Mob qog noj ntshav me me: cov cim qhia, ua rau, kuaj mob thiab kho

Cov txheej txheem:

Mob qog noj ntshav me me: cov cim qhia, ua rau, kuaj mob thiab kho
Mob qog noj ntshav me me: cov cim qhia, ua rau, kuaj mob thiab kho

Video: Mob qog noj ntshav me me: cov cim qhia, ua rau, kuaj mob thiab kho

Video: Mob qog noj ntshav me me: cov cim qhia, ua rau, kuaj mob thiab kho
Video: Davina McCall Opens Up About Her 'Nightmare' Perimenopause Symptoms | Loose Women 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Malignant neoplasms tsis tsuas yog cov neeg laus, tab sis kuj rau menyuam yaus. Lawv nkag mus rau hauv ob qho tib si hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm tes thiab mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Ntshav qog ntshav hauv cov menyuam yaus muaj ntau dua li lwm yam kab mob oncological.

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Ntshav qog nqaij hlav cancer yog lub npe hu ua malignant qog ntawm lub hematopoietic system. Lo lus no tau siv dav hauv cov neeg mob, thaum cov kws kho mob hu cov kab mob no hemoblastosis. Tus kab mob no yog cov qog uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txawv txav ntawm cov pob txha pob txha. Xws li ib tug neoplasm tsis tsuas yog cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem ntawm kev faib cell, tab sis kuj loj hlob sai ntawm nws tus kheej, kis thoob plaws lub cev.

Qhov tshwm sim txawv txav ua rau muaj kev tsim txom thiab maj mam hloov pauv cov qe ntshav noj qab haus huv. Tias yog vim li cas txhua qhov cim qhia ntawm ntshav qog ntshav hauv tus menyuam ib txwm cuam tshuam nrog kev txo qis ntawm cov hlwb noj qab haus huv.

Cov kab mob no tuaj yeem hu ua kis mob tiag tiag. Feem ntau niaj hnub no, cov kws kho mob kuaj "leukemia" hauv cov menyuam yaus, cov neeg mob tsis muaj sia.

Ntau tus neeg yuam kev xav txog ntshav qog noj ntshav yog tib yam kab mob oncological li cov qog nqaij hlav hauv nruab nrog cev. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag, xws li ib tug pathology tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv kiag li txoj kev. Cov kab mob puas tsuaj npog tag nrho lub cev, txav mus los ntawm nws nrog rau cov ntshav khiav. Yog vim li cas hom mob qog noj ntshav no nyuaj heev kom kuaj tau. Tom qab tag nrho, cov qog tsis tuaj yeem hnov thaum lub sijhawm palpation. Nws tsuas tuaj yeem kuaj pom los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas pob txha pob txha.

Kev txhim kho mechanism

Dab tsi yog qhov ua rau mob qog noj ntshav hauv menyuam yaus? Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob no yog ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev tswj tsis tau ntawm tes. Tab sis dab tsi dhau los ua qhov cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem tsis zoo no?

Cov pob txha pob txha ua haujlwm ua lub cev hematopoietic uas tsim cov qe ntshav. Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm cov ntsiab lus no.

  • Leukocytes ua qhov thaiv kab mob, kis kab mob, kab mob thiab lwm yam kab mob nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav.
  • Platelets. Lawv yog ib qho tsim nyog los tswj kom muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub cev nqaij daim tawv. Nrog rau ntau yam kev raug mob, ntshav txhaws tshwm sim. Nws yog nrog lawv cov kev pab uas platelets npog qhov chaw raug mob nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, vim hais tias cov ntshav nres raug thauj.
  • Erythrocytes. Lawv ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm ib hom kev thauj mus los hauv lub cev. Lawv muab cov hlwb nrog cov pa uas lawv xav tau.
Lub mechanism ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntshav qog noj ntshav
Lub mechanism ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntshav qog noj ntshav

Txhua hom kab mob tau piav qhia tuaj yeem ua tsis zoo. Feem ntau cov tub ntxhais hluas cov ntsiab lus tau raug rau cov kab mob no.

