Nrhiav cov normoblasts hauv kev kuaj ntshav dav dav yog qhov qhia tias muaj cov txheej txheem pathological nyob hauv lub cev. Tab sis, hmoov tsis, cov neeg feem coob tseem tsis tau paub txog dab tsi normoblasts yog dab tsi thiab qhov dhau ntawm lawv cov qauv yog fraught nrog.
Normoblasts yog dab tsi?
Normoblasts yog cov qe ntshav uas tshwm sim ntawm thawj theem ntawm kev tsim erythrocyte. Lawv qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov laus erythrocytes yog qhov muaj cov nucleus. Tab sis thaum lub sij hawm kev loj hlob ntawm normoblasts, qhov nce ntawm cov hemoglobin tau pom, uas ua rau poob ntawm cov nucleus. Tom qab kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntsiab lus nthuav tawm tiav, lawv tau hloov mus rau hauv cov erythrocytes zoo tib yam.
theem ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm normoblasts rau hauv erythrocytes
Nws yuav siv sijhawm me ntsis rau cov qe ntshav uas tau piav qhia los ua cov qe ntshav liab. Thaum pib, kev loj hlob ntawm basophilic erythroblast yog pom, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ib feem ntawm uas muaj ib tug nucleus. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm ib puag ncig thiab qhov loj ntawm 18 microns.
cov hlwb nomuaj xim xiav nplua nuj. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, polychromatophilic erythroblasts yog tsim los ntawm lawv, uas yog me me dua li cov basophilic sawv daws yuav. Cov hlwb no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov muaj lub log ntawm chromatin, thiab lub cytoplasm tau txais cov xim liab-xiav.
Yav tom ntej, tam sim no erythroblast tau hloov mus rau hauv daim ntawv oxyphilic. Cov hlwb zoo li no tshwm sim los ntawm qhov muaj cov fuzzy ntshav liab nucleus. Lub xovtooj tseem me dua thiab zoo li cov qe ntshav liab.
Lub sijhawm dhau mus, lub cell nucleus dhau los ua pycnotic, thiab cytoplasm dhau los ua lub teeb xiav. Qhov no qhia txog kev hloov ntawm erythroblast mus rau polychromatophilic daim ntawv. Tom qab ntawd lub cell hloov mus rau hauv reticulocytes. Thiab tsuas yog nyob rau theem no, erythrocytes tsis muaj nucleus yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov ntshav.
Ua rau normoblasts
Normoblasts tau tsim thiab hloov pauv hauv tib neeg cov pob txha pob txha. Yog li ntawd, tus naj npawb ntawm 0.01 normoblasts hauv kev kuaj ntshav dav dav suav hais tias yog qhov sib txawv ntawm tus nqi ib txwm muaj. Cov hlwb no yuav tsum tsis txhob nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm peripheral hom. Lawv qhov kev kuaj pom ntawm hemogram yog ib qho cim qhia tias muaj peev xwm tsim cov kab mob loj cuam tshuam nrog hematopoiesis lossis lub hlwb qauv.
Qhov ua rau normoblasts hauv kev kuaj ntshav dav dav suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
- Hemolytic yam anemia.
- Ntau hom leukemia lossis erythroleukemia.
- Brain cancer.
- malignant qog.
- teeb meem ncig.
- Nyobntshav poob.
- Kev tsim cov metastases hauv cov pob txha pob txha.
Kev nce ntawm cov normoblasts hauv cov ntshav yog suav tias yog qhov txaus ntshai tshwj xeeb tom qab phais. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov hlwb no qhia tias tus neeg mob mob hnyav.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, muaj lossis tsis muaj cov qe ntshav, thiab tsis yog lawv tus lej, ua raws li kev kuaj mob. Txawm tias qhov sib txawv me ntsis ntawm xoom yog ib qho kev qhia ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological. Tab sis tsis txhob chim siab ua ntej, vim tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm normoblasts tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev mob ntev ntev lossis hypoxia.
Normoblasts hauv tus menyuam lub cev
Hematopoiesis hauv tus menyuam lub cev yog qhov sib txawv ntawm tus neeg laus, yog li ntawd, normoblasts hauv kev kuaj ntshav dav dav suav hais tias yog txheej txheem ib txwm muaj, uas tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias thaum yug los, cov pob txha pob txha, uas. yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim cov qe ntshav, muab tso rau hauv tag nrho cov pob txha li tiaj tus, thiab tubular hom. Ib qho kev thauj khoom loj, nrog rau kev nce ntxiv ntawm erythropoietin los ntawm ob lub raum thiab lub siab ntawm tus menyuam, ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv lub cev. Thiab lawv, nyob rau hauv lem, entail tso tawm me me ntawm normoblasts rau hauv cov ntshav.
Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm normoblasts hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam pom muaj nyob hauv cov menyuam mos hnub nyoog 2 txog 3 lub hlis. Qee lub sij hawm me me ntawm cov normoblasts yuav raug kuaj pom thaum ntxov.
