Mob ntsws cancer: nws loj npaum li cas, ua rau, cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob thiab kev kho mob tsim nyog

Cov txheej txheem:

Mob ntsws cancer: nws loj npaum li cas, ua rau, cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob thiab kev kho mob tsim nyog
Mob ntsws cancer: nws loj npaum li cas, ua rau, cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob thiab kev kho mob tsim nyog

Video: Mob ntsws cancer: nws loj npaum li cas, ua rau, cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob thiab kev kho mob tsim nyog

Video: Mob ntsws cancer: nws loj npaum li cas, ua rau, cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob thiab kev kho mob tsim nyog
Video: Что вызывает Xanthelasma? 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, oncology yog ib qho mob tseem ceeb ntawm noob neej. Txhua xyoo lub ntiaj teb poob txog 8 lab tus tib neeg uas tsis muaj peev xwm kov yeej tus kab mob insidious no. Mob ntsws cancer yog qhov hnyav heev, vim nws loj hlob sai.

Sad statistics

Hais txog qhov muaj feem ntau, mob ntsws cancer nyob rau thawj zaug ntawm tag nrho lwm cov kab mob malignant. Yog li, txhua xyoo qhov kev kuaj mob no tau tsim rau ib lab tus tib neeg, 60% ntawm cov neeg tuag. Nyob rau hauv Russia, qhov no pathology suav txog li 12% ntawm tag nrho cov neeg mob qog noj ntshav. Ntawm txhua tus neeg mob qog noj ntshav, 15% tuag los ntawm mob ntsws cancer.

Ntxiv rau, ntawm cov txiv neej cov pejxeem, tus kab mob tshwm sim peb zaug ntau dua li cov poj niam. Txhua tus txiv neej thib plaub uas mob oncology raug kev txom nyem los ntawm tus kab mob no, thaum cov poj niam - tsuas yog txhua kaum ob.

Tus kws kho mob tham nrog tus neeg mob
Tus kws kho mob tham nrog tus neeg mob

Causes of ntsws cancer

Tau kawg, qhov tseem ceeb uas ua rau muaj kev txhim kho ntawm cov kab mob no yog tus neeg muaj kev haus luam yeeb. Kev txheeb cais hais tias 80% ntawm tag nrho cov neeg mob qog noj ntshavntsws haus tau ntev. Ib tug luam yeeb muaj ntau yam teeb meem, uas muaj li ntawm 60 muaj cov nyhuv carcinogenic (muaj peev xwm ua rau mob qog noj ntshav).

Nicotine addicts muaj nees nkaum npaug ntau dua yuav tsim mob qog noj ntshav dua li cov neeg tsis haus luam yeeb. Tom qab muaj pes tsawg xyoo ntawm kev haus luam yeeb mob ntsws cancer tshwm sim, nws nyuaj rau hais. Qhov tseeb yog qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim tus kab mob no ncaj qha nyob ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm kev haus luam yeeb, tus naj npawb ntawm cov luam yeeb txhua hnub, nrog rau feem pua ntawm cov nicotine thiab lwm yam carcinogens hauv lawv.

Tus neeg haus luam yeeb muaj zog dua, qhov ntau thiab ntev nws ua qhov no, qhov ntau nws nthuav tawm nws tus kheej kom muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim cov kab mob phem hauv nws lub ntsws.

Ib yam siv tau rau cov neeg haus luam yeeb uas tawm tsam lawv lub siab nyiam, dhau los ua cov neeg raug tsim txom los ntawm kev haus luam yeeb. Xyoo 1977, cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias cov poj niam thiab cov menyuam ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb muaj peb npaug ntau dua tuaj yeem mob qog noj ntshav dua li cov neeg tsis haus luam yeeb. Kev mob ntsws cancer ntev npaum li cas nrog txoj kev ua neej no yog leej twg xav tau, tab sis kev xyaum qhia tau hais tias qee zaum 5-10 xyoo txaus.

Ntxiv rau, nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab tsov rog, cov neeg haus luam yeeb tau nce siab hauv lub tebchaws, vim li ntawd, hauv 10 xyoo xwb, cov neeg mob ntsws cancer tau yuav luag ob npaug.

