Peb txhua tus paub tias nws tseem ceeb npaum li cas kom paub tias yuav siv tshuaj dab tsi los daws cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob tshwj xeeb. Tab sis tsis tsuas yog qhov tseeb no muaj lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob ntawm ntau yam mob. Yuav ua li cas thiaj paub qhov tseeb npaum li cas ntawm cov tshuaj? Ntawm no yog lo lus nug tseem ceeb, uas tsis yog txhua tus paub cov lus teb meej. Qhov no tseem ceeb heev, vim hais tias, piv txwv li, tus menyuam lub cev yuav tsis teb txaus rau kev noj tshuaj ntau dhau.
Cov tshuaj noj yog dab tsi?
Ua ntej tshaj, koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias cov tshuaj yog dab tsi. Cov no yog cov tshuaj uas ib tug neeg siv los tiv thaiv thiab kho ntau yam kab mob. Nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm cov tshuaj, nws tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm cov tsiaj thiab tib neeg cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov kabmob, cov khoom siv cog thiab cov ntxhia.
Qhov no ua rau nws nqus tau zoo dua hauv tib neeg lub cev. Cov tshuaj yog tsim nyob rau hauv ntau hom: ntsiav tshuaj, syrups, tinctures, kev daws teeb meem thiab lwm yam kev xaiv. Muaj ntau hom tshuajTxhais tau hais tias: lub hom phiaj dav dav (kho cov kab mob txhua hnub, xws li kab mob thiab mob khaub thuas), muaj zog (siv los tiv thaiv cov kab mob loj, xws li qaug dab peg), tshuaj lom (piv txwv li, kho ntau hom qog).
Txhua yam tshuaj ib txwm los nrog cov lus qhia uas qhia meej txog koob tshuaj uas koj xav pib noj. Tau kawg, qee zaum cov kws kho mob uas paub txog sau ntawv rau kev siv tshuaj uas txawv ntawm nws cov lus qhia. Thiab qhov no yog qhov muaj peev xwm ua tau, vim tias tus kws kho mob paub zoo dua cov tsos mob ntawm koj tus kab mob, koj qhov hnyav thiab hnub nyoog, uas txhais tau tias nws yuav raug sau ntau dua rau kev kho mob rau koj.
Cov ntsiab lus siv thaum teeb tsa ntau npaum li cov tshuaj
Qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov tshuaj yog, qhov tseeb, kev teem caij ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv ib tug npaum li cas (cov tshuaj, yog hais tias peb tham txog ntsiav tshuaj, syrups, tinctures, thiab lwm yam) los yog nyob rau hauv txoj cai concentration (thaum peb tham txog. inhalation, piv txwv li, muaj peev xwm sib tov cov tshuaj nrog ib qho kev daws teeb meem).
Feem ntau, cov kws kho mob qhia txog chav ntsuas rau kev noj tshuaj hauv grams lossis milligrams (micrograms thiab ntau dua). Yog tias koj tsis paub yuav ua li cas thiaj paub qhov tseeb npaum li cas ntawm cov tshuaj, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo mloog cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:
- cov koob tshuaj: tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj uas yuav tsum tau noj nyob rau hauv ib lub sijhawm kom tshem tawm tag nrho cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob (hais tias, chav kawm feem ntau yog 3, 5, 10, 14, 21 hnub lossis ntau lub hlis. - txhua yam nyob ntawm cov tshuaj). Qhov no tseem ceeb heev thaum noj tshuaj tua kab mob vimTsis ua raws li cov koob tshuaj thaum siv lawv ua rau tib neeg lub cev txhim kho kev tiv thaiv rau lawv, thiab lawv yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig hauv kev kho mob;
- koob tshuaj kho mob, i.e. tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj uas, nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm tus kws kho mob, yuav ua rau kom tus neeg mob rov qab tag nrho;
- koob tshuaj txhua hnub - tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj uas koj yuav tsum tau noj thaum nruab hnub (24 teev);
- koob tshuaj ib zaug: tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj uas tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau haus ib zaug.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov koob tshuaj ntau tshaj plaws thiab cov koob tshuaj ntau tshaj txhua hnub, tom qab ntawd tus neeg yuav tsis muaj kev phiv. Muaj cov tshuaj kho mob hauv qab no:
- siab tshaj: tej zaum yuav muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lub cev, uas yuav ua rau tuag taus;
- nruab nrab: tus nqi ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws thiab yam tsawg kawg;
- yam tsawg kawg nkaus: qis dua ib koob tshuaj uas yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau tus kab mob.
Yuav ntsuas qhov koob tshuaj no lossis tshuaj li cas?
Ntau tus neeg xav paub yuav ua li cas xam cov tshuaj noj, muaj txhais tau tias ntawm tes (dawb, ntsuas khob). Muaj feem ntau lees txais kev ntsuas ntawm cov kua ntim uas tuaj yeem siv rau qhov no:
- 1 faceted iav - 200 ml (xws li 40 tsp, 20 khoom qab zib diav, 16 tbsp);
- 1 tbsp. - 15 ml (xws li 3 tsp);
- 1 diav qab zib - 10 ml (suav nrog 2 tsp);
- 1 tsp - 5 ml (qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntsuaskoob).
koob tshuaj tuaj yeem xam raug yog siv cov khoom siv uas tuaj nrog cov tshuaj, piv txwv li: ntsuas khob, koob txhaj tshuaj, koob tshuaj yeeb, koob tshuaj.
Lawv tuaj yeem ntsuas cov tshuaj ua kua uas xav tau, lossis ncuav cov hmoov zoo uas xav tau. Cov tshuaj no feem ntau yog siv hauv tsev nrog kev kho tus kheej. Feem ntau, lawv tuaj yeem ntsuas cov khoom siv tshuaj hauv cov kua hauv thaj tsam ntawm 2.5 ml txog 60 ml. Ntawm chav kawm, nyob rau hauv tsev kho mob, nws yog pom zoo kom siv tshuaj nyob rau hauv lwm yam ntaub ntawv (piv txwv li, kua - los ntawm ib tug dropper), i.e. thaum kws kho mob tau yooj yim taug qab tus nqi ntawm kev tswj hwm tshuaj, nws nqus los ntawm tus neeg mob lub cev thiab, tau kawg, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho mob tsim nyog.
Yuav tshuaj npaum li cas hauv cov tshuaj lossis tshuaj tincture?
Txhawm rau teb cov lus nug yooj yim zoo li yuav ua li cas txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb npaum li cas ntawm cov tshuaj, koj yuav tsum ua cov lus qhia hauv qab no:
- Nws yog ib txwm ua raws li kev noj cov tshuaj ua kua nrog ib lub teaspoon ib txwm, qhov ntim, raws li tau hais los saum no, yog 5 ml. Piv txwv li, koj tus kws kho mob muab tshuaj rau koj hauv daim ntawv syrup. Ntawm nws lub ntim, cov piv txwv hauv qab no tau qhia, uas, qee zaum, qhia txhua tus neeg tsis meej pem: 15 mg / 5 ml. Txhua yam yog yooj yim ntawm no: qhov no txhais tau tias 1 tsp. cov tshuaj yuav muaj 15 mg ntawm no syrup. Yog tias ib koob tshuaj tshwj xeeb rau koj yog 45 mg, ces koj yuav tsum haus 3 tsp ib zaug. syrup.
- Qee zaum, cov tuam txhab lag luam qhia tias ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj ua kua muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntim, piv txwv li, syrup. Cia peb hais lub pob hais tias cov khoom xyaw nquag yog 60 mg, thiab qhov ntim ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj yog 120 ml. Peb xav txog ntau npaum li cas nws yuav muaj nyob rau hauv 1 ml: 60 mg / 120 ml \u003d 0.5 mg / 1 ml. Thiab yog hais tias 1 tsp. muaj 5 ml: 5 ml x 0.5 mg / ml \u003d 2.5 mg ntawm cov khoom xyaw nquag hauv 1 tsp. Raws li qhov no, peb suav peb tus kheej cov koob tshuaj txhua hnub.
- Nws tshwm sim tias qhov piv ntawm cov tshuaj nquag mus rau 100 mg lossis 100 ml yog qhia ntawm lub ntim ntawm cov tshuaj. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los suav txhua yam ntawm no, raws li tau hais los saum toj no.
Dab tsi cuam tshuam qhov koob tshuaj?
Drug dosage table (piv txwv li tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv hais txog koob tshuaj) feem ntau suav nrog tus neeg mob lub hnub nyoog, qhov hnyav, qee zaum poj niam txiv neej.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau tus kws tshaj lij tshwj xeeb yog xav txog txhua yam cuam tshuam rau kev noj tshuaj tshwj xeeb:
- hnub nyoog thiab poj niam txiv neej ntawm tus neeg mob;
- muaj lossis tsis muaj kab mob ntev;
- noj lossis tsis noj lwm yam tshuaj nrog rau kev kho mob;
- mob hnyav thiab lub sijhawm muaj mob.
Txhua tus yuav nkag siab tias tus neeg muaj qhov hnyav me yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj me dua piv rau tus neeg uas muaj qhov ntim loj dua. Los yog, piv txwv li, cov txiv neej muaj cov metabolism hauv tshwj xeeb, yog li cov koob tshuaj rau lawv feem ntau siab dua rau cov poj niam. Yog vim li cas cov lus qhia rauQhov nruab nrab koob tshuaj tau qhia rau cov tshuaj, kom tus kws kho mob tuaj koom nws tus kheej tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov xav tau ntawm cov tshuaj, tshwj xeeb rau koj.
Xaiv koob tshuaj rau menyuam yaus
Cov tshuaj noj hauv cov menyuam yaus yog qhov teeb meem tsis sib haum xeeb. Qee tus kws kho mob pom zoo kom suav nws raws li cov koob tshuaj zoo sib xws rau tus neeg laus.
Tab sis ntau tus tsis xav ntseeg qhov txheej txheem no, vim tias qhov loj ntawm tus menyuam yaus tsawg dua li cov neeg laus, thiab lawv cov metabolism sai dua. Cov kws kho mob hais tias lub cev loj hlob tuaj yeem nkag siab rau ntau hom tshuaj. Piv txwv li, cov menyuam yaus tsis nyiam siv cawv, tshuaj, nicotine, uas feem ntau yog ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj. Yog, thiab lawv qhov kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo yog qhov pom tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub cev me. Yog li ntawd, qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov tshuaj rau cov me nyuam yog xam raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus me nyuam lub cev qhov hnyav (1 kg), lub cev deg cheeb tsam (1 sq.m), tus naj npawb ntawm lub xyoo ntawm nws lub neej.
Koj kuj yuav tsum nkag siab tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tib yam tshuaj hauv cov menyuam sib txawv tuaj yeem sib txawv kiag li. Nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm tus menyuam txoj kev genetic predisposition rau cov kab mob, muaj cov kab mob ntev thiab ntau ntxiv. Feem ntau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj yog tswj los ntawm kev txo lossis nce nws cov koob tshuaj. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov niam txiv uas tsis muaj kev paub paub txog tias txoj kev uas lawv tau txais (qhov ncauj, qhov quav, intramuscularly, subcutaneously, intravenously) kuj muaj kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua tau zoo. Ib feem ntawm tej yam tshuaj rauCov menyuam yaus feem ntau suav nrog ob txoj hauv kev tshwj xeeb:
- raws li qhov hnyav ntawm tus menyuam: ib 1 kg;
- raws li lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus menyuam: hnub nyoog qhia (mus txog lossis tom qab xyoo twg cov tshuaj tuaj yeem muab rau tus menyuam).
Yog tias koj siv cov tshuaj uas muaj rau cov neeg laus, tom qab ntawd rau ib tus menyuam yaus, koj yuav tsum ua raws li cov koob tshuaj uas tau hais hauv daim ntawv sau qhia. Lub rooj noj tshuaj noj:
| hnub nyoog ntawm me nyuam | Txoj kev noj tshuaj piv rau tus neeg laus koob |
| mus txog 6 lub hlis | 1/10 - 1/8 |
| 6 hli - 12 lub hlis | 1/8 - 1/7 |
| 12 lub hlis - 24 lub hlis | 1/7 - 1/6 |
| 24 mon. -3 xyoos | 1/6 - 1/5 |
| 3-4 xyoos | 1/5 - 1/4 |
| 4-6 xyoo | 1/4 - 1/3 |
| 6-8 xyoo | 1/3 - 1/2 |
| 8-10 xyoo | 1/2 - 3/4 |
| 10-14 xyoos | 3/4 - 5/6 |
| 14-18 xyoo | 5/6 - 1 |
Tau kawg, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj thaum kho tus menyuam siv tshuaj uas tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov menyuam yaus. Ua ntej, cov tuam ntxhab, tsim cov tshuaj no, ua raws li kev xav tau ntau ntxiv rau cov khoom zoo. Qhov thib ob, nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los xaiv thiab ua qhov tseeb ntawm cov tshuaj, piv txwv li, los ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj zoo sib xws rau cov neeg laus. Qee zaum cov tshuaj nquag muaj ntau dua li tus menyuam xav tau los kho tus kabmob.
Xaivkoob tshuaj rau cov neeg laus
Hauv paus ntsiab lus, cov tshuaj rau cov neeg laus yuav tsum tau noj raws li cov lus qhia uas tuaj nrog lawv. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tib lub sijhawm yog ua raws li cov cai hauv qab no thiab tsis txhob sib txawv ntawm lawv:
- Ua tib zoo ua raws li tus kws kho mob cov tshuaj, tsis txhob noj tus kheej;
- nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev suav kom raug ib zaug, txhua hnub thiab cov koob tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj, raws li qhov hnyav thiab poj niam txiv neej ntawm tus neeg laus;
- muas tshuaj tsuas yog hauv qhov chaw ntseeg siab xwb thiaj li tsis tau txais tus cuav.
Nco ntsoov tias txhua yam tshuaj yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, muaj tshuaj lom neeg uas tuaj yeem coj koj kev noj qab haus huv tsis yog tsuas yog cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev rov qab los, tab sis kuj ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj yog siv tsis raug.
Tshuaj muab tshuaj: puas tsim nyog?
Yuav ua li cas thiaj paub qhov tseeb ntawm cov tshuaj thaum siv thawj zaug? Cov tshuaj uas feem ntau txuas nrog rau txhua yam tshuaj yuav pab tau koj nrog qhov no. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub medicinal thaj chaw ntawm cov tshuaj, ib zaug xwb, ib hnub koob tshuaj yog qhia, raws li zoo raws li cov koob tshuaj rau cov chav kawm ntawm kev noj cov tshuaj. Kev noj tshuaj kom raug cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus neeg mob txoj kev rov zoo. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias qee zaum cov kws kho mob saib tsis taus cov tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb. Yog tias muaj qhov tsis sib xws nyob rau hauv kev teem caij ntawm ib tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb thiab cov tshuaj uas txuas nrog rau cov tshuaj, nws tsim nyog nug nws cov lus nug tsim nyog. Tom qab tag nrho, feem ntau cov koob tshuaj ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm tus neeg, muaj cov kab mob ntev, hnub nyoog, thiab lwm yam. Thiab txoj hauj lwm ntawm tus kws kho mob nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog kom raug nws.
Nebulizer thiab koob tshuaj rau nws
Raws li koj paub, kev kawm txuj ci tseem tsis tau sawv ntsug, thiab tsis ntev los no yog ib qho khoom siv zoo heev rau kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob ntawm lub qhov ntswg thiab caj pas hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus - lub tshuab nqus tsev tau paub.
Raws li cov neeg mob lawv tus kheej sau tseg, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho mob nrog cov cuab yeej no tsuas yog zoo heev: ua ntej, nws yuav siv sij hawm tsawg dua thaum kawg tshem tawm cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob; Qhov thib ob, koj siv nyiaj tsawg dua rau txoj kev kho nws tus kheej.
Tsuas yog nco ntsoov, koj tsis tas yuav kho tus kheej ntawm no ib qho, cov tshuaj thiab ntau npaum li cas rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob yuav tsum tau muab los ntawm tus kws kho mob paub txog. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm nws txoj hauj lwm yog raws li nram no: koj ncuav qhov tsim nyog npaj rau hauv ib lub thawv tshwj xeeb, sib tov nws nyob rau hauv tej proportions nrog ib tug saline tov, thiab ua pa nyob rau hauv lub chav tsim (uas yog tsim los ntawm lub lag luam ntawm lub compressor los yog ultrasound). Yog li, cov tshuaj tau muab faib rau hauv lub pharynx lossis qhov ntswg kab noj hniav thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lawv txoj kev kho mob. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub cov tshuaj thiab ntau npaum li cas rau lub nebulizer uas tau siv nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv niaj hnub no:
- sodium chloride tov (tsuas yog cov tshuaj hnyav xwb);
- tshuaj "Berodual" (expands bronchi);
- ncua "Pulmicort" (dries lub qhov ntswg mucosa nrog lub qhov ntswg hnyav hnyav);
- cawv daws ntawm chlorphyllipt: txo qhov hnoos haum thiab tshem tawm phlegm.
Tshuaj uas siv rau hauvniaj hnub nebulizers, ntau. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias yuav tsum siv tshuaj npaum li cas rau kev nqus pa hauv ib kis lossis lwm qhov.
Drug overdose - Puas yog nws txoj sia hem?
Kuv xav kom nco ntsoov tias cov xwm txheej zoo li no tshwm sim ntau zaus hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Tib neeg, tsis tau nyeem cov lus qhia, noj, raws li nws zoo nkaus li rau lawv, ib txwm muaj cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb. Lawv tam sim ntawd ntsib cov tsos mob hauv qab no: xeev siab, kiv taub hau, mob taub hau, tsis muaj zog, tsis muaj leeg nqaij contraction.
Txhua yam no tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus. Txhawm rau kho qhov xwm txheej hauv lub sijhawm luv luv, koj yuav tsum tau ceev nrooj ntuav, ntxuav lub plab ntawm tus neeg mob thiab nrhiav kev pab los ntawm lub tsev kho mob. Thaum koj tab tom tos lub tsheb thauj neeg mob, haus cov tshuaj yej dub muaj zog, tab sis tsis yog mis nyuj, qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev qaug zog ntau dua. Txhawm rau zam qhov xwm txheej zoo li no, koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias cov tshuaj npaum li cas yog, thiab nco ntsoov ua raws li nws.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum paub tias thaum siv cov tshuaj no lossis cov tshuaj ntawd, koj siv qee yam tshuaj uas, ntxiv rau qhov txiaj ntsig, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj. Txij li thaum, txawm tias lawv qhov tsawg kawg nkaus overdose, lawv tig mus rau hauv tshuaj lom, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg mob hluas, rau lawv lub neej lawv niam lawv txiv yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog ua ntej noj cov tshuaj no lossis cov tshuaj ntawd (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws los rau menyuam yaus) mus ntsib kws kho mob, suav nws cov koob tshuaj kom raug thiab tsis muaj teeb meem.txhob deviate ntawm tus nqi no.