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias normoblasts hauv kev kuaj ntshav dav dav hauv tus menyuam kuj tuaj yeem qhia txog pathology, tshwj xeeb, kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob xws limob lymphoid leukemia. Tus kab mob no yuav tsum tau kho tam sim ntawd, vim tias nyob rau theem siab nws tseem tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus.
Thawj kauj ruam txhawm rau kuaj pom ntau tus kabmob normoblasts hauv tus menyuam cov ntshav
Nws tau sau tseg tias normoblasts feem ntau kuaj pom los ntawm kev ua yuam kev ntawm chav kuaj. Tias yog vim li cas, yog tias kuaj pom cov qe ntshav no, thawj qhov uas yuav tsum tau ua yog rov ua qhov kev soj ntsuam hauv 10-14 hnub. Yog tias qhov tshwm sim zoo sib xws, yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas thiab kho ntxiv.
Tus nqi ntawm normoblasts
Yog tsis muaj pathologies hauv tib neeg lub cev, ces normoblasts yeej ib txwm nyob rau hauv cov pob txha liab, xyaum tsis nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Tias yog vim li cas tus qauv ntawm normoblasts hauv kev kuaj ntshav dav dav sib raug rau xoom. Tsuas yog qhov kev zam tsuas yog cov menyuam yaus me, uas ib qho me me ntawm cov hlwb no tsis suav tias yog pathology.
Yog li ntawd, yog normoblasts yog 2:100 hauv kev kuaj ntshav dav dav, ces qhov no yog qhov pom tseeb ntawm pathology.
Txuag tus lej ntawm normoblasts
Vim cov qauv ntawm normoblasts hauv cov ntshav yog 0, tsis tuaj yeem txo tus lej ntawm lawv.
Txo tuaj yeem tsuas yog cov qe ntshav liab uas tsim los ntawm normoblasts. Erythrocytes tuaj yeem diluted nrog cov kua dej ntau, thiab lawv cov normoblasts tuaj yeem tsim tau me me.
Qhov teeb meem kawg yog pom nyob rau hauv muaj ntau yam kab mob ntawm cov pob txha pob txha, xws licuam tshuam ntawm hluav taws xob raug. Tab sis qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau tus mob no yog qhov tsis muaj hlau, uas yuav tsum tau tsim hemoglobin.
Symptoms of leukemia
Kev kuaj mob ntxov ntxov ntawm leukemia ua rau muaj feem yuav kho tau, yog li nws raug nquahu kom mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim tom qab pib cov tsos mob hauv qab no:
- daim tawv nqaij blanching;
- xav qaug zog;
- kiv taub hau;
- teeb meem ntshav txhaws;
- ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob;
- kev qaug zog ntau dhau.
Yog tias, tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los no, pom muaj qhov tshwm sim 1: 100 normoblast nyob rau hauv kev kuaj ntshav dav dav, qhov no yuav qhia tau tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm leukemia (cov ntshav ntshav siab kuj tseem qhia tau tias muaj cov kab mob tshwm sim).
Kev kuaj mob leukemia
Yog tias muaj cov tsos mob tshwm sim hauv cov kab mob leukemia, tus kws kho mob ua ntej xa tus neeg mob mus kuaj ntshav thiab kuaj ntshav txhawm rau kuaj cov hlwb tawg. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev tshuaj xyuas, qhov ntsuas tseeb ntawm txhua yam ntshav atypical yuav tau txais, uas yuav qhia txog qhov kis ntawm tus kab mob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm leukemia, qhov txo qis ntawm cov platelets pom nyob rau hauv kev kuaj ntshav. Ua ke nrog qhov no, muaj qhov nce hauv ESR thiab cov normoblasts hauv cov ntshav.
Ntxiv rau, cov kev kuaj mob hauv qab no tuaj yeem raug sau:
- kuaj ntshav biochemical;
- Y kawm txog immunoenzymes;
- myelogram (pob txha pob txha biopsy).
Tsuastau kawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tau txais los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb tau nthuav tawm, tus kws kho mob muaj peev xwm kuaj tau.
Myelogram teem caij
Txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov ua rau muaj qhov nce ntawm cov normoblasts hauv cov ntshav, feem ntau yog tshuaj myelogram. Kev tsom xam yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb txog lub xeev ntawm ib qho smear coj los ntawm cov pob txha pob txha los ntawm kev ua biopsy. Cov txheej txheem yog ua raws li tshuaj loog hauv zos. Lub puncture yog ua nyob rau hauv lub sternum los yog ilium.
Cov txheej txheem tsis xav tau kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb lossis kev txwv. Yog tias ib tug neeg noj cov tshuaj, tom qab ntawd ua ntej tus txheej txheem, nws yuav tsum qhia rau tus kws kho mob txog qhov no yam tsis tau ua tsis tiav, thiab yog tias ua tau, tso tseg cov tshuaj ib ntus. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kawm tuaj yeem tau txais tom qab ob peb teev.