Kev haus luam yeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho oncology
Kev haus luam yeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho oncology

Lwm qhov laj thawj rau kev kis mob qog noj ntshav yog qhov nyuaj ib puag ncig hauv ntau lub tebchaws. Nrog loj-scale kev lag luam kev loj hlob thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov xwm, ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov teeb meem tshuaj nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, uasnyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsws sab sauv, ua rau txawv txav ntawm tes.

Nquag thiab ntev raug rau cov khoom phom sij (asbestos plua plav, ethereal vapors ntawm chloromethyl thiab lwm yam) ntawm tib neeg txoj kev ua pa tuaj yeem yog qhov ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev tsim kho, tshuaj thiab tshuaj kho mob.

Cov pa phem los ntawm cov fumes industrial
Cov pa phem los ntawm cov fumes industrial

Cov neeg muaj kab mob ua pa ntev los yog pulmonary fibrosis kuj muaj kev pheej hmoo.

Tsis txhob hnov qab txog qhov tseem ceeb proving yam li heredity. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj hais tias mob ntsws cancer loj npaum li cas rau cov neeg uas muaj ntshav cov txheeb ze nrog pulmonary oncology. Tab sis, raws li txoj cai, cov kab mob ntawm cov neeg mob no sai dua li lwm tus.

Yog li ntawd, pawg neeg no yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas lawv lub ntsws. Ua li no, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob haus luam yeeb kiag li, nqus tau lwm yam tshuaj phem thiab tsis tu ncua kev soj ntsuam kev tiv thaiv

theem kab mob

Zoo li lwm yam txheej txheem oncological, mob ntsws cancer tau mus rau ntau theem. Lawv txawv ntawm ib leeg hauv qhov hnyav ntawm cov tsos mob, qhov loj ntawm cov qog, muaj metastases thiab lawv tus lej.

Qhov qog sai sai thiab ntsuas qhov tsim nyog, tus neeg mob yuav muaj feem yuav kho tau thiab ua neej ntev dua.

Zero stage

Tus yam ntxwv los ntawm qhov tsis muaj cov tsos mob, qhov me me ntawm cov qog, qhov nyuaj ntawm kev kuaj mob. Yog li, piv txwv li, fluorography feem ntau tsis pom qhov tsim me me.

Cov tsos mob me me lossis tsis tuaj yeem.

Kev kuaj fluorography
Kev kuaj fluorography

First stage

Cov qog tsis pub tshaj peb centimeters loj. Cov ntaub so ntswg pleural thiab lymph nodes tseem tsis tau cuam tshuam. Kev kuaj mob yog ua tau, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, tsuas yog kaum feem pua ntawm cov neeg mob muaj ib tug neoplasm nyob rau theem no. Thaum pib kev kho mob hauv thawj theem, qhov kev cia siab tau zoo heev - qhov kev ciaj sia nyob rau tsib xyoos tom ntej yog 95%.

Vim qhov me me ntawm cov qog, tsis muaj cov tsos mob tshwj xeeb, tab sis tej zaum yuav muaj cov tsos mob ntawm kev tsis haum xeeb, xws li:

  • tsis muaj zog thiab qaug zog;
  • kev xav tsis thoob;
  • txo qis hauv lub suab tag nrho;
  • lub sijhawm kub nce mus rau qhov txiaj ntsig subfebrile, yam tsis muaj tsos mob khaub thuas.

theem ob

Ib tus kab mob neoplasm nyob rau theem no muaj txoj kab uas hla ntawm peb mus rau tsib centimeters, thaum cov tsos mob ntawm metastases hauv bronchial lymph nodes tuaj yeem raug sau tseg.

Cov kev kuaj mob twb tau yooj yim pom cov neoplasms. Kwv yees li ib feem peb ntawm txhua tus neeg mob tau kuaj pom los ntawm kws kho mob nyob rau theem no.

Yuav ua li cas sai sai metastases hauv ntsws cancer nyob ntawm hom oncology. Hauv lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws, lawv tau tsim thiab kis thoob plaws hauv lub cev hauv cov neeg mob qog noj ntshav me me. Ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm theem ob yog cov tsos ntawm pronouncedCov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob.