Etiology

Muaj ntau qhov laj thawj rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem zoo li no. Cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb yog:

  • raug hluav taws xob - dhia sai sai ntawm kev sib kis ntawm cov menyuam yaus tshwm sim tom qab muaj xwm txheej ntawm Chernobyl nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag, hauv Hiroshima thiab Nagasaki;
  • phem ib puag ncig yav dhau los - kev hloov kho tshiab tseem muaj qhov tsis zoo rau tib neeg, nws yog vim nws qhov kev puas tsuaj ib puag ncig tau pom thoob ntiaj teb;
  • genetic predisposition - txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob ntawm tus menyuam mos uas nws tsev neeg muaj cov neeg mob qog noj ntshav ntau dua li ntawm tus menyuam uas nws cov txheeb ze yeej tsis mob qog noj ntshav;
  • kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Ua rau ntshav qog nqaij hlav hauv menyuam yaus
Ua rau ntshav qog nqaij hlav hauv menyuam yaus

Qhov tseem ceeb ua rau mob qog noj ntshav hauv cov menyuam yaus yog suav tias yog lub cev tsis muaj zog. Feem ntau qhov tshwm sim no tshwm sim tom qab tus menyuam raug mob hnyav. Los ntawm txoj kev, cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom qhov tseeb xav paub heev. Nws hloov tawm tias cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev fab tshuaj tsis tshua muaj mob qog noj ntshav. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias lawv txoj kev tiv thaiv tau zoo tas li.

Ntse

Yuav kom cov txheej txheem txawv txav pib, tsuas yog ib lub xovtooj hloov pauv tau txaus. Nws pib sib faib hnyav, uas yog vim li cas cov tsos mob ntawm cov ntshav qog ntshav hauv cov menyuam yaus tshwm sim sai heev. Nws yog noteworthy: tus me nyuam mos, qhov kev loj hlob sai ntawm pathology nyob rau hauv nws lub cev.

Lub npe mob qog noj ntshav hauv tshuaj yog dab tsi? Hauv ntau qhov chaw, tus kab mob no feem ntau hu ua leukemia lossis leukemia. Qhov nopathology cuam tshuam qhov txawv txav ntawm tes faib ntawm leukocyte hom. Tab sis hom kab mob no muaj ntau heev uas cov neeg feem coob nyob hauv qab nws pom txhua hom mob qog noj ntshav.

daim duab kho mob

Cov tsos mob ntawm cov ntshav qog ntshav hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas yuav luag zoo ib yam li cov neeg mob hnub nyoog laus. Thaum pib, tus kab mob no nyuaj heev rau kev kuaj pom, tab sis qee cov tsos mob tseem tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:

  • somatic manifestations yuav tsum muaj kev qaug zog heev, tsis nco qab, insomnia los yog, conversely, tsaug zog;
  • pob txha thiab tawv nqaij raug mob siv sijhawm ntev heev;
  • bruising, o, xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij ua daj ntseg hauv qhov muag;
  • cov pos hniav los ntshav, ntshav ntswg tsis tu ncua;
  • tus me nyuam mob tsis tu ncua, nqa kab mob thiab kis kab mob.

Nyob rau theem tom ntej ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav, cov menyuam yaus tsim cov tsos mob uas zoo ib yam li cov kab mob zoo tib yam, uas ua rau nws nyuaj heev los kuaj xyuas qhov tsis txaus ntseeg hauv lub sijhawm. Feem ntau cov duab kho mob ntawm pathology yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm:

  • me ntsis nce hauv lub cev kub yam tsis muaj laj thawj;
  • mob hauv lub hauv caug thiab lub luj tshib;
  • pob txha fragility ntau dhau;
  • tsis qab los - tus menyuam tuaj yeem tsis kam lees txawm tias lawv nyiam noj;
  • mob migraines, kiv taub hau;
  • fainting;
  • mob nkees nkees, tsis txaus siab rau lub ntiaj teb sab nraud.
Thawj qhov cim qhia ntawm mob qog noj ntshavmenyuam cov ntshav
Thawj qhov cim qhia ntawm mob qog noj ntshavmenyuam cov ntshav

Cov cim tseem ceeb

Txhua cov tsos mob tau piav qhia paub tias yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam kab mob ua pa thiab kis kab mob. Tias yog vim li cas cov niam txiv feem ntau tsis xyuam xim rau qhov muaj cov cim qhia ntawm cov ntshav qog ntshav hauv tus menyuam. Tab sis lawv yuav tsum ceeb toom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias lawv tseem nrog:

  • poob ceeb thawj;
  • qhov tshwm sim ntawm apathy, vim hais tias tus me nyuam xav pw txhua lub sij hawm;
  • dryness thiab yellowing ntawm daim tawv nqaij;
  • chim siab;
  • tawm hws ntau dhau thaum so;
  • pob liab liab;
  • ntau cov qog nqaij hlav;
  • nrog tus po, siab, plab.