Kev kho mob
Kev kho rau qhov siab normoblasts hauv cov ntshav tsis ua tiav. Lawv ploj ntawm lawv tus kheej tom qab kev kho mob zoo ntawm cov kab mob hauv qab.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los txheeb xyuas qhov ua rau provoked qhov nce hauv normoblasts hauv cov ntshav. Tom qab kuaj pom cov kab mob pathology, kev kho yog ua tiav, vim tias cov txheej txheem raug nres tag nrho, lossis lub xeev ntawm kev tso siab ruaj khov ntawm tus neeg mob nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv mob ntev ntawm tus kab mob yog tsim.
Leukemia suav tias yog kab mob txaus ntshai tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem qhia tau los ntawm kev nce qib normoblasts.
Txoj KevKev kho mob leukemia
Yog tias nws tau lees paub tias qhov siab normoblasts qhia tias muaj cov kab mob leukemia, tom qab ntawd kev kho mob ntawm pathology suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
- Tshuaj kho mob. Muab tso rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev pom zoo ntawm malignant xwm ntawm pathology. Thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem no, tag nrho cov hlwb raug puas tsuaj.
- Kev kho hluav taws xob. Muab kev pab ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov qog loj hlob hauv thaj chaw cuam tshuam.
- YBiotherapy. Nws yog siv nyob rau theem kawg ntawm kev kho mob ntawm tus kab mob los yog nrog nws cov kev kawm me me. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv kev siv cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb uas ua raws li cov analogues ntawm cov tshuaj uas tsim los ntawm lub cev noj qab haus huv.
- Kev kho mob. Nws yog raws li kev siv lub cev monoclonal rau kev kho mob. Nws yog lwm txoj hauv kev kho tshuaj hauv thawj theem ntawm kev kho tus kab mob.
Yog tus kab mob nyob rau hauv lub xeev siab, ces tib txoj kev kho nws yog los ntawm kev hloov cov qia cell. Nov yog cov txheej txheem siv sijhawm ntau uas yuav tsum muaj kev tshaj lij thiab nyiaj txiag ntau.
YErythromyelosis therapy
Tau pom tias cov normoblasts nyob hauv cov ntshav txhais li cas, nws txhais tau li cas rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qib siab ntawm cov qe ntshav no tuaj yeem qhia ncaj qha tias muaj cov kab mob loj xws li erythromyelosis.
Tus kab mob no yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov tsos mob hauv qab no:
- qaug zog;
- bruising;
- mob pob txha;
- poob phaus;
- ua pa nyuaj;
- tsim kab mob fungal.
Thaum tsis muaj kev kho mob zoo, pathology tuaj yeem dhau los ua qhov ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm hom necrosis ntawm tus po, o ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav, los ntshav los ntawm qhov ntswg thiab cov pos hniav, nrog rau hemorrhages hauv lub retina.
Cov teeb meem zoo li no tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov hlwb uas muaj cov nucleus nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha mus rau hauv cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev, plab zom mov thiab kev ua me nyuam, nkag mus rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov leeg.
Qee zaum, cov kab mob uas ua rau muaj kev nce qib ntawm normoblasts, tom qab li ntawm rau lub hlis lossis sai dua, ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim tuag.
Kev kho tus kab mob txaus ntshai no muaj nyob rau hauv kev siv ntau zaug ntawm kev kho tshuaj lom neeg lossis hluav taws xob. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus neeg mob tuaj yeem hloov pauv nrog cov qia hlwb.
Tsis tshua muaj, tib neeg tuaj yeem muaj daim ntawv mob ntev ntawm erythromyelosis. Nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los kuaj xyuas cov kab mob no, vim tias, txawm tias muaj cov qog, erythrocytes uas muaj cov nuclei tsis nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav.
Nws tuaj yeem lees paub qhov kev kuaj mob uas tau nthuav tawm nrog kev tshawb fawb ntxaws txog lub xeev ntawm cov kabmob hauv nruab nrog cev, txij li lub siab thiab tus po tau nthuav dav, cov qog nqaij hlav o tuaj.
daim ntawv kab mob no txawv ntawm kev kawm ntev (rau 2-3 xyoos). Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov neeg mob ntawm cov kab mob pathology, cov kws kho mob ua ntau yam kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qe ntshav liab. Lwm txoj hauv kev ntawm kev kho yog kev qhia txog cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb, tab sisCov txiaj ntsig ntau dua yog ua tiav los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qia.
Tiv thaiv kom nce tus lej ntawm cov normoblasts hauv cov ntshav
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj tus lej ntawm cov normoblasts, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tsim cov ntshav ntshav thiab mob ntshav qab zib. Txhawm rau zam qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob no, nws raug nquahu kom tsis txhob muaj hluav taws xob, nqus cov tshuaj tua kab, tswj tsis tau cov tshuaj.
Cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob tau hais tias yog kuaj pom muaj tus lej ntawm cov normoblasts hauv cov ntshav, nws yuav tsum tau hu rau lub tsev kho mob. Tsuas yog qhov kev txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb thiab qhov pib ntawm kev kho raws sijhawm yuav ua kom muaj kev rov zoo tag nrho thiab kev kho kom rov zoo sai ntawm txhua lub cev ua haujlwm.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm cov normoblasts me me hauv kev kuaj ntshav yog ib qho kev qhia ntawm pathology uas yuav tsum tau kho tam sim.