Muaj ntau yam cim qhia tias mob ntsws cancer tau tsim. Cov tsos mob yuav muaj xws li:

  • hnoos tsis tau piav qhia, tsis muaj lwm yam cim ntawm tus kab mob lossis kab mob;
  • Mob thaum ua pa tob;
  • suab nrov;
  • txo qis lossis tsis qab los;
  • poob phaus;
  • pom ua pa luv.

Lwm qhov ceeb toom "tswb" yuav yog qhov tshwm sim ntau dhau ntawm kev mob ntsws thiab mob ntsws.

hnoos yog cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm mob ntsws cancer
hnoos yog cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm mob ntsws cancer

Third stage

Vim nyob ntawm seb mob ntsws cancer sai npaum li cas, theem no tau muab faib ua ob theem:

Stage 3a. Cov qog muaj lub cheeb ntawm ntau tshaj tsib centimeters. Kev puas tsuaj rau lub pleura thiab lub hauv siab phab ntsa yog sau tseg. Metastases mus txog bronchial thiab lymph nodes. Qhov kev kwv yees tau zoo tsuas yog hauv 30% ntawm cov neeg mob. Ntau tshaj 50% ntawm tag nrho cov mob qog noj ntshav tau kuaj pom nyob rau theem no.

Stage 3b. Raws li kev mob ntsws cancer loj zuj zus, qhov loj ntawm cov qog yuav nce. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm theem no yog kev koom tes ntawm lub tshuab vascular, txoj hlab pas, lub plawv thiab qaum hauv cov txheej txheem.

Muaj kev pom tsis zoo.

Nws yuav siv sij hawm ntev npaum li cas rau mob ntsws cancer los ntawm theem no tsis tuaj yeem teb tau. Txawm li cas los xij, yuav luag ib txwm nyob rau theem no, cov tsos mob tshwm sim ntawm tus txheej txheem tshwm sim. Tus neeg mob yuav ntsib:

  • mob, hnoos tsis tu ncua nrog cov hnoos qeev los yog purulent;
  • mob tas lithaj chaw ntawm lub hauv siab uas nce nrog inhalation;
  • poob ceeb thawj;
  • ua kom tsis qab los noj mov;
  • ua tsis taus pa tsis tu ncua uas tshwm sim txawm tias muaj kev tawm dag zog me ntsis;
  • lub cev kub;
  • mob ntsws thiab mob ntsws;
  • thaum mloog, hawb pob tshwm hauv lub ntsws;
  • mob ntawm lub xub pwg nyom;
  • ntxub ntawm ntiv tes;
  • nquag tshwm sim ntawm kiv taub hau thiab mob taub hau;
  • pom thiab hnov lus tsis zoo.

Thaum kuaj pom mob qog noj ntshav nyob rau theem no, tus neeg mob txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev rov zoo yuav txo qis.

4 theem

Ntev npaum li cas mob ntsws cancer loj hlob mus rau theem no, tus kheej rau txhua tus neeg mob. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv txhua tus muaj ib yam uas tshwm sim - cov qog nqaij hlav metastasis uas tsis tswj tau. Metastases kis thoob plaws lub cev, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub hlwb, daim siab, txiav thiab lwm yam kabmob. Rau cov neeg mob nyob rau theem no, oncologists muab ib qho kev poob siab. Yuav luag 100% tus kab mob no tuag taus.

Nyob rau theem kawg ntawm mob ntsws cancer, cov tsos mob tshwj xeeb tshaj tawm. Tus neeg mob raug cov tsos mob xws li:

  • ntshai, hnoos hnoos nrog ntshav;
  • mob plab tuaj yeem khaus;
  • ua pa luv txawm tias so;
  • tsis muaj zog;
  • tsis kam noj;
  • angina;
  • cuam tshuam kev zom zaub mov.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia hais tias saum toj noCov theem tsuas muaj feem cuam tshuam rau hauv cov xwm txheej xws li kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav tsis me me.

Tseem muaj cov qog nqaij hlav me me hauv lub ntsws - kab mob oncological tshwm sim los ntawm cov hlwb epithelial ntawm bronchi. Hom no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qib siab ntawm malignancy, qhov tsis tuaj yeem ntev ntawm cov tsos mob thiab kev loj hlob sai heev, yog li ntawd, tsuas yog ob theem ntawm cov txheej txheem tau txawv ntawm oncology:

  1. Cov qog nyob hauv tib lub ntsws thiab cov ntaub so ntswg nyob ze.
  2. Cov qog pib metastasize thiab txuas ntxiv dhau ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg cuam tshuam.

