauv cov poj niam thiab cov txiv neej muaj li ntawm 2 txog 5 units. Cov no feem ntau yog neutrophils, tab sis tej zaum yuav muaj lwm hom qe ntshav dawb. Nws txhais li cas yog tias leukocytes hauv cov hnoos qeev tau deviated los ntawm cov qauv hauv cov poj niam thiab cov txiv neej? Nws nyob ntawm seb hom ntawm lawv txhais tau li cas.
Cov neutrophils hais saum toj no muaj nyob rau hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam yog tias ib tus neeg muaj qee yam kab mob ntawm cov kab mob ua pa: bronchitis, mob ntsws, thiab lwm yam. Eosinophils kuj tuaj yeem pom nyob hauv cov hnoos qeev. Lawv yog cov cim ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj: kev ua xua rau paj ntoos, bronchial hawb pob, txawm tias kab mob helminth. Qee lub sij hawm cov lymphocytes pom nyob rau hauv cov hnoos qeev, thiab qhov no qhia tau hais tias tib neeg muaj kab mob hnoos hawb pob, tuberculosis.
Piv txwv li, 30 leukocytes tau pom hauv cov hnoos qeev. Qhov no yuav qhia tau tias mob bronchitis. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov tsis pub leejtwg paub yog xim xim thiab, ntxiv rau leukocytes, macrophages, thiab coccal flora hauv ntau qhov ntau, nws yuav muaj me ntsis admixture ntawm erythrocytes.
20 leukocytes hauv cov hnoos qeev tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv bronchiectasis lossis tseem mob ntsws mob ntsws. Kev kuaj mob tau uaraws li lwm qhov ntsuas.
Erythrocytes
Erythrocytes hauv cov hnoos qeev raug kuaj pom yog tias muaj cov hlab ntsha loj lossis me me. Tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb txiav txim seb qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov ntshav los ntawm qhov concentration ntawm lub cev no. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia cais cov tsos ntawm bronchial secretion ntawm hloov kho erythrocytes nkag mus rau hauv lub dilated vascular phab ntsa nyob rau hauv tsis muaj rupture ntawm tom kawg. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm pathology yog croupous pneumonia.
YElastic fibers
Qhov muaj cov fibers hauv cov mucous secretion qhia tias mob ntsws loj heev, nrog rau cov ntaub so ntswg tawg. Cov piv txwv tseem ceeb ntawm xws li pathologies yog: tuberculosis, lig theem ntawm bronchiectasis, gangrene, mob qog noj ntshav, nrog rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub cev parenchyma.
Tumor cells
Cov tsos mob ntawm atypical hlwb hauv bronchial secretion qhia txog kev txhim kho oncological. Txhawm rau kom paub meej qhov chaw thiab hom kab mob, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua cov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias nrog kev pab los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas microscopic, kev sib txawv ntawm tes kuj tuaj yeem tsim tau. Qhov tsawg dua cov hlwb hloov pauv zoo ib yam li qub, qhov kev cia siab ntawm cov kab mob phem zuj zus.
Kev kuaj mob tuberculosis mycobacteria
Dab tsi leukocytes hauv cov hnoos qeev txhais tau tias tam sim no paub. Kev kuaj mob microbiological ntawm qhov tsis pub leejtwg paub yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los kuaj xyuas tuberculosis. Tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tus kab mob pathology yog Koch lub wand.
Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov kab mob yog txiav txim siab siv lub tshuab tsom. Nrog lub hom phiaj ntawmRau kev pom cov kab mob, cov khoom siv biomaterial yuav tsum tau stained raws li txoj kev Ziehl-Neelsen. Thaum Koch's bacillus pom nyob rau hauv cov hnoos qeev, tus kws tshaj lij qhia BK (+) hauv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas. Qhov no qhia tau tias tus kab mob tau txheeb xyuas hauv cov kua. Cov neeg mob zoo li no yuav tsum raug cais tawm. Yog tias qhov tshwm sim yog BC (-), qhov no txhais tau tias tus neeg mob tsis kis tus kab mob.
kab lis kev cai kab mob kis kab mob ntawm lub ntsws
Kev kuaj kab mob ntawm cov hnoos qeev hauv cov kab mob ua pa ntawm txoj hlab ntsws yog siv los txheeb xyuas cov kab mob kis hauv zej zog (actinomycosis, mob ntsws, thiab lwm yam).
kuaj kab mob kis tau ua nyob rau hauv peb theem:
- Sampling ntawm bronchial mucus rau kev tsom xam.
- Sputum kab lis kev cai ntawm pre-npaj nutrient nruab nrab.
- Reseeding lub xav colony, kawm lub cev, tshuaj yam ntxwv ntawm tus kab mob.
Yog tias tsim nyog, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov kab mob mus rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog tsim los ntawm kev sim ntxiv rhiab heev. Ua li no, lub voj voog ntawm daim ntawv muab tso rau hauv lub tais Petri, uas tau kho nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Cov tshuaj nyob ib ncig ntawm qhov kev puas tsuaj ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov cheeb tsam tau pom zoo siv los kho tus neeg mob.
Kev ntsuas rau kev kuaj dav dav
Tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem pom zoo rau kev kuaj mob dav dav ntawm bronchial secretions hauv yuav luag txhua yam kab mob uas muaj nrog hnoos thiabexpectoration ntawm sputum. Tab sis txoj kev tshawb nrhiav no tsis tshua siv rau kev kis kab mob raws caij nyoog. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, kev rov ua kom hnoos thiab lwm yam tsos mob tau sau tseg thaum tus neeg mob pw hauv txaj thiab haus dej ntau.
Sputum kuaj yog xav tau yog tias xav tias muaj kab mob hauv qab no:
- Pneumoconiosis yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob bronchopulmonary.
- Cov kab mob bronchitis.
- Asthma.
- Ntxhais lub ntsws.
- Malignant neoplasms.
- ntsws abscess.
- tuberculosis.
Kev lees paub ntawm qhov kev kuaj mob tau ua tiav los ntawm kev siv cuab yeej, lub cev, kev kuaj sim.
Npaj rau kev kawm
txheej txheem ntawm kev npaj tus neeg mob rau kev sau cov bronchial secretions rau kev kuaj xyuas yog lub luag haujlwm, qhov kev kuaj xyuas zoo yuav nyob ntawm nws. Yog tias cov lus qhia yooj yim tsis quav ntsej, cov impurities ntxiv tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov hnoos qeev uas yuav tiv thaiv tus kws kho mob los ntawm kev txiav txim siab lub hauv paus ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm hnoos thiab bronchopulmonary pathology.
Recommendations:
- Npaj lub thawv. Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog siv cov ntim khoom muag hauv khw muag tshuaj. Yog tias tsis muaj lub thawv zoo li no, koj tuaj yeem siv lub thawv ib nrab-liter lossis lub tank me me. Tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tias cov ntim zoo li no tsis yooj yim heev thiab tsuas yog siv tau rau qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo, yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem siv lub thawv ib txwm muaj.
- Ob peb teev ua ntej sau cov hnoos qeev, tus neeg mob yuav tsum ntxuavhniav, yaug qhov ncauj. Kev tshem tawm cov qaub ncaug thiab cov khoom noj tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm kev kuaj mob.
- Tau txais cov lus qhia kho mob. Tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb yuav qhia rau koj paub meej tias yuav ua li cas thiaj li khaws cov bronchial secretions rau kev tshawb fawb.
Thaum tus neeg mob muab hnoos qeev thawj zaug, nws yuav siv sij hawm ntau zaus kom nws thiaj li zoo.
