Tam sim no, ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm noob neej yog kev tuag siab los ntawm oncology. Txhua xyoo, lub ntiaj teb poob txog 8 lab tus tib neeg uas tsis tau tswj kom kov yeej mob qog noj ntshav. Cov kws tshawb fawb sib cav tias cov lej no tsuas yog loj hlob yav tom ntej thiab yuav luag ob npaug los ntawm 2030. Hmoov zoo, ntau cov tshuaj nrog kev ua haujlwm antitumor tau tshwm sim hauv kev kho mob ntawm malignant neoplasms. Kev kho mob nrog cov tshuaj no yog hu ua chemotherapy. Kev npaj rau nws suav nrog kev pab kho mob rau lub cev thiab kev hloov pauv hauv tus neeg mob txoj kev ua neej. Yog tias txhua yam tau ua tiav, txoj hauv kev yuav dhau los ntawm tus kab mob loj no nce ntxiv.
Kev pab kho mob
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev npaj tshuaj khomob yog kev siv qee yam txhais tau tias yuav pab tiv thaiv lub cev noj qab haus huv los ntawm kev phom sij ntawm cov tshuaj, nrog rau kev ua kom lub cev muaj zog thiab txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo.
Rau txhua tus neeg mob, tus kws kho mob tau sau ib daim ntawv teev tshuaj thiabvitamins. Raws li txoj cai, nws suav nrog:
- Hepatoprotectors ("Phosphogliv", "Heptor" lossis "Heptral").
- Probiotics ("Hilak forte", "Acipol").
- Antiemetics ("Navoban").
- YImmunomodulatory tshuaj ("Viferon").
- Kev tswj hwm cov tshuaj hauv cov hlab ntsha ntawm qee yam tshuaj tawm ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov neeg mob, uas tau kho tau zoo nrog troxerutin. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo dua los yuav ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj pleev no, yog tias muaj xwm txheej tshwm sim.
- Nyob rau hauv kev npaj rau chemotherapy, nws muaj peev xwm qhia tau ntau yam intravenous solutions ("Hemodez", "Reopoliglyukin" thiab lwm yam). Qhov no yuav pab kom lub cev metabolism sai.
- Nws yuav tsis yog superfluous siv cov amino acids complex los tiv thaiv cov hlwb ntawm daim siab, lub plawv thiab lwm yam kabmob.
- Tsis ntev los no, cov kws kho mob qhia cov neeg mob kom noj cov kua lecithin, uas zoo kawg nkaus nourishes hlwb hlwb thiab cov hlab ntsha.
- Tsis tas li, oncology tau hais ntxiv txog kev kho cov khoom ntawm Reishi mushroom extract. Nws cov khoom siv pab txo tus neeg mob tus mob tom qab kho.
Hloov tus neeg mob txoj kev ua neej
Ntau chav kho mob yog qhov kev sim loj uas xav kom tus neeg hloov pauv lawv txoj kev ua neej, tso tus cwj pwm phem thiab ua raws li ntau txoj cai ntawm kev noj qab haus huv.
- Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau tus neeg mob ua raws li kev noj zaub mov kom zoo uas muaj ntau yam zaub mov thiabvitamins. Qhov kev pom zoo no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg uas xav paub yuav ua li cas npaj rau kev kho mob qog noj ntshav ntawm lub plab lossis cov hnyuv.
- Kev siv cov khoom noj hnyav, rog tsis pom zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum kho. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau qhov tshwm sim xeev siab thiab / lossis ntuav. Zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tshuaj ntsuab, khoom noj siv mis yuav tsum tsis tu ncua ntawm tus neeg mob lub rooj. Nco ntsoov noj steamed ntses, boiled nqaij. Ntawm cov dej qab zib, chamomile, qhiav, mint teas tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntshaw.
- Ib qho lus pom zoo tseem ceeb hauv kev npaj tshuaj kho mob qog noj ntshav yog haus dej kom ntau (kwv yees li 2.5 litres ib hnub). Qhov no yuav pab ua kom cov metabolism sai thiab tshem tawm cov tshuaj metabolites sai dua.
- Hnub ua ntej ntawm kev kho mob, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tau pw txaus, kom muaj zog thiab muaj zog. Feem ntau, yuav tsum muaj tus cwj pwm zoo - pw tsawg kawg 8 teev hauv ib hnub, thaum mus pw ua ntej 22:00, thiab sawv ua ntej 08:00.
Txoj kev xav ntawm tus txheej txheem
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lus qhia saum toj no yog kev npaj lub cev rau kev kho mob. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ncaj ncees sab ntawm tus txheej txheem tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb dua. Tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau npaj txhij rau txhua yam thiab qhib rau kev sib ntaus uas yuav tsum tau yeej ntawm txhua tus nqi.
Yog ib tug neeg xav tias lawv tsis muaj peev xwm tiv tau lawv tus kheej txoj kev xav txog lawv qhov kev kuaj mob lossis lawv tsis ntseeg txog kev kho mob, lawv yuav tsum nrhiav kev pab tam sim ntawm tus kws kho mob hlwb. Xws li ib tug tshwj xeeb yog yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv cov neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm tej oncologicaldispensary.
Txhua cov lus qhia saum toj no yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej tshuaj kho mob rau oncology. Qhov tshwm sim thiab rov qab los ntawm qhov no yuav tsis tshua pom rau tus neeg mob.
theem ntawm kws khomob
Kev kho mob tau muab faib ua ob peb chav kawm nrog kev so txij li ob lub lis piam mus rau ib hlis. Qhov no yog ua kom tus neeg mob lub cev tuaj yeem rov zoo thiab so ua ntej noj tshuaj ntxiv.
Kev kho mob muaj ob hom:
- Monotherapy - kho nrog ib qho tshuaj.
- Polytherapy - kho nrog ob lossis ntau dua tshuaj.
Txhua tus uas yuav muaj qhov xwm txheej zoo li no yuav tsum paub txog kev siv tshuaj khomob li cas. Txawm hais tias xaiv hom twg, kev kho mob zoo ib yam thiab muaj cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:
- Tus neeg mob tuaj txog rau kev kho mob raws hnub teem tseg nruj me ntsis ntawm oncology dispensary, qhov chaw nws yuav nyob ob peb hnub (qhov nruab nrab, ib chav kawm kav li peb mus rau xya hnub).
- Ua ntej txhua qhov kev kawm, tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau xeem ntau yam: kev kuaj ntshav dav dav thiab biochemical, kuaj zis dav dav, thiab lwm yam. Yog tias tsim nyog, ECG ntawm lub plawv, ultrasound ntawm qee yam kabmob (siab, ob lub raum, thiab lwm yam) raug ua.
- Tus kws kho mob oncologist xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txhua qhov kev kuaj mob, ntsuas qhov hnyav, nug txog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus neeg mob, mloog cov lus tsis txaus siab. Tus kws kho mob tseem yuav pom tias cov txheej txheem rov qab mus li cas tom qab chav kawm dhau los. Yog tias txhua yam ua tiav, tus neeg mob tau muab tso rau hauv pawg ntseeg thiab tos kev kho mob.
- Ua ntej nws raug txibtshuaj anticancer rau chemotherapy. Lawv tuaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj, ntsiav tshuaj thiab tsiav tshuaj. Kev xaiv ntawm daim ntawv ntau npaum yog nyob ntawm qhov kev kuaj mob thiab theem ntawm tus kab mob thiab ua los ntawm tus kws kho mob tuaj koom.
- Vim tias tshuaj tua kab mob ua rau muaj tshuaj lom, ntau tus neeg mob tau xeev siab thiab ntuav. Yog li ntawd, lawv tau muab cov tshuaj uas yuav txo tau tus mob no.
- Nyob rau qee kis, tus kws kho mob oncologist tau sau tshuaj infusions nrog kev daws lub cev. Qhov no yog ua kom "sab" lub cev, ntxuav nws los ntawm cov co toxins thiab metabolites ntawm cov tshuaj. Piv txwv li, tom qab kev kho mob nrog "Cisplatin" rau mob qog noj ntshav ntawm lub plab lossis cov hnyuv, ob lub tee dej tau muab tso rau hauv.
- kauj ruam tom ntej yog los ntsuas qhov kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus neeg mob. Yog hais tias txhua yam nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim, nws raug teem ib hnub rau lub tom ntej tuaj txog, thiab nws mus tsev kom rov zoo. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov chav kawm thiab lawv qhov zaus yog teem rau tus kheej rau txhua tus neeg thiab tuaj yeem hloov pauv thaum kho.
- Ib ntus ntawm cov kev kawm, cov txheej txheem rov qab tau raug saib xyuas. Qhov no yog ua tiav nrog kev pab ntawm kev kuaj ntshav rau cov qog nqaij hlav, nrog rau kev kuaj xyuas siv suav thiab sib nqus resonance imaging. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem, tus kws kho mob txiav txim siab qhov ua tiav ntawm kev kho mob thiab tuaj yeem hloov cov chav kawm, lub sijhawm kho lossis tshem tawm tag nrho.
Tshuaj khomob yog dab tsi?
Txhua tus muajCov neeg mob qog noj ntshav muaj lawv tus kheej txoj kev kho mob, uas nyob ntawm qhov kev kuaj mob, theem ntawm tus kab mob thiab kev kho mob tam sim no.
Tam sim no, muaj ntau yam tshuaj tsom los tawm tsam cov kab mob malignant. Ib yam uas koom ua ke lawv txhua tus - cov txiaj ntsig kho tau zoo nrog kev ua haujlwm siab. Lawv txawv ntawm ib leeg los ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev sib xyaw.
