Tus neeg puas tuaj yeem cawm tau yog tias ntshav txhaws? Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov lus nug uas feem ntau hais txog thromboembolism - qhov xwm txheej txaus ntshai tshaj plaws, fraught nrog cov teeb meem loj. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov ntshav txhaws hauv 80% ntawm cov neeg mob yog qhov ua rau tuag taus. Tsuas yog ib feem tsib ntawm cov neeg mob uas muaj ntshav txhaws tuaj yeem khiav tawm. Hauv tsab xov xwm peb yuav sim seb vim li cas qhov no tshwm sim thiab yuav ua li cas tiv thaiv tus kab mob tuag taus.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm platelets hauv coagulation system
Feem ntau, cov neeg mob uas muaj hmoo txaus kom muaj sia nyob ib ntus ntawm thromboembolism yuav tsum tau ntsib nws qhov tsis zoo. Cov teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlab plawv thiab cov hlab ntsha hauv nruab nrab. Yuav kom nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob, thawj zaug koj yuav tsum tau txais lub tswv yim ntawm cov ntshav txhaws yog dab tsi thiab vim li cas nws thiaj li tawm.
Nyob rau hauv tus neeg noj qab haus huv, rheological zog ntawm cov ntshav yog tswj los ntawm ntau yam. Ib qho ntawm lawv yog lub kaw lus kaw ntom nti uas yuav tsum tau ua kom tsis txhob los ntshav. Nws suav nrog ntau yam tsim, suav nrog platelets, proteins thiab lwm yam bioactiveCov tshuaj uas tsim los ntawm daim siab hlwb - hepatocytes. Lawv tsim cov prothrombin, ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov enzymes synthesized.
Nquag, cov txheej txheem coagulation pib ntawm qhov me me, txawm tias muaj kev puas tsuaj me me rau cov hlab ntsha, thiab hais txog kev tsim cov cork, ib hom thaj rau nws cov phab ntsa tawg. Hauv qhov no, thrombus tsis tsim tam sim ntawd. Nws yuav siv ob peb kauj ruam los tsim nws:
- adhesion - adhesion ntawm platelet rau phab ntsa hlab ntsha hauv thaj tsam ntawm nws qhov kev puas tsuaj;
- kev sib sau - tsim cov hlab ntsha (plug) los ntawm cov platelets tau sau ntau npaum li cas;
- kev sib cais ntawm cov ntshav txhaws - tshwm sim tom qab kev txhim kho ntawm cov hlab ntsha.
YYuav ua li cas nrog thrombosis thiab thromboembolism
Thaum lub sijhawm adhesion, ib feem ntawm cov hlwb raug rhuav tshem thiab cov tshuaj enzyme raug tso tawm, nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm cov ntshav coagulation system pib - nyias fibrin filaments lo rau tsub zuj zuj ntawm platelets. Thaum cov platelets tau ua tiav lawv txoj haujlwm, cov hlab ntsha yog neutralized. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm pathological yam, qhov no tsis tshwm sim. Ntxiv mus, cov hlab ntsha pib loj tuaj, raws li cov proteins, leukocytes thiab erythrocytes nyob ntawm nws.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no peb tab tom tham txog kab mob ntawm cov kab mob coagulation, hu ua thrombophilia. Yog hais tias qhov kev ua txhaum ntawm hemostasis yog nrog los ntawm kev tsim ntawm cov hlab ntsha nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub circulatory system, tus neeg mob tau kuaj pom muaj thrombosis. Lwm lub npe yog qhov teeb meem uas lub lumen ntawm lub nkoj yog ib feemclogged, thiab tom qab ntawd cov hlab ntsha tawg. Nws yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog thromboembolism.
Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm thrombophilia
Ntau yam kev ua haujlwm thiab caj ces txawv txav tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov ntshav txhaws. Tshwj xeeb, nws hais txog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob uas tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm intrauterine qe (thawj ob lub lis piam ntawm cev xeeb tub). Lawv txoj kev ua txhaum cai ua rau tsis ua tiav hauv kev sib txuas ntawm cov ntshav coagulation.
Nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob feem ntau, qhov teeb meem yog keeb kwm. Feem ntau, tus kab mob no tau kuaj pom hauv cov neeg mob laus dua 45 xyoo. Cov txiv neej feem ntau predisposed rau pathology. Cov poj niam, ntawm qhov tod tes, raug kev txom nyem los ntawm thrombophilia feem ntau tom qab lub cev tsis muaj zog.
Cov kws kho mob coj txhua qhov chaw kho mob ntawm thrombosis tiag, yog li kev txheeb xyuas qhov ua rau thiab cov tsos mob, thiab kev kho mob yog qhov tseem ceeb. Puas thrombus? Qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob yog qhov kev zam tsis tau, tab sis lawv qhov hnyav feem ntau nyob ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm kev kho mob tau muab.