Yog tias pom cov cim no hauv tus menyuam, nws yuav tsum tau qhia tam sim rau tus kws tshaj lij. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom tsis txhob hnov qab txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov ntshav los ntawm sab hauv: ntuav nrog ntshav streaks, qaug zog heev, hypotension, hnoos nrog ichor, ntshav tso zis, tachycardia, txhaws hauv quav. Tag nrho cov cim no tej zaum yuav mob me me, tab sis lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob tsis quav ntsej.

Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm ntshav qog noj ntshav hauv tus menyuam
Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm ntshav qog noj ntshav hauv tus menyuam

Diagnosis

Yog xav tias muaj kab mob oncological, tus menyuam raug xa mus rau kev kuaj xyuas, uas pib nrog kev kuaj ntshav. Hauv cov ntshav qog noj ntshav, cov cim qhia rau txhua pob txha pob txha sprout deviate los ntawm hnub nyoog tus qauv. Yog li, muaj kev nrawm ntawm ESR, txo qis hauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm erythrocytes thiab hemoglobin. Qhov concentration ntawm reticulocytes kuj txo qis - lawv cov lej nce mus txog 10-30% ntawmtus qauv, vim lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus me nyuam.

Cov ntsuas ntsuas ntshav rau ntshav qog noj ntshav tuaj yeem qhia tau tias nce ntxiv (30010^9) thiab txo qis (1.510^9) hauv qhov ntim ntawm leukocytes. Lawv tus lej raug txiav txim siab tag nrho los ntawm daim ntawv thiab theem ntawm leukemia. Tus naj npawb ntawm platelets kuj dhau los ua qhov txawv txav - lawv tus lej tsawg dua piv rau cov hnub nyoog. Yog vim li ntawd cov menyuam mos uas kuaj ntshav leukemia tau ntsib nrog cov ntshav txhaws tsis zoo - txawm tias qhov me me ua rau cov ntshav tsis txaus.

Kuj tseem muaj qhov txo qis hauv qib hemoglobin. Nws qhov taw qhia tsuas yog 20-60 g / l. Nyob rau theem pib ntawm cov ntshav leukemia, anemia yuav tsis tuaj, tab sis nws yeej ib txwm muaj nyob rau tom qab theem ntawm kev loj hlob.

Nyob rau hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam biochemical, ntawm lwm yam, lwm yam txawv txav yuav tshwm sim. Piv txwv li, tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb yuav pom tias muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv cov concentration ntawm urea, transaminases, bilirubin thiab creatinine. Qhov no qhia txog kev puas tsuaj loj rau glomeruli thiab hepatocytes ntawm ob lub raum. Tab sis qhov ntim ntawm fibrinogen thiab qabzib, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tau txo qis.

Lwm yam txuj ci

Cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm Dmitry Rogachev Center - yog ib lub chaw kho mob zoo tshaj plaws hauv lub nroog - tham txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kuaj ntshav rau kev xav tias mob qog noj ntshav hauv menyuam yaus. Cov ntaub ntawv tau los ntawm txoj kev tshawb no feem ntau yog txiav txim siab. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv no, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem lees paub lossis tsis lees paub qhov kev kuaj mob.

Tsis tas li ntawd, tus neeg mob me tuaj yeem raug xa mus rau:

  • radioography;
  • immunohistochemistry;
  • bone marrow biopsy;
  • xam tomography.
Kev kuaj ntshav qog nqaij hlav hauv menyuam yaus
Kev kuaj ntshav qog nqaij hlav hauv menyuam yaus

Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kuaj ntshav qog noj ntshav, cov kws kho mob tuaj yeem tau txais daim duab qhia ntxaws tshaj plaws ntawm tus kab mob: txiav txim siab qhov kev puas tsuaj rau cov pob txha thiab cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev, hom qog nqaij hlav thiab muaj cov metastases.