Biomaterial pub dawb
Ntxiv rau cov nuances uas tau piav qhia saum toj no, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nws raug pom zoo kom sau cov hnoos qeev bronchial thaum sawv ntxov. Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau qhov kev pom zoo no yog tias ntau heev secretion accumulates nyob rau hauv lub bronchi los ntawm hmo ntuj, uas zoo heev pab txhawb nws expectoration. Nws tuaj yeem sau cov hnoos qeev nyob rau lwm lub sijhawm ntawm hnub, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tias qhov zoo thiab qhov ntau ntawm cov khoom siv biomaterial yuav txo qis.
Thaum sau cov slime, koj yuav tsum ua raws li cov txheej txheem hauv qab no:
- Ua pa tob, tuav 10 vib nas this.
- Exhale smoothly.
- Retake 2 pa.
- Ntawm qhov exhalation thib peb, thawb cua tawm hauv siab nrog lub zog thiab hnoos.
- Nqa lub thawv rau koj daim di ncauj, nti tawm cov hnoos qeev.
Yog tias koj ua raws li cov txheej txheem no, koj tuaj yeem sau cov hnoos qeev txaus rau kev tshawb fawb. Yog tias muaj teeb meem tshwm sim, koj tuaj yeem pw ntawm koj sab, tig mus rau pem hauv ntej me ntsis. Txhawm rau kom ceev cov hnoos qeev tawm, koj tuaj yeem ua qhov nqus pa lossis siv cov tshuaj mucolytic.
Sau cov bronchial secretions hauv txoj kev no tsis yogtsis suav nrog cov qaub ncaug yuav nkag mus rau hauv cov qauv kuaj. Lwm txoj hauv kev rau qhov no yog bronchoscopy. Thaum lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem, tus kws kho mob siv lub endoscope los soj ntsuam cov mob ntawm ciliated epithelium thiab sau tus nqi ntawm cov hnoos qeev rau kev tsom xam.
Sputum collection at home
Sau cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv tsev, ua raws li cov txheej txheem saum toj no. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum kaw lub thawv kom nruj tom qab muab cov hnoos qeev tso rau hauv nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qauv yuav tsum raug xa mus rau lub chaw kuaj mob sai li sai tau. Txwv tsis pub, cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam yuav txo qis.
Cov kws tshaj lij sau tseg tias nyob rau ib nrab ntawm cov neeg mob, cov neeg mob, khaws cov hnoos qeev hauv tsev, ua txhaum txoj cai tsim. Hauv qhov no, yuav tsum tau rov xeem dua.
Tshawb nrhiav cov ntawv sau, nyeem ib txwm
txhais li cas: "Leukocytes hauv cov hnoos qeev tau nce," tus kws kho mob yuav qhia. Kev txhais lus ntawm kev tsom xam yog ua los ntawm tus kws kho mob phthisiatrician lossis pulmonologist. Cov ntsuas hauv qab no yog qhov qub:
- Quantity - 10-100 ml.
- xim - tsis muaj.
- Smell - tsis muaj.
- Lamination - tsis muaj.
- Acidity - nruab nrab lossis alkaline.
- Tus cwj pwm tsis zoo.
- Impurities - tsis muaj.
Tom qab kuaj cov hnoos qeev, tus kws kuaj mob ua tiav daim ntawv tshwj xeeb, uas nws nkag mus rau qee qhov ntsuas. Yog tias kev tshuaj xyuas microscopic tau ua tiav, cov cell muaj nyob hauv cov hnoos qeev tau nkag mus rau hauv cov kab tshwj xeeb. Qee zaum muaj ntau leukocytesHauv cov hnoos qeev, nrog rau erythrocytes, macrophages.
Yog li, kev kawm txog kev hnoos hnoos yog ib txoj kev kuaj mob zoo uas tso cai rau koj los txheeb xyuas cov kev hloov pauv hauv lub cev ua pa thiab sau ntawv kho kom tsim nyog raws sijhawm.
Peb saib seb cov qe ntshav dawb hauv cov hnoos qeev txhais tau li cas.
