qe ntshav muaj ntau haiv neeg. Txhua tus ntawm lawv ua nws lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb, txhawm rau khaws cia thiab tswj lub cev ua haujlwm. Platelets muaj lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm cov ntshav poob.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb los txiav txim seb muaj pes tsawg lub hlwb hauv cov menyuam yaus, vim tias lawv raug mob ntau dua, thiab cov ntshav poob nrog lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lub cev ntau dua li cov neeg laus. Yog li dab tsi yog platelets, thiab dab tsi yog tus qauv rau platelets hauv menyuam yaus?
cov hlwb no yog dab tsi?
Platelets yog cov hlwb uas ua kom muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm phab ntsa. Lawv yog tsim los ntawm ib tug megakaryocyte - ib tug loj heev cell tsis muaj ib tug nucleus. Kev tsim cov platelets (lub npe thib ob ntawm platelets) tshwm sim los ntawm kev tshem tawm ntawm lub cell loj.
Kwv yees li 70 feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov hlwb tsim nyob hauv cov hlab ntsha, thiab 30 feem pua nyob hauv tus po. Kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov hlwb no kuj tshwm sim nyob ntawd.
Platelets tsis muaj nuclei, thiab vim li no lawv tsis muaj peev xwm rov tsim dua.
Lawv cov cytoplasm muaj qee cov enzymes, nrog rau cov tshuaj uas txhawb kev tsim cov ntshav txhaws,vim cov hlwb no ua lawv txoj haujlwm.
Platelets tsis nyob ntev - los ntawm 7 mus rau 10 hnub, tom qab uas cov hlwb tsis siv tau raug rhuav tshem los ntawm macrophages.
Cov qauv ntawm platelets hauv cov menyuam yaus ib txwm siab dua li cov neeg laus. Qhov no yog vim lub active metabolism ntawm tus me nyuam lub cev. Dab tsi yog qhov txiaj ntsig ib txwm rau tus lej ntawm cov hlwb no?
Kev ua haujlwm ib txwm
pes tsawg ntawm cov qe ntshav txiav txim siab yuav tsum yog platelets? Cov qauv hauv cov menyuam yaus feem ntau nyob hauv cov kev txwv hauv qab no:
- Nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yug tshiab, cov ntshav suav feem ntau yog li ntawm 100 txog 42010⁹ hlwb ib liter ntawm cov ntshav.
- Thaum muaj hnub nyoog ib xyoos, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov platelets nce me ntsis - txog 150. Qhov siab tshaj plaws, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, txo qis rau 350.
- Tom qab ib xyoos, qhov ntsuas platelet ntawm tus menyuam yog tib yam li cov neeg laus - 180-32010⁹ ib liter ntawm cov ntshav.
- Thaum muaj hnub nyoog tsib xyoos, qee qhov tshwm sim qee zaum pom - platelets hloov pauv (tus qauv hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 5 xyoos tsis txawv ntawm cov neeg laus, txawm li cas los xij, cov hlwb ua haujlwm ntau dua, vim tias kev loj hlob ntawm thrombopathies. yog pom). Qhov tshwm sim no tau piav qhia los ntawm kev sib tham txog menyuam yaus thib ob. Vim muaj kev tswj hwm ntawm neutrophils, cov txheej txheem o tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog kev ua kom tsis tseeb ntawm platelets.
Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nrog kev kuaj ntshav kho vajtse thiab suav nrog kev suav, tus nqi platelet hauv tus menyuam cov ntshav yuav txawv me ntsis. Yog li ntawd, nrog kev suav tsis siv neeg, qhov siab tshaj plawsCov nqi ib txwm muaj ntawm cov phiaj xwm muaj txog li 500 rau cov menyuam yug tshiab thiab txog li 400 tus menyuam hnub nyoog ib xyoos.
Kev nyiam tseem yuav tsum tau muab rau kev suav phau ntawv: tsawg dua yuav ua yuam kev thiab ntau dua los ua qhov tseeb.
lawv tsim li cas?
Kev tsim cov platelets tshwm sim hauv cov pob txha pob txha. Cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm cov hlwb no yog megakaryocyte - lub cell loj. Nws nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov hlwb endothelial thiab fibroblasts. Vim yog kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov hlwb los ntawm sab nraud, cov khoom ntawm megakaryocyte tau sib cais (nws cytoplasm hla ntawm cov hlwb nyob ib puag ncig thiab yog li laced).