Dab tsi ua rau ntshav txhaws
Qhov muaj qhov txawv txav ntawm caj ces lossis caj ces tsis tuaj yeem lav qhov kev loj hlob ntawm tus kabmob 100%. Kev loj hlob ntawm thrombophilia thiab thrombosis yuav tsum raug rau ib qho ntawm ntau yam ua tau uas cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lub coagulation system. Cov no suav nrog:
- xeeb tub;
- tsis muaj lub cev muaj zog tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev tsis tuaj yeem (tom qab raug mob, tuag tes tuag taw ntawm lub cev);
- kab mob siab;
- mob ntshav qab zib mellitus;
- hlab ntshav siab;
- ntshav ntws qeeb vim arrhythmia lossis lwm yam teeb meem plawv;
- varicose leeg, aneurysms, thrombophlebitis;
- kab mob atherosclerotic vascular;
- kev quav cawv, haus luam yeeb;
- siv sijhawm ntev ntawm cov tshuaj uas ua rau kom ntshav txhaws (coagulants, tshuaj hormonal, tshuaj tiv thaiv qhov ncauj);
- qhib kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv, cov hlab ntsha.
I ntshav txhaws - yog dab tsi?
Cov ntshav txhaws txuas rau ntawm phab ntsa venous lossis arterial tag nrho lossis ib nrab thaiv lub lumen ntawm lub nkoj. Nrog rau kev nce ntshav khiav ceev thiab nce hauv cov ntsuas ntshav siab, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov ntshav txhaws detachment nce ntau zaus. Kev tawm dag zog lub cev ntau dhau, overstrain, excitement tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo. Hmoov tsis zoo, nws tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees seb cov ntshav txhaws tuaj yeem tawm hauv ib kis twg.
Qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws yog qhov txhaws tag nrho ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Lub thrombus dhau los ua qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov ntshav ncig, uas ua rau tib neeg tuag. Yog tias cov ntshav txhaws hauv tus neeg mob tau tawm ntawm txhais ceg, qhov no tsis txhais tau tias nws yuav kaw lub lumen ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm sab ceg. Cov hlab ntsha tuaj yeem ua rau ntab, uas yog, pib taug kev ywj pheej los ntawm cov hlab ntshav thiab txhua lub sijhawm cuam tshuam ib qho ntawm cov hlab ntsha.
Ntau yam ntshav txhaws
ntshav txhaws tuaj yeem muaj ntau hom, nyob ntawm lawv qhov chaw. Los ntawm txoj kev, nws yog ib qho tseem ceebtsis txhob cuam tshuam kev tsim ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas tsis tuaj yeem tawm thiab tsis cuam tshuam cov ntshav ncig hauv txhua txoj kev. Cov ntshav txhaws uas thaiv lub lumen tuaj yeem yog:
- Occlusive - xws li cov tsim ua tiav thaiv txoj hauv kev ntawm cov ntshav ntws dawb.
- Floating - cov bunches no nyias nyias ntawm lub hauv paus, yog li lawv tawm tau yooj yim. Txoj hlab ntshav txhaws muaj feem ntau dua li lwm tus ua rau muaj cov hlab ntsha txhaws hauv lub ntsws.
- Emboli - cov ntshav txhaws uas ntws mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha.
Txhais tau
Yog tias ntshav txhaws tawm (qhov laj thawj ntawm qhov no tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb), koj yuav tsum ua yam tsis ua kom qeeb. Tus neeg mob raug hem nrog kev ua txhaum cai txaus ntshai xws li:
- Stroke. Tus kab mob no tshwm sim yog tias cov hlab ntsha loj dhau rau cov hlab ntsha nqaim uas pub rau lub hlwb.
- Heart attack. Qhov tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev txiav tawm ntawm cov ntshav ncig hauv cov hlab ntsha coronary. Kev tuag ntawm cov leeg hlwb tshwm sim vim kev tshaib plab oxygen.
- thrombosis ntawm cov leeg ntawm ob txhais ceg. Nws feem ntau yog ib qho teeb meem uas tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm varicose leeg.
- Pulmonary embolism. Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug floating hlab ntsha. Thaum cov hlab ntsha pulmonary raug thaiv, tus neeg mob txoj kev tuag tshwm sim tam sim ntawd.
Txawm hais tias yog vim li cas cov ntshav txhaws tawm hauv tus neeg, nws tseem ceeb tsis txhob nkim ib feeb yog tias nws twb tshwm sim lawm. Hais txog cov cai ntawm kev pab thawj zaug thiab yuav ua li cas paub txog qhov txaus ntshai, ntxiv.
Yuav ua li cas to taub dab tsintshav txhaws
Cov tsos mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha tawg txawv rau txhua tus neeg mob thiab nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov txhaws. Yog hais tias thrombus tau kaw lub lumen ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub paj hlwb, tus neeg mob yuav ntsib tag nrho cov tsos mob ntawm ib tug ischemic stroke, uas yog xam tau tias yog ib tug indirect kev pom zoo ntawm thromboembolism. Cov tsos mob sab nraud ntawm tus kab mob suav nrog kev hais lus tsis zoo, nqos tau, tsis muaj zog ntawm ib sab ntawm lub cev. Nrog ib feem ntawm cov hlab ntsha, cov cim qhia ntawm cov ntshav txhaws tuaj yeem ua rau mob taub hau, tsis xis nyob hauv caj dab, tsis pom kev pom.
Yog tias cov ntshav txhaws tau nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab cuam tshuam cov ntshav ntws, tus neeg mob yuav hnov mob thiab mob heev hauv lub sternum. Qee lub sij hawm qhov mob kis mus rau lub puab tsaig, cov kab mob sab hauv ntawm lub plab kab noj hniav, caj dab, sab caj npab thiab qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub xub pwg hniav. Cov neeg mob uas cov ntshav txhaws tau tawm (cov tsos mob yuav luag zoo ib yam li cov mob ua ntej ua ntej) yuav tsum hu rau pab neeg kho mob ceev ceev.
Qhov kev cia siab tshaj plaws yog qhov txhaws ntawm cov leeg ntawm sab qis. Thrombosis tej zaum yuav qhia tau los ntawm bluing, txo qhov kub thiab txias nyob rau hauv cov leeg nqaij raug mob, o thiab mob hnyav. Kev kho mob yog ua los ntawm kev phais. Tab sis nrog rau pulmonary embolism, qee zaum, txawm tias kev ntsuas kub ntxhov ceev tsis pab. Yog tias cov ntshav txhaws tawm hauv ib tus neeg, cov tsos mob muaj raws li hauv qab no:
- daim tawv nqaij xiav;
- pronounced oxygen starvation;
- ua tsis taus pa hnyav;
- nres ua pa thiab lub plawv dhia.
Rulesthawj pab
Yog tus neeg mob muaj cov tsos mob ntawm cov ntshav txhaws, koj yuav tsum ua cov hauv qab no:
- pab tus neeg raug tsim txom los ua txoj haujlwm zoo kab rov tav;
- hu rau pab neeg tshwj xeeb;
- muab dej khov rau qhov chaw puas tsuaj.
Tsis muaj teeb meem yuav tsum qhov chaw sib cais ntawm platelet clot yuav tsum sov. Ua ntej cov kws kho mob tuaj txog, tus neeg mob tuaj yeem muab tshuaj tua kab mob lossis tshuaj antispasmodics. Los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas paub tseeb tias qhov kev kuaj mob ntawm "thrombosis", xws li cov nyiaj yuav tsum yeej ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv lub tsev pab thawj cov khoom.
Nws tsis tuaj yeem pab tus neeg uas twb muaj ntshav txhaws thiab txhaws ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv tsev. Tib yam uas koj tuaj yeem ua tau, paub txog qhov ua rau thrombophilia, yog ua raws li cov cai ntawm kev tiv thaiv thiab noj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob raws li koj tus kws kho mob tau sau tseg.
Kev kho mob
Thaum kuaj pom tias muaj thrombosis, tus neeg mob tau muab cov tshuaj tsim nyog. Cov neeg mob uas tau phais lub plawv thiab cov hlab ntsha kuj raug yuam kom noj tshuaj tsis tu ncua. Cov txhais tau zoo tshaj plaws suav nrog:
- Xarelto.
- Rivaroxaban.
- Eliquis.
- Apixaban.
- Pradaxa.
- Dabigatran.
txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho cov phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab cov hlab ntsha, cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb tau sau tshuaj xws li Ascorutin, Detralex, Venoruton. Hauv cov xwm txheej nyuaj, txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev txhaws ntawm lub nkoj los ntawm cov thrombus ntab, cava tau muab tso rau hauv nws cov lumen.lub lim tsim los txhawm rau txhawm rau ntshav txhaws.
Yuav ua li cas tiv thaiv cov ntshav txhaws
Hais txog kev tiv thaiv ntawm thromboembolism, nws yuav zoo dua pib nrog kev tiv thaiv cov ntshav txhaws. Tsis muaj ib tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem hais meej tias cov ntshav txhaws tuaj yeem tawm hauv tus neeg mob. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm cov teeb meem loj, tus neeg muaj kev pheej hmoo yuav tsum ua raws li ntau yam xwm txheej, ua ntej tshaj plaws:
- Tsis txhob noj zaub mov muaj roj cholesterol.
- Cov zaub mov yuav tsum tsuas yog steamed lossis hauv qhov cub, tsis muaj zaub mov kib txhua.
- suav nrog txiv hmab txiv ntoo citrus, broccoli, cherries ntau zaus hauv kev noj haus, haus dej tshuaj yej ntsuab - cov khoom no yog cais raws li ntuj tsim tshuaj tiv thaiv.
- Yog tias koj muaj qhov ua rau cov ntshav tuab, noj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, qhov nrov tshaj plaws thiab pheej yig ntawm cov tshuaj aspirin. Kev noj tshuaj yuav tsum tau pom zoo nrog tus kws kho mob.
- Ua lub neej nquag, ua si kis las, tab sis zam kev tawm dag zog lub cev ntau dhau. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog los txo cov ntshav, ntxiv dag zog rau myocardium, thiab ua kom cov ntshav ncig.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov ntshav txhaws hauv lub plawv thiab lub ntsws tuaj yeem ua rau lub siab tsis zoo, yog li koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob tsis tu ncua thiab tsis kho tus kheej.
