Muaj ntau yam kab mob uas tiv thaiv kab mob pom cov hlwb ntawm nws lub cev raws li txawv teb chaws, tom qab ntawd nws pib yuam kev tawm tsam lawv. Feem ntau autoimmune pathologies yog mob ntev thiab ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau kev noj qab haus huv. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov kab mob no thaum ntxov ntawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob, cov kws kho mob tau sau ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm ANF. Cov ntawv luv no sawv cev rau "antinuclear factor". Qee cov ntawv tshaj tawm sau cov kev tshawb fawb no ua ANA. Lub ntsiab lus sawv cev rau "kev tshuaj xyuas rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob antinuclear." ANF yog ib qho kev qhia tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob uas pab tus kws kho mob los tsim cov kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws thiab tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm cov teeb meem.
Lub ntsiab ntawm txoj kev
Cov khoom siv roj ntsha rau kev tshawb fawb yog ntshav. Thaum twg cov kab mob pathogenic nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob pib tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb, lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev rhuav tshem cov antigens txawv teb chaws. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev yog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas thiab ntsuas cov tshuaj no hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ua kua.
Cov kws kho mob hais tias qhov kev kuaj ntshav ANF yog ib hom kev tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj uas muaj cov ntsiab lus siab. Nrog nws cov kev pab, nws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas cov kab mob autoimmune txawm nyob rau theem pib ntawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb kuj tau kuaj pom nyob rau hauv cov neeg uas muaj kab mob siab hnyav, oncology thiab qee yam kab mob sib kis. Cov tshuaj no kuj muaj nyob rau hauv cov neeg noj qab haus huv. Qhov xwm txheej no yuav tsum muaj kev sib koom ua ke los txheeb xyuas qhov laj thawj.
ANF tsom xam qee zaum suav nrog kev ntsuas ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm immunoglobulins. Lawv lub xub ntiag tuaj yeem qhia txog kev txhim kho collagenoses thiab kab mob rheumatic.
Kev qhia
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias qhov kev kuaj ntshav ANF yog ib qho kev kuaj mob uas tau sau tseg kom paub meej lossis tsis suav nrog qhov muaj cov kab mob autoimmune, nrog rau kev ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev kho mob.
Tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem xav tias muaj mob los ntawm cov tsos mob hauv qab no:
- Ua npaws ntev heev yam tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim.
- Pab mob hauv pob qij txha.
- Nyob rau theem ntawm kev qaug zog.
- mob hauv cov leeg thiab pob qij txha.
- daim tawv nqaij tshwm sim yam tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim.
- Ntau zaus ntawm cov leeg mob.
- nce lub cev kub.
- poob phaus.
- Nyob ib ntus xeev siab.
- Headache.
- tsis hnov lus.
- Zoo.
Tsis tas li ntawd, ANF kev tshuaj ntsuam tau raug tshuaj rau qhov xav tias muaj kab mob rheumatic. Txoj kev tshawb no yog ua tom qab tau txaisCov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj mob hauv chaw kuaj mob, uas qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm ESR, CEC thiab C-reactive protein yog nce.
Dab tsi qhia
ANF-ntshav kuaj pom pom cov kab mob ntawm qhov xwm txheej autoimmune. Txoj kev tshawb no yog qhia rau cov kab mob hauv qab no:
- YSystemic lupus erythematosus.
- Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.
- Sjogren's disease.
- Rheumatoid mob caj dab.
- Alopecia areata.
- Addison tus kab mob.
- Ankylosing spondylitis.
- YAntiphospholipid Syndrome.
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
- Bullous pemphigoid.
- Autoimmune kab mob siab.
- kab mob celiac.
- Autoimmune pathologies ntawm pob ntseg sab hauv.
- kab mob Chagas.
- Churg-Strauss syndrome.
- Tus kab mob obstructive pulmonary.
- YDermatomyositis.
- Crohn's disease.
- Type I diabetes.
- Zoo pasture Syndrome.
- Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
- Graves' disease.
- YGuillain-Barré Syndrome.
- Kawasaki kab mob.
- YPurulent hydradenitis.
- YPrimary nephropathy.
- Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
- Interstitial cystitis.
- YErythematous lupus.
- Sharpe's syndrome.
- YAnnular scleroderma.
- Multiple sclerosis.
- Narcolepsy.
- Neuromyotonia.
- Pemphigus vulgaris.
- Psoriasis.
- Raynaud phenomenon.
- Wegener's granulomatosis.
Vasculitis
Nov yog daim ntawv teev cov kab mob tsis tiav. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas qhov kev soj ntsuam ntawm ANF qhia txog kev txhim kho ntawm autoimmune pathologies thaum ntxov ntawm lawv cov chav kawm. Qhov no tso cai rau tus kws kho mob txiav txim siab txog kev kho mob, thiab ntsuas nws cov txiaj ntsig ntxiv.