Tshuaj khomob

Cov kws tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm txhim kho txoj hauv kev zoo thiab nyab xeeb dua kom tshem tau qog noj ntshav. Tab sis hnub no tsuas muaj ob leeg xwb:

  • pob txha pob txha hloov;
  • chemotherapy.

Cov txheej txheem kawg suav nrog kev qhia cov koob tshuaj loj heev ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg tsis zoo rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm tus menyuam mob. Tsuas yog nrog kev pab ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlwb tsis zoo hauv cov hlab ntsha puas tsuaj tag.

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev kho no yog qhov tsis xaiv ntawm cov nyhuv ntawm cov tshuaj. Tom qab tag nrho, nrog rau cov hlwb puas, cov khoom noj qab haus huv kuj tuag. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cov ntaub so ntswg uas yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev loj hlob sai raug kev txom nyem los ntawm chemotherapy:

  • cov plaub hau;
  • pob txha pob txha;
  • cells ntawm lub plab zom mov.

Qhov no yog vim li cas cov neeg hluas thiab cov neeg laus feem ntau muaj xeev siab, raws plab thiab plaub hau poob. Nrog rau cov txiaj ntsig no, lwm qhov tshwm sim: anemia, leukopenia, tsis qab los noj mov.

Chemotherapy rau ntshav qog noj ntshav
Chemotherapy rau ntshav qog noj ntshav

Tom qab kws khomob, cov menyuam tau muab ntshav rauKev ua kom rov qab los ntawm cov neeg ploj ntawm cov platelets thiab cov qe ntshav liab.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov kev kho mob no zam tau los ntawm tus me nyuam zoo dua los ntawm tus neeg mob paub tab. Ntawm kaum tus menyuam yaus uas muaj ntshav qog noj ntshav, xya tus kws khomob muaj sia nyob tomqab kws khomob.

Kev ua haujlwm

Ntau tus kws kho mob pom zoo kom hloov cov pob txha pob txha rau cov neeg mob kuaj mob leukemia, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev tswj hwm ntawm nws cov concentrated los ntawm tus neeg pub noj qab haus huv. Tab sis ua ntej ua haujlwm zoo li no, tus menyuam cov pob txha uas twb muaj lawm raug rhuav tshem. Xws li manipulation yog nqa tawm nrog kev pab los ntawm cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb. Ob lub hlwb puas thiab noj qab nyob zoo tuag los ntawm qhov no.

Tab sis qhov tseeb, kev phais tsuas yog siv rau qhov mob hnyav, thaum neoplasm yog malignant. Raws li txoj cai, cov neeg txheeb ze ze ntawm tus menyuam los ua tus pub dawb rau kev phais.

Cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Dmitry Rogachev tham txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kuaj mob pathology, uas nyob rau hauv ntau qhov tseeb txiav txim siab qhov xav tau kev kho mob tshwj xeeb. Muaj tseeb, cov kws kho mob hais ib qho ntxiv: qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob oncological yog lub sijhawm. Thaum koj pib kho koj tus menyuam sai sai, qhov yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tiag tiag. Thiab txij li thaum lub cev ntawm cov menyuam yaus rov zoo dua sai dua, kev kho mob hauv cov menyuam yaus yog qhov yooj yim dua li cov neeg laus.

Kev phais rau ntshav qog noj ntshav
Kev phais rau ntshav qog noj ntshav

Huab cua

Cov tib neeg nyob nrog mob qog noj ntshav ntev npaum li cas? Qhov tseeb, kev kwv yees ntxivtag nrho nyob ntawm theem ntawm leukemia, nws qhov hnyav thiab lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus menyuam. Cov kab mob hnyav yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm aggressiveness thiab transience. Yog vim li cas qhov kev cia siab rau daim ntawv no ntawm oncology feem ntau tsis zoo.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov mob qog nqaij hlav hauv ntshav, peb tuaj yeem tham txog kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Nrog rau cov kab mob leukemias, qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev kho yog pom nyob rau hauv 75% ntawm tag nrho cov mob ntawm cov menyuam yaus, thaum nyob rau hauv daim ntawv mob hnyav no tsuas yog nce mus txog 50%.

Pom zoo: