Metastases nyob rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav: prognosis, tsos mob, kuaj mob, kho, tshuaj xyuas

Cov txheej txheem:

Metastases nyob rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav: prognosis, tsos mob, kuaj mob, kho, tshuaj xyuas
Metastases nyob rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav: prognosis, tsos mob, kuaj mob, kho, tshuaj xyuas

Video: Metastases nyob rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav: prognosis, tsos mob, kuaj mob, kho, tshuaj xyuas

Video: Metastases nyob rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav: prognosis, tsos mob, kuaj mob, kho, tshuaj xyuas
Video: tuamlauj qhia ua tsaug thiab kev tiam txiv neeb 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, peb yuav xav txog qhov kev cia siab ntawm lub neej expectancy nrog metastases nyob rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav.

Thaum cov hlwb txawv txav faib tsis tau, cov neoplasms tsim hauv lub cev. Yog hais tias cov txheej txheem yog benign, ces lawv nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv capsules yam tsis kis mus ntxiv. Lub qog malignant, ua tsaug rau cov khoom uas tawg tawm ntawm nws thiab txav mus los ntawm cov hlab ntsha, loj hlob. Ib txhia ntawm lawv tuag, thaum lwm tus neeg cling rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub cev thiab faib uncontrollably, tsim theem nrab foci. Lawv hu ua metastases. Lawv sawv cev rau qhov kev phom sij tseem ceeb hauv kev mob qog noj ntshav, uas cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev hauv nruab nrog cev, ua rau tuag.

metastases nyob rau hauv lymph nodes lub neej expectancy
metastases nyob rau hauv lymph nodes lub neej expectancy

Kev soj ntsuam rau metastases hauv cov qog ntshav feem ntau ua rau poob siab.

Vim li cas metastasis kis?

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los qhia txog cov hauv qab no ntawm kev kis tus kab mob neoplasms:sib xyaw, hematogenous thiab lymphogenous. Thaum thawj metastasis tshwm sim, cov qog hlwb thawj zaug nkag mus rau cov hlab ntsha lymphatic, tom qab ntawd mus rau lwm cov qog nqaij hlav nyob deb thiab ze. Feem ntau, hom kab mob metastasis no yog qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav epithelial. Piv txwv li, qhov no yog li cas melanoma tshwm sim.

Ib qog nyob rau hauv cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev tuaj yeem tsim metastases hauv cov qog ntshav. Lub neej expectancy yog txaus siab rau ntau yam. Lymphogenic txoj kev tau kawm tau zoo heev, thiab yog li ntawd cov kws kho mob feem ntau paub txog cov qog no hauv thawj theem thiab kev kho mob tau muab rau tus neeg mob raws sijhawm. Tab sis nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cheeb tsam metastases nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv ib xyoos, thiab yog li nws yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm lub sijhawm no.

YHematogenous metastasis

Yog tias peb tab tom tham txog hematogenous metastasis, tom qab ntawd cov txheej txheem qog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no kis tau los ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab txav ntawm lub cev o mus rau ib qho kev noj qab haus huv.

Cervical lymph nodes tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom sib sau ua ke ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav los ntawm ob lub taub hau thiab ob txhais ceg, caj npab, peritoneum, pob tw thiab sternum.

Kev kuaj mob rau metastases hauv cov qog ntshav hauv lub caj dab yuav tau tham hauv qab no.

Cov kab mob lymphatic ua haujlwm los ntawm kev txhawb nqa cov txheej txheem ntawm cov metabolism thiab pom ntawm qib cell. Cov nodes tsim cov lymphocytes, tshwj xeeb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob uas tawm tsam txawv teb chaws uas nkag mus rau tib neeg lub cev.

metastases nyob rau hauv lymph nodes ntawm caj dab prognosis
metastases nyob rau hauv lymph nodes ntawm caj dab prognosis

Tus muaj hnub nyoog

Yog vim li cas muaj peev xwmcuam tshuam rau kev tsim ntawm metastases, sib txawv ntawm cov yam ntxwv sib txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, ua ntej tshaj plaws, lub hnub nyoog tseem ceeb ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm no, uas yog, cov neoplasms feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov neeg laus. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tsim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kab mob sib kis. Qhov no kuj tseem siv tau rau cov kab mob ntev uas ua rau tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv tib neeg lub cev.

qog loj

Tsis tas li, qhov loj ntawm cov qog tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov tshwm sim ntawm metastases. Yog li, qhov loj dua qhov chaw ntawm malignant neoplasm, qhov loj dua qhov tshwm sim yuav tshwm sim. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws yog kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog malignant nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub cev, thiab qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau metastasis. Ib qho xwm txheej zoo sib xws tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim yog tias cov neoplasm nkag mus rau hauv lub lumen ntawm qee lub cev.

Kev faib tawm

Hauv lub cev, cov kab mob phem tsis tuaj yeem txav mus los ntawm lawv tus kheej. Lawv raug cais los ntawm qhov tseem ceeb, thiab lub cev ua haujlwm nrog rau cov ntshav lossis cov qog ntshav. Atypical hlwb hauv ib cheeb tsam nres thiab tsim cov foci thib ob. Muaj peb txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib kis nrog cov ntshav ntawm oncoformations: nrog cov qog ntshav - nws txawv los ntawm kev nkag mus ntawm cov kab mob malignant rau hauv cov hlab ntsha lymphatic, nyob hauv cov chaw nyob deb lossis cov nyob sib ze; nrog ntshav - cim los ntawm lawv cov kev faib mus rau ib tug neeg lub cev; sib xyaw - metastases kis los ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm cov hlab ntsha los yog lymphatic. Yog tias cov kab mob oncological txav tshwj xeeb nrog cov qog ntshav, qhov no qhia tau hais tias epithelialformations xws li melanoma.

Ntau yam

Muaj txog ib txhiab cov qog ntshav hauv tib neeg lub cev. Lawv txoj hauj lwm yog los tua cov txheej txheem pathological, kab mob thiab kab mob. Ib txhia ntawm lawv tej zaum yuav loj tuaj. Qhov no kuj tshwm sim nrog mob qog noj ntshav.

Cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias qhov mob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav tshwj xeeb nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm oncological neoplasm. Lawv raug cais los ntawm thaj chaw hauv lub cev:

metastases nyob rau hauv retroperitoneal lymph nodes prognosis
metastases nyob rau hauv retroperitoneal lymph nodes prognosis
  • Cervical - lub ntsiab lymphatic collector nyob rau hauv caj dab. Cov nodes raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov nqaij mos ntawm lub caj dab, los yog hauv nws. Lawv cov duab thiab cov qauv hloov, lawv qhov loj tuaj. Thaum pib, lawv tsuas yog nce, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv pib loj hlob ua ke nrog cov ntaub so ntswg nyob sib ze thiab ib leeg. Kev kwv yees: 48% muaj sia nyob ntawm 5 xyoos yog tias kuaj pom ntxov.
  • Inguinal - cov nodes ntxiab kab mob kab mob nkag mus los ntawm qis qis thiab cov txheej txheem ua me nyuam, thiab rhuav tshem lawv. Cov qog ntshav qog ntshav thiab tob tob yog qhov txawv. Lawv tus lej tuaj yeem sib txawv heev. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov pob liab liab - los ntawm plaub mus rau nees nkaum, tob - los ntawm ib txog rau xya. Lawv ua puag ncig thaum puas, solder nrog cov ntaub so ntswg nyob sib ze, yuav luag tsis muaj zog. Kev kwv yees - 63% cov neeg muaj sia nyob tshaj 5 xyoos.
  • Metastases tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov qog ntshav iliac. Qhov kev kwv yees yuav zoo ib yam li qhov xwm txheej nrog cov qog ntshav qab zib retroperitoneal.
  • Retroperitoneal - nyob hauv cheeb tsamplab. Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no, lub lymphatic system muaj xws li cov hlab ntsha, lub regional nodes thiab loj lymphatic collectors. Cov cheeb tsam cuam tshuam ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv zoo sib xws, pom meej contours, ntom ntom, sib koom ua ke rau hauv cov conglomerates loj. Qhov kev tshwm sim rau metastases hauv cov qog ntshav qab zib retroperitoneal yog 64% ntawm cov neeg muaj sia nyob rau 5 xyoos.
  • Paraortal - nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub lumbar qaum. Lawv mus raws aorta.
  • plab kab noj hniav - nyob rau hauv lub peritoneum, lub nodal system ntawm lymph yog zoo tsim, nws yog ib tug barrier uas tiv thaiv kev kis tus kab mob nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam no. Intramural thiab parietal lymph nodes yog txawv. Qee zaum lawv tuaj yeem nce hauv txoj kab uas hla ntau dua kaum centimeters. Kev kwv yees rau cov kab mob metastases hauv cov qog ntshav hauv plab yog 63% muaj sia nyob rau 5 xyoos.
  • Axillary - Muaj 12 txog 45 pob hauv thaj tsam ntawm caj npab. Lawv qhov kev nce ntxiv tuaj yeem yog vim cov txheej txheem oncological hauv txhua lub cev, feem ntau hauv cov qog mammary.
  • Mediastinum - nyob rau hauv lub department ntawm lub hauv siab kab noj hniav muaj ib tug lymphatic duct, retrosternal thiab anterior lymph nodes. Yog hais tias tus neeg mob muaj pulmonary oncology, ces thaj tsam tom qab lub sternum feem ntau cuam tshuam, nrog ib tug kab mob ntawm lub caj pas mammary, lub anterior cheeb tsam. Kev kwv yees rau mediastinal lymph node metastases yog 63% muaj sia nyob ntawm 5 xyoos.
  • Supraclavicular - cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob thib ob tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ntau qhov chaw ntawm supraclavicular lymphatic system. Localization ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha pab cov kws kho mob txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv lub cev uas lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb nyob. Sab xis yog lub luag haujlwm rau mob qog noj ntshav prostate thiablub ntsws, daim duab peb sab cheeb tsam hais txog cov txheej txheem oncological nyob rau hauv lub ntsws thiab mammary caj pas, sab laug hais txog mob plab. Feem ntau, qhov swb ntawm cov qog ntshav qog ntshav yog theem thib peb lossis plaub hauv oncology. Raws li ib qho kev zam, tus kab mob pancreatic cais tawm, uas kis tau cov kab mob metastases los ntawm cov qog ntshav los ntawm thawj theem. Txuas nrog qhov no yog qhov tsis zoo rau cov qog ntshav qog ntshav los ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav pancreatic.
  • iliac lymph node metastases prognosis
    iliac lymph node metastases prognosis

Symptoms

Cov tsos mob ntawm metastases uas tau tshwm sim hauv cov qog ntshav qab zib tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb, thaum tsim muaj qhov loj me, thiab tus kws tshaj lij yuav pom qhov no thaum kuaj pom. Feem ntau, nrog cov tsos mob zoo li no, cov qog nqaij hlav inguinal, supraclavicular, axillary thiab cervical lymph nodes hloov. Lawv cov qauv yog tsis mob thiab mos-elastic.

Nrog rau cov qog nqaij hlav, tus neeg mob pib poob phaus. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj qhov tsis muaj zog. Anemia kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Tus neeg mob yuav raug ceeb toom los ntawm cov tsos mob tsis txaus ntseeg xws li kub taub hau, neurosis, mob khaub thuas, migraines, reddening ntawm epidermis thiab qhov loj ntawm daim siab.

Kev nce qib ntawm malignancy

Thaum metastases tshwm sim, peb tuaj yeem tham txog kev loj hlob ntawm tus mob neoplasm. Yog tias tus neeg mob muaj cov tsos mob no, cov qog ntshav qab zib tau nce ntxiv, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum hu rau tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd thiab tsis muaj qhov chaw mus rau tus kheej noj tshuaj.

Ntau zaus kuaj pom thawj zaugmetastases thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd qhov chaw pathological, uas yog, qog nws tus kheej. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias metastases nyob rau hauv lub ncauj tsev menyuam qog feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog 20 txog 30 xyoo lossis tom qab 60. Raws li twb tau sau tseg, nrog metastases, cov neeg mob pib hnov qhov tsis muaj zog, khaus, tawm hws thiab kub taub hau, poob qab los noj mov. Cov tsos mob zoo li no tsis meej lossis tsis pom txhua, thiab yog li cov neeg mob tsis tshua nrhiav kev pab kho mob.

Thaum cov qog nqaij hlav hauv tsev menyuam raug cuam tshuam, cov duab kho mob hauv qab no tau pom: cov duab ntawm cov qog ntshav hloov pauv, lawv nce. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, yuav tsum tau ib tug ultrasound scan, uas yuav pab tau kom nrhiav tau ib tug tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv tus piv ntawm ob longitudinal thiab transverse loj ntawm lub node, thiab yog hais tias nws yog sib npaug, ces qhov no feem ntau yuav qhia tau tias nws swb.

Kev mob qog noj ntshav nrog cov qog ntshav qog ntshav nyob ntawm theem.

Degrees

Cov kab mob lymphatic yog koom nrog ib nrab lossis tag nrho hauv cov txheej txheem malignant. Nyob ntawm qhov no, muaj peb theem ntawm nws:

  • mob me - cov txheej txheem inflammatory cuam tshuam los ntawm ib mus rau peb ntawm, feem ntau ntawm ib cheeb tsam;
  • nruab nrab - koom nrog plaub mus rau cuaj daim;
  • qhov kawg - ntau dua kaum thaj chaw tau mob, thaum cov kab mob metastases tshwm sim hauv thaj chaw lymphatic nyob deb.

Kev nce hauv ntau lub tuam haujlwm tau txiav txim siab thaum kuaj lossis pom qhov muag. Txhawm rau kawm txog cov kab mob pathology kom nthuav dav ntxiv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau siv cov kev kuaj mob ntxiv.

thyroid cancer metastases nyob rau hauvlymph nodes kwv yees
thyroid cancer metastases nyob rau hauvlymph nodes kwv yees

Diagnosis

Yog cov qog nqaij hlav loj, qhov no tsis nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub qhia tias muaj oncoformation hauv lub cev. Nws muaj peev xwm paub meej tias muaj cov txheej txheem malignant los ntawm kev kuaj thiab ntsuas cov txheej txheem: PET-CT (positron emission computed tomography) yog ua los ntawm kev qhia cov xov tooj cua hauv cov hlab ntsha, tom qab ntawd suav tomography tiav. Tus neeg mob yuav tsum dag tsis hais lus lossis txav mus rau ib teev. Txoj kev no tso cai rau koj txheeb xyuas cov metastases thoob plaws hauv lub cev. MRI kuj tseem tuaj yeem txhaj tus neeg sawv cev sib txawv. Cov kws kho mob thaij duab ntawm lub cev, cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov hlab ntsha hauv txheej, nthuav tawm cov qog ntawm lawv tom qab ntawd.

Ua tsaug rau kev kuaj ntshav, nws tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov kab mob hauv cheeb tsam thaum lub sijhawm tshem tawm qhov kev tsom xam thawj zaug yog tias lawv tsis muaj metastases. Cov khoom yog muab los ntawm nws, uas yog soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv ib tug microscope. Lub laj kab yog ua nrog rab koob nyias.

Cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub ua rau nws tuaj yeem kuaj pom cov kab mob lymphatic hauv thaj chaw uas tsis tuaj yeem ua palpated.

Kev kho mob

Metastases hauv cov qog ntshav qab zib tau kho tib yam li cov txheej txheem oncology hauv lub cev. Txoj kev kho tseem ceeb:

  • lymphadenectomy - cov chaw cuam tshuam raug tshem tawm kev phais; Lawv feem ntau raug tshem tawm thaum lub sij hawm excision ntawm thawj qhov txhab;
  • kev kho hluav taws xob - hluav taws xob siv yog tias thaj chaw deb cuam tshuam;
  • kws khomob - los ntawm cov tshuaj, cov hlwb tsis zooraug puas tsuaj; Txoj kev no yog siv ua ke nrog lymphadenectomy kom txo tau qhov yuav rov tshwm sim.

Kev kho mob tsuas yog muab los ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb. Kev sib xyaw ntawm ntau hom yog txiav txim los ntawm qhov xwm txheej.

metastases nyob rau hauv lymph nodes prognosis
metastases nyob rau hauv lymph nodes prognosis

Kev kuaj mob rau cov qog ntshav qog ntshav qog ntshav

Yog tias tsuas yog ua raws li cov qog ntshav qog ntshav qog ntshav, nws nyuaj rau xam qhov kev tshwm sim. Ntau yam yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qib kev loj hlob thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm ntawm lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb. Metastases nyob rau hauv cov qog ntshav feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nws cov theem kawg, yog li qhov kev tshwm sim feem ntau tsis zoo. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog vim oncology ntawm lub mis, ob lub raum los yog lub plab. Lub neej ncua yog txwv rau ob xyoos. Nyob rau hauv lub ncauj tsev menyuam nodes, metastases muaj ib tug ciaj sia taus ntawm tsib xyoos, nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm cov mob, thiab nyob rau hauv lub inguinal nodes - nyob rau hauv 60%. Dab tsi yog qhov tshwm sim rau cov qog nqaij hlav qog noj ntshav nrog cov qog ntshav qog ntshav?

Tom qab thyroidectomy nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm thyroid cancer ntawm thawj thiab thib ob theem yam tsis muaj metastases thiab relapses, tsib-xyoo ciaj sia nyob rau hauv 94% ntawm cov neeg mob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm hemithyroidectomy nrog ib tug isthmus, tsib-xyoos ciaj sia taus yog pom nyob rau hauv 93% ntawm cov neeg mob.

Kev kuaj mob rau hom kab mob oncology yog nyob ntawm kev kho mob ua los ntawm tus neeg mob, qhov tshwm sim thawj zaug thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm oncology. Yog hais tias lub qog muaj ib tug heev txawv daim ntawv - follicular thiab papillary hom oncology, ces 85-90% ntawm cov neeg ua tiav ib tug tiav kho nrog ib tug rov qab lub sij hawm ntawm 11-15 xyoo.

metastases nyob rau hauv mediastinal lymph nodeskwv yees
metastases nyob rau hauv mediastinal lymph nodeskwv yees

Reviews

Raws li kws kho mob, nrog metastases nyob rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav, nws nyuaj heev ua rau lub neej expectancy. Ntau yam cuam tshuam qhov no.

Kev kho cov kab mob metastases hauv cov qog ntshav qab zib tau zoo heev hauv cov neeg Ixayees, qhov uas muaj kev paub dhau los thiab cov txuj ci siab siv. Cov kws kho mob tau ua tiav tsis yog tsuas yog cov kab mob tseem ceeb xwb, tab sis kuj yog lawv cov metastases. Piv txwv li, thaum kho lawv hauv cov qog nqaij hlav, txoj kev tsis yog hluav taws xob tshiab ntawm ultrasound ablation yog siv ntawm no.

Txhua tus neeg mob, tsis hais tus kab mob theem twg, tau txais kev kho mob tsim nyog. Metastases yuav tsum tau kho, vim qhov no tsis tsuas yog tiv thaiv kev sib kis ntawm pathology, tab sis kuj ua rau tib neeg lub neej ntev.

Peb tau tshuaj xyuas cov kab mob qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav.

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