Kev npaj
Biomaterial sampling yog ua thaum sawv ntxov. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los pub ntshav ntawm lub plab khoob. Cov zaub mov kawg yuav tsum tau noj tsawg kawg 4 teev ua ntej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tso cai rau haus dej txhua lub sijhawm thiab txhua qhov ntau. Cawv txwv tsis pub haus cawv.
So kom pom 1 hnub ua ntej kev kawm. Kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub cev thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws feem ntau ua rau qhov tshwm sim tsis tseeb. Kev haus luam yeeb yog txwv tsis pub ib nrab teev ua ntej pub ntshav.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ceeb toom rau tus kws kho mob txog cov tshuaj noj thaum muab tshuaj rau ANF. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov active Cheebtsam ntawm ib co tshuaj provoke zus tau tej cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab kuj yuav ua rau cov tshuaj induced lupus. Cov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo-tsis zoo feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev noj cov tshuaj glucocorticosteroids.
Yog tias tus neeg mob tau txais kev kho lub cev lossis kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, lawv yuav tsum tau nqa tsuas yog tom qab pub ntshav xwb.
Biomaterial sampling
Nws ua rau sawv ntxov. Cov khoom siv roj ntsha yog cov ntshav venous. Nws sampling yog ua raws li tus qauv algorithm. Raws li txoj cai, ntshav yog muab los ntawm cov hlab ntsha nyob rau hauv qhov nkhaus ntawm lub luj tshib.
Tom qab tau cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas, nws yuav raug cais tawmntshav qab zib. Nws yog nws tus uas tsim nyog rau kev tsom xam.
Hom kev kawm thiab lawv cov lus piav qhia
Tam sim no, nws tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv biomaterial ntau txoj hauv kev:
- Siv indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. Yog hais tias cov tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, lawv yuav pib khi rau tej yam nuclear antigens. Hauv cov chaw soj nstuam, cov khoom siv tau siv uas muaj peev xwm ci ntsa iab hauv ib qho spectrum. Tom qab ntawd cov khoom siv biomaterial tau ua tib zoo kawm nyob rau hauv lub tshuab tsom. Tus kab mob tuaj yeem xav tias yog hom ci. Txoj kev no tau lees paub tias yog cov ntaub ntawv tshaj plaws hauv kev cuam tshuam txog kev txiav txim siab tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob antinuclear. Ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm cov txheej txheem yog kev tshawb fawb siv HEp hlwb. Kev soj ntsuam ntawm ANF nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no muaj xws li cov qauv ntawm biomaterial los ntawm lub larynx. Cov txheej txheem tsis cuam tshuam nrog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov mob thiab lwm yam tsis xis nyob. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias qhov kev kuaj ntshav ANF HEp-2 tam sim no yog qhov kev kuaj pom tseeb tshaj plaws. Epithelial hlwb los ntawm lub larynx yog incubated nrog cov ntshav, tom qab uas lawv kuj tau ua ke nrog cov tshuaj fluorescent.
- Nrog kev pab ntawm enzyme immunoassay. Nws cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias thaum kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab antigens tshwm sim, cov xim ntawm cov tshuaj hloov. Lub xub ntiag ntawm qhov no lossis qhov ntxoov ntxoo ua rau nws muaj peev xwm xav tias muaj qee yam pathology.
Tus kws kho mob tuaj koom yuav tsum cuam tshuam nrog kev txhais lus ntawm ANF tsom xam. Yog tias muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo, cov kev sim ntxiv tau raug sau tseg. Qhov kev kuaj mob zaum kawg tsis yog nyob ntawm qhov xaus ntawm ib qhotsom xam.
Ntau tus nqi
Qhov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj yog ib qho uas tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nuclear. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias lawv tuaj yeem pom hauv cov neeg noj qab haus huv zoo kawg nkaus. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, rov ntsuam xyuas yog qhia.
Ib txwm tsom xam ANF - titer tsis tshaj 1: 160. Tib lub sijhawm, qhov ntsuas no tseem ceeb rau cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus.
Thaum sau qhov kev kuaj ntshav ANF, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xav txog cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:
- Titters qis tsis yog qhov lees paub tias tsis muaj kab mob autoimmune. Raws li kev txheeb cais, 5% ntawm cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob lupus erythematosus muaj cov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo.
- Yog tias ib tus neeg muaj tag nrho cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob autoimmune, thiab kev tshuaj xyuas tib lub sijhawm qhia qhov txawv, tus kws kho mob tsis suav nrog qhov muaj tus kabmob. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, ib qho enzyme immunoassay tau ua ntxiv.