Cov tsos mob zoo ib yam li cov qog nqaij hlav me me, tab sis lawv tsis tshua muaj suab thiab nyob tsis pom ntev. Rau cov qog nqaij hlav me me, qhov kev kwv yees tsawg dua. Txawm tias muaj kev cuam tshuam thaum ntxov, qhov kev muaj sia nyob tsib xyoos tsuas yog 40%.

Mob ntsws cancer
Mob ntsws cancer

mob ntsws cancer yuav siv sij hawm ntev npaum li cas los txhim kho

Tau kawg, txhua kis yog qhov tshwj xeeb, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem muab sijhawm pes tsawg. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau pib ua kom pom cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob, nws tuaj yeem siv sijhawm li ib hlis mus rau ntau xyoo.

Hauv kev xyaum, muaj cov xwm txheej thaum ob peb lub hlis tom qab pib cov tsos mob thawj zaug, mob ntsws cancer tau thov lub neej ntawm tus neeg mob. Nws tshwm sim thiab vice versa - ib tug neeg nyob thiab tsis hnov ib yam tsos mob rau ntau xyoo.

Nws tshwm sim tias tus neeg mob pib pom cov tsos mob nyob rau theem kawg. Cov neeg zoo li no nrhiav kev pab kho mob lig dhau lawm. Thiab oncologists tsis tuaj yeem muab cov lus teb meej rau pes tsawg xyoo mob qog noj ntshav tau tsim nyob rau hauvzoo li tus neeg mob. Nws tuaj yeem yog ob peb lub hlis, lossis nws tuaj yeem yog ntau xyoo.

Cov neeg uas tswj kom kov yeej tus kab mob tawm tswv yim txog seb mob qog noj ntshav tau tsim kho li cas. Ib txhia hais tias ntev lawm lawv tsis muaj tsos mob. Cov qog tau kuaj pom random, nyob rau theem 1 lossis 2. Tom qab kev ua haujlwm thiab ntau yam kev kho mob, lawv tswj kom kov yeej tus kab mob thiab nyob twj ywm. Txhua yam uas yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm lawv tam sim no yog mus rau ib ntus kev kuaj xyuas thiab kuaj ntshav. Qhov no yog ua kom tswj tau qhov rov tshwm sim ntawm oncology. Lwm tus neeg mob xav tias tsis muaj zog thiab tsis zoo nyob rau thawj theem, tom qab ntawd lawv tam sim ntawd nrhiav kev pab kho mob thiab yog li cawm lawv txoj sia.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb ntawm kev mob ntsws cancer sai npaum li cas rau tus neeg mob lub siab. Yog tias ib tug neeg, thaum ua qhov kev kuaj mob zoo li no, tsis pom nws raws li kab lus, tsis poob siab thiab tsis tso tseg, ces nws txoj hauv kev yuav ua tiav qhov txiaj ntsig tau nce ntxiv. Thiab qhov no tau lees paub los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov neeg mob. Yuav ua li cas mob ntsws cancer tuaj yeem hais tau yog nyob ntawm tus neeg mob nws tus kheej.

Ntxiv rau, raws li kev txheeb cais, feem ntau tus neeg raug tua tsis yog los ntawm cov qog nws tus kheej, tab sis los ntawm nws cov metastases. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav nyob rau lub sijhawm thiab siv cov kev ntsuas tsim nyog rau nws txoj kev kho mob.

fluorographic duab
fluorographic duab

kev kho mob ntsws cancer

Surgery

Txawm li cas los xij yog tiasmob qog noj ntshav uas tsis yog me me. Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj loog dav dav, tus kws phais ua qhov qhib lub hauv siab, tom qab uas cov qog yog tag nrho los yog ib nrab excised. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm tus kws kho mob yog txhawm rau tshem tawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntau li ntau tau. Qhov qog tshem tawm ntau dua, qhov muaj feem yuav kho tus neeg mob ntau dua. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias txoj kev kho no tsis yog ib txwm ua tau. Piv txwv li, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg mob uas nyob rau theem 3-4 ntawm cov txheej txheem yog feem ntau tsis tsim nyog, txij li cov qog tau loj hlob mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg nyob sib ze thiab metastasizing. Nws yuav nyuaj heev rau tus neeg mob zoo li no los ntawm kev ua haujlwm.