Tawm mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, platelets circulate los ntawm nws mus txog rau thaum lawv mus txog qhov chaw puas ntawm cov hlab ntsha (qhov muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm endothelial yog qhov tseem ceeb). Nyob rau ntawd, platelets ua rau qee cov txheej txheem humoral, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov pob txha fibrous tsim ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov txhab, uas cov platelets tshiab nyob. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej ib tug dawb thiab ces ib tug liab thrombus yog tsim.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov hlwb hauv cov pob txha pob txha tshwm sim txhua hnub, uas tso cai rau koj tswj hwm lawv cov lej ib txwm muaj. Txhua yam kev puas tsuaj rau cov pob txha pob txha ua rau txo qis lossis nce ntawm cov phaj.
Hloov pauv ntawm cov lej
Raws li koj paub, txhua qhov ntsuas ntawm ib puag ncig sab hauv ntawm tib neeg lub cev hloov pauv los ntawm ntau yam laj thawj. Kev nce qib ntawm platelets yog hu ua thrombocytosis. Nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua thawj thiab theem nrab. Primary thrombocytosis tsim los ntawmncaj qha kev puas tsuaj rau cov pob txha. Secondary nyob ntawm comorbidities.
Txo cov qib platelets hu ua leukopenia. Zoo li thrombocytosis, nws muab faib ua thawj thiab theem nrab.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nkag siab tias platelets txawv li cas hauv cov menyuam yaus. Cov qauv (cov lus suav nrog cov ntsuas ib txwm muaj thiab sib txawv raws li hnub nyoog) tuaj yeem hloov pauv mus rau txhua qhov kev coj thiab qee zaum raug suav tias tsis raug. Tias yog vim li cas nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom paub qhov txawv txav ntawm cov qauv hauv cov me nyuam kom paub qhov tseeb. lub rooj zoo li no.
| Indicator | Thrombocytopenia | Norma | Thrombocytosis |
| thawj 5 hnub ntawm lub neej | < 42010⁹ | 215-42010⁹ | >42010⁹ |
| 10-14 hnub | < 17510⁹ | 175-42010⁹ | >42010⁹ |
| 1 xyoo | < 15010⁹ | 150-35010⁹ | >35010⁹ |
Yog li vim li cas cov qib ntawm cov hlwb hloov pauv? Yuav tsum nkag siab qhov teeb meem no kom ntxaws ntxiv.
Yog vim li cas ntshav platelets siab
Vim li cas platelets tuaj yeem nce ntxiv? Cov qauv hauv cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem hloov pauv vim yog vim li cas hauv qab no:
- Cov kab mob Myeloproliferative (feem ntau cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm cov pob txha pob txha nrog kev nce hauv nws cov haujlwm ua haujlwm). Kev nce ntawm cov platelets tshwm sim feem ntau nrogsib npaug nce thiab lwm cov hlwb.
- Cov kab mob ua rau mob, feem ntau yog mob ntev - rheumatoid joint disease (juvenile arthritis), tuberculosis.
- Ntsuag. Muaj kev ua haujlwm ntau dhau ntawm cov platelets kom tsis txhob poob ntshav.
- Kev siv cov glucocorticosteroids. Cov tshuaj hormones no, thaum siv rau lub sijhawm ntev (piv txwv li, nrog mob ntsws asthma hnyav), ua rau yuav luag tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntuj raug cuam tshuam, yog li thrombocytosis tuaj yeem tshwm sim.
Tshaj li cov platelets ib txwm nyob hauv tus menyuam kuj tuaj yeem pom los ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov ntshav (piv txwv li, nrog erythremia).
Txo cov platelets
Raws li tau hais, qib ntawm cov qog ntshav tuaj yeem txo qis. Vim li cas qhov no tshwm sim?
Platelets hauv qab tus qauv hauv tus menyuam feem ntau pom muaj kab mob ntshav - aplastic anemia thiab leukemia. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov hlwb ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kuj txo qis.
kab mob tshwm sim. Cov no suav nrog Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, Fanconi, histiocytosis. Nws yog cov kab mob no uas ua rau cov menyuam yaus txo cov platelets. Cov qauv hauv cov menyuam yaus yuav luag tsis tau pom, qib ntawm daim hlau ib txwm txo qis.
Muag. Lawv ua rau thrombopenia hauv cov ntxhais uas nyuam qhuav muaj menarche. Ua ntej lub voj voog normalizes, tej zaum yuav muaj qhov txo qis hauv qib ntawm cov hlwb.
Hnyav hlau lom. Lead toxins feem ntau tshwm sim (piv txwv li, paubib rooj plaub uas ib tug me nyuam muaj qhov tshuaj lom no los ntawm evaporation ntawm vapors los ntawm cov wallpaper tshiab).
Txoj hauv menyuam yaus
Platelet suav feem ntau normalize ib xyoos, tab sis thaum lub sij hawm cev xeeb tub, tus me nyuam cov ntshav hloov pauv.
Thaum platelets txiav txim siab, cov qauv hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos yuav txawv me ntsis. Piv txwv li, thawj tsib teev ntawm tus me nyuam lub neej, txog 215 lab platelets tau pom nyob rau hauv cov ntshav. Hauv thawj tsib hnub, tus lej no txo qis, thiab thaum kawg ntawm hnub 5, lawv tus lej nres ntawm 175 lab. Nws yog nyob rau hnub 5 uas qhov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb tshwm sim hauv cov ntshav - qib tsis yog platelets nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj hloov pauv leukocytes (lub npe hu ua "pediatric txiab" - kev sib tshuam ntawm lymphocytes thiab neutrophils). Txij li hnub thib kaum, cov platelet suav stabilizes - tsawg kawg yog 100 lab hlwb (100-42010⁹).
Thaum lawv loj hlob tuaj, lawv cov lej nce me ntsis thiab sib npaug li 180-32010⁹ txog ib xyoos.
Yuav ua li cas txheeb xyuas cov platelets?
Kev kuaj ntshav yog siv los txiav txim cov platelets. Nws tuaj yeem nqa tawm hauv txhua lub tsev kho mob lossis chaw kuaj mob uas muaj cov cuab yeej tsim nyog.
Thaum ua kev tshuaj xyuas, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus menyuam. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias yog tias platelets raug txiav txim siab, cov qauv hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos, uas yog qhov txwv qis, yog qhov tsawg heev. Koj tsuas yog ntshai yog tias qhov ntsuas qis qis dua 100.
Kev qhia txog kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov hlwb yog los ntshav ntev lossisntawm qhov tsis sib xws, kev tsim cov ntshav txhaws sai heev.
Raws li tau hais los saum no, yog tias platelets tau txiav txim siab, cov qauv hauv cov menyuam yaus yuav hloov pauv me ntsis nyob ntawm txoj kev suav. Yog tias siv cov qhab nia automated, qhov kev txwv sab saud ntawm ib txwm yog me ntsis siab dua nrog cov qhab nia ntawm phau ntawv. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias lub cuab yeej perceives txawm me me ntshav txhaws raws li ob peb cov ntshav txhaws, thiab ib tug neeg, thaum suav, raws li ib tug cell.
Ntxiv rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov hlwb, nws tuaj yeem ntsuas lawv cov haujlwm ua haujlwm. Rau qhov no, lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb tau muab rau - coagulogram. Nws tuaj yeem kuaj pom qhov txawv txav hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm daim hlau, txawm tias qhov ntsuas ntawm platelets hauv tus menyuam cov ntshav tau raug txiav txim siab.
Dab tsi yog qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev hloov cov ntsuas ib txwm muaj?
Vim li cas qib ntawm cov ntshav txhaws tau txiav txim siab? Lawv cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:
- qib cell qis ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo los ntshav. Thaum muaj kev raug mob tshwm sim, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov ntshav poob loj zuj zus (thiab rau ib tug me nyuam, qhov poob ntawm cov ntshav me me tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus). Feem ntau, bruises ntawm daim tawv nqaij txawm tias tom qab lub teeb sib cuag nrog nws yog cov harbiners ntawm ib tug txo nyob rau hauv lub hlwb. Thaum lawv tshwm sim, nco ntsoov kuaj platelet.
- Kev nce qib ntawm cov hlwb hem nrog kev nce thrombosis, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov ntshav ncig feem ntau (qhov yuav tshwm sim ntawm kev mob thrombosis thiab mob stroke ntxiv,infarction los yog necrosis).
Yog vim li cas nws tseem ceeb heev los txiav txim siab cov ntshav no.