ANF kev tshuaj xyuas tau ua los ntawm HEp-2 hlwb suav tias yog qhov qub yog tias qhov titer tsis siab dua 1:160. Ib qho txiaj ntsig ntawm ntau dua 1: 640 qhia tias muaj kev mob hnyav ntawm rheumatic pathologies. Thaum lub sij hawm tshem tawm tus kab mob, titer txo mus rau 1: 320. Hauv qhov no, tsuas yog ib tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb, raws li pom los ntawm tus nqi qis, raws li keeb kwm thiab tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus neeg mob.
ANF upgraded
Antinuclear antibodies khi rau antigens los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov tom kawg, nyob rau hauv lem, yog ib tug tshwm sim rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm inflammatory txheej txheem nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsacov nkoj. Yog li ntawd, thawj cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub cev tshwm sim hauv ib tus neeg. Qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam qhia tau hais tias muaj titers siab.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tus kab mob tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau los ntawm kev txiav txim siab hom ci. Kev txhais cov ntsiab lus:
- Hmoob. Xws li lub ci tuaj yeem qhia tau tias muaj kab mob lupus erythematosus, kab mob siab ntev thiab scleroderma.
- Pib. Ib txwm tham txog kab mob lupus erythematosus.
- Granular. Cov kab mob muaj peev xwm: Sjögren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid mob caj dab, sib xyaw cov ntaub so ntswg pathology.
- Nuclear. Hom ci no yog yam ntxwv ntawm kev mob lupus erythematosus, polymyositis, Sjögren's syndrome thiab scleroderma.
- Centromeric. Muaj peev xwm ua tau pathologies: daim tawv nqaij calcification, esophageal dysfunction, Raynaud's syndrome, telangiectasia, sclerodactyly.
- YCytoplasmic. Qhov ci ci no qhia txog kab mob autoimmune daim siab lossis polymyositis.
ANF downgraded
Txo theem ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob nkaus xwb hauv kev kwv yees thiab saib xyuas cov kab mob uas twb muaj lawm thiab yav dhau los txheeb xyuas cov kab mob.
Qhov taw qhia ANF ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological. Hauv qhov no, nws qhov kev txo qis yog qhov pom zoo, qhia tias kev kho mob tau ua tiav, thiab tus kab mob tau mus rau hauv kev zam txim.
Kev kho mob
Txhua kab mob ntawm qhov xwm txheej autoimmune yuav tsum muaj kev kho mob tshwj xeeb. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kuaj ntshav rau ANF yog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov kua dej sib txuas thiab ntsuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm lawv cov kev cuam tshuam nrog cov antigens tshwj xeeb. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj mob, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem ua qhov kev kuaj mob ua ntej. Kev tshawb fawb ntxiv yog xav tau kom paub meej tias nws. Thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd tus kws kho mob kos ib txoj kev kho mob. Kev xaiv cov tshuaj ncaj qha nyob ntawm seb hom kab mob twg kuaj pom hauv tus neeg.
Tus nqi
Koj tuaj yeem xeem ANF ntawm lub chaw kuaj mob ywj pheej, chaw kho mob ntiag tug lossis chaw kho mob pej xeem. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias tsis yog txhua lub tsev kho mob nyiaj txiag muab kev pabcuam zoo li no. Hais txog nws qhov muaj, koj yuav tsum tau kuaj nrog lub npe.
Kev tshawb fawb tau them txawm tias nyob hauv lub xeev cov tsev kho mob. Tus nqi ntawm kev tsom xam ncaj qha nyob ntawm tus nqi txoj cai ntawm lub tsev kho mob, uas muaj ntau yam. Tus nqi qis tshaj yog 1000 rubles, qhov siab tshaj plaws tsis pub tshaj 1700 rubles. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau them nyiaj ntxiv rau kev kuaj ntshav. Tus nqi ntawm cov kev pabcuam no, raws li txoj cai, tsis pub tshaj 200 rubles.
In xaus
ANF sawv cev rau cov khoom tiv thaiv nuclear. Feem ntau, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm tus neeg noj qab haus huv, los yog nws cov concentration yuav tsum tsawg tshaj li 1:160. Kev tshuaj xyuas rau ANF tau raug sau tseg txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob autoimmune hauv tus neeg mob thaum ntxov ntawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob.
Lub ntsiab ntawm txoj kev: thaum provoking agents nkag mus rau hauv lub cevcov txheej txheem tiv thaiv pib tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Lawv txoj haujlwm yog los tua cov antigens thiab rhuav tshem lawv. Txhawm rau kuaj pom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no hauv tus neeg mob, cov ntshav venous raug coj mus, ua raws li kev sib cais ntawm cov ntshav. Cov antigens tshwj xeeb tau ntxiv rau tom kawg thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxiv raug soj ntsuam.