1. Cov tshuaj alkylating. Tau tshwm sim thawj zaug, lawv tseem tsis tau poob lawv qhov tseeb. Los ntawm kev khi DNA los ntawm kev tsim ntawm covalent bonds, lawv ua rau kev tuag ntawm cov qog hlwb (apoptosis). Cov pab pawg no suav nrog cov tshuaj xws li: "Cyclophosphamide", "Chlorambucil", "Procarbazine".
2. Antimetabolites. Lawv nres qhov tsim ntawm DNA hauv cov hlwb malignant. Cov no suav nrog: Methotrexate, Fluorouracil, Mercaptopurine, Thioguanine.
3. Antimicrotubulin tshuaj. Lawv cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem ntawm cov qog loj hlob los ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov synthesis ntawm microtubules - cellular organelles, yam tsis muaj kev faib ib txwm ua tsis tau.
Cov tshuaj no muab faib ua ob pawg, nyob ntawm keeb kwm:
- Natural. Tsim los ntawm vinca alkaloids. ("Vinblastine", "Vincristine").
- Synthetic tshuaj ("Vinflunin", "Vinorelbin", "Vindesin").
4. Taxanes uas cuam tshuam qhov tsim ntawm cell division spindle. Lawv yog tsim los ntawm lwm cov nroj tsuag (Pacific los yog Berry yew). Cov no suav nrog:"Paclitaxel"; "Docetaxel"; "Podophyllotoxin"; "Teniposide"; "Qhov no yog qhov tseeb."
5. topoisomerase inhibitors. Lawv inhibit qhov synthesis ntawm topoisomerase hom 1 thiab hom 2 enzymes, uas koom nrog hauv kev sib txuas ntawm DNA ntawm cov qog hlwb. Lub npe lag luam: "Teniposide"; "Mitoxantrone"; "Etoposide"; "Doxorubicin"; "Aclarubicin"; "Marboran"; Novobiocin.
tshuaj mob qog noj ntshav zoo tshaj
Qhov no yuav tsum suav nrog cov tshuaj siv tshuaj kho mob platinum. Lawv muaj qhov ua haujlwm antitumor siab tshaj plaws. Lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua yog tias lawv "saw" khub ntawm guanine rau hauv DNA, yog li cuam tshuam nws cov qauv thiab txwv tsis pub cov txheej txheem ntawm kev faib cov hlwb malignant.
Nws tsim nyog nco qab tias qhov ua tau zoo dua cov tshuaj tua cov qog, qhov cuam tshuam ntau dua rau cov ntaub so ntswg noj qab haus huv. Yog li ntawd, hauv kev npaj platinum, cov kev mob tshwm sim tuaj yeem hais tau tshwj xeeb. Cov tshuaj tseem ceeb hauv pab pawg no suav nrog: "Platin"; "Carboplatin"; "Cisplatin".
Txoj Kev Siv Tshuaj Khomob
Tseeb tiag, tsis muaj tib neeg kab mob tuaj yeem kis tau yam tsis muaj kab mob xws li kev kho mob rau oncology. Qhov tshwm sim thiab kev rov zoo tuaj yeem nyuaj rau lub cev tsis muaj zog. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam yuav luag txhua lub cev thiab lub cev.
Lub tshuab twg yuav raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev kho?
Digestive system. Tau txais ntaus thawj thiab ntaus tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyuaj. Qhov no yog vim lub siab rhiab heev ntawm lub mucosa ntawm txoj hlab ntsha mustshuaj. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau tsis txaus siab ntawm cov neeg mob yog xeev siab, ntuav, raws plab, tsis qab los noj mov.
Kev tsim tawm. Ob leeg poj niam txiv neej yuav muaj kev txo qis libido thiab kev xeeb tub ib ntus.
Immune system. Tag nrho cov tshuaj mob qog noj ntshav ua kom lub cev tsis muaj zog, yog li lub cev tiv thaiv tau txo qis.
YHematopoietic system. Anemia, ua txhaum ntawm kev tsim cov leukocytes, erythrocytes thiab lwm cov qe ntshav.
Nervous system. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev kho mob, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ncaj ncees qaug zog ntawm tus neeg mob yog yuav luag inevitable. Nws tuaj yeem ua xua, ntshai, ntshai, chim siab.
Ib qho tsis zoo siab tshaj plaws yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov mob. Nws tuaj yeem yog mob pob qij txha lossis hauv nruab nrog cev.
Ib feem ntau tshwm sim yog plaub hau poob thoob plaws tib neeg lub cev. Thaum kawg ntawm txoj kev kho mob, plaub hau, plaub muag thiab pob muag yuav loj tuaj.
Zoo kawg
tshuaj mob qog noj ntshav tau los ntev nrog kev tshawb pom ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib txawv. Tag nrho cov no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, tab sis lawv qhov tsis zoo tseem ceeb yog qhov cuam tshuam rau cov hlwb noj qab haus huv. Kev npaj kom raug thiab raws sij hawm rau cov tshuaj khomob yuav pab tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm cov teebmeem tsis zoo thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim tshwm sim.