Tshuaj khomob

Feem ntau siv los ua txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb. Chemotherapy yog kev kho tus neeg mob nrog cov tshuaj uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Nyob ntawm seb mob qog noj ntshav sai npaum li cas, txoj kev no tau muab faib ua ntau hom:

  • Neoadjuvant - tau sau rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas tseem tsis tau muaj metastases thiab kev ua haujlwm tau npaj los tshem tawm cov qog. Ua ntej kev phais, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los rhuav tshem cov qog nqaij hlav.
  • Adjuvant - cov kws khomob zoo li no tau ua tomqab phais. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob yog txhawm rau rhuav tshem cov qog hlwb uas tseem tshuav.
  • Systemic - siv rau cov neeg mob uas lig dhau mus rau kev phais (hauv theem kawg ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav). Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob zoo li no, chemotherapy yog txoj kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob.

Radiotherapy

Ib txoj kev kho mob qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav irradiated nrog gamma rays. Cov rays no muaj kev puas tsuajkev ua ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer, cuam tshuam nrog lawv txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob. Ob lub qog nws tus kheej thiab cov chaw uas muaj cov kab mob metastasis raug rau hluav taws xob. Cov txheej txheem kuj tseem siv tau rau cov qog nqaij hlav tsis me me.

Thaj chaw no kho mob qog noj ntshav tau los ntev. Tsis ntev los no, ntau txoj kev xaiv rau irradiation tau tshwm sim uas tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov qog ntau li ntau tau nrog kev tsim txom me me rau cov ntaub so ntswg noj qab haus huv. Yog li, ib txoj hauv kev tshiab tshaj plaws yog kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob siab, thaum cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yog ib qho kev cog qoob loo uas tau muab tso rau hauv tib neeg lub cev nyob ze rau cov qog thiab ua kom puas.

Lwm txoj kev tshiab tshaj plaws yog IMRT RAPID Arc radioactive therapy, uas kiag li tag nrho cov koob tshuaj hluav taws xob raug coj mus rau neoplasm, thaum tsis cuam tshuam rau lub cev noj qab haus huv.

Cov kev kho mob saum toj no 3 yog qhov tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los tawm tsam mob qog noj ntshav.

Targeted or targeted therapy

Muaj nyob rau hauv kev siv ntau yam tshuaj tshwj xeeb ("Erlotinib", "Gefitinib" thiab lwm yam), uas paub txog cov cim tshwj xeeb ntawm cov qog hlwb thiab inhibit lawv txoj kev loj hlob thiab kis.

Cov nyiaj no muaj kev kho mob siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntshav muab rau cov qog. Txoj kev kho no tuaj yeem siv tau ob qho tib si raws li kev kho tseem ceeb thiab ua ke nrog cov tshuaj khomob, yog li ua rau muaj feem ntawm tus neeg mob rov zoo.

kev kho mob tsis zoo

Muaj feem xyuam thaumthaum qhov kev tshwm sim tsis zoo. Txhua yam uas tseem tshuav rau cov kws kho mob yog los ua cov kev kho mob kom txo tau qhov kev txom nyem ntawm tus neeg mob thiab ua kom nws lub neej ntev. Hom kev kho mob palliative feem ntau yog tshuaj kho mob.

Zoo kawg

mob ntsws cancer yog ib yam kab mob txaus ntshai nrog kev loj hlob sai thiab kev tuag siab. Tsis muaj leej twg paub tseeb tias mob ntsws cancer loj npaum li cas hauv ib tus neeg. Muaj cov xwm txheej thaum cov neeg mob tau muaj tus kab mob fulminant. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tsis tu ncua kev tiv thaiv kev kho mob thiab tshuaj fluorography. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev noj qab nyob zoo, muab cov cwj pwm phem, tshwj xeeb yog haus luam yeeb.

mob ntsws cancer loj hlob li cas? Cov neeg mob cov lus pov thawj tau hais tias qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws yog kawm txog kev kuaj mob thiab muaj peev xwm txais tau. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kev coj ncaj ncees thiab lub siab xav tawm tsam tus yeeb ncuab muaj zog xws li oncology.

Pom zoo: