Platelets yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm tib neeg cov ntshav. Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom ua kom lawv cov qib ib txwm muaj, txwv tsis pub txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob tuag tau nce ntxiv. Tias yog vim li cas nws tseem ceeb heev kom paub txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm platelets.
Basic concepts
Platelets yog cov ntshav ncig uas koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm hemostasis. Cells yog microscopic nyob rau hauv cov qauv thiab tsis muaj ib tug nucleus. Lawv txoj kab uas hla tsuas yog hais txog 3 microns. Lawv tsim los ntawm megakaryocytes hauv cov pob txha. Hauv cov hlab ntsha, cov ntsiab lus no nyob ntawm 5 mus rau 11 hnub. Tom qab ntawd lawv tau tawg rau hauv tus po thiab daim siab. Thaum lub sijhawm ua kom muaj zog, lawv o thiab ua zoo li tus kheej kheej. Txij li thaum lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm platelets hauv cov ntshav yog los tiv thaiv cov hlab ntsha, thaum txiav, lawv tsim tshwj xeeb outgrowths hu ua pseudopodia. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov protrusions, lub cev yog txuas mus rau ib leeg, uas yog, lawv dhau mus rau lub aggregation theem. Cov hlwb ces ua raws li qhov chaw puas ntawm lub nkoj. Qhov peev xwm no hu ua adhesion.
Nws tseem ceeb heev uasplatelets muaj peev xwm tso tawm ntau lub microcomponents muaj txiaj ntsig rau hauv cov ntshav, xws li enzymes, serotonin, adenosine diphosphate, fibrinogen, thiab lwm yam. Qhov no txawv lawv ntawm lwm lub cev liab.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm platelets
Raws li koj paub, cov qe ntshav no nquag koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem coagulation, uas yog, hauv hemostasis. Qhov no yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm platelets. Rau tib neeg lub cev, cov txheej txheem no yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Nws pab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj ntshav ntau thaum raug mob hnyav. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg cov platelets, cov phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha tuaj yeem muaj zog. Taurus nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm luv luv clog qhov chaw ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Qhov tseem ceeb, cov qe ntshav no ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub vascular ntsaws.
Coagulation tshwm sim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm enzymes, proteins thiab txog 40 lwm yam. Qhov no yog ib tug complex lom mechanism uas platelets, prothrombin thiab fibrinogen ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntsiab lus no tshwm sim hauv cov ntshav plasma.
Pab ua haujlwm ntawm platelets
Ntxiv rau cov khoom tiv thaiv, cov phiaj liab liab no muaj peev xwm siv tau. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv kev noj haus ntawm endothelium ntawm tib neeg circulatory system. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm platelets, cov hlab ntsha tau txais cov kab mob tseem ceeb uas ua rau muaj qhov normalization ntawm cov hlab ntshav liab thiab tag nrho kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Qib ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev (kev tiv thaiv) feem ntau nyob ntawm cov cuab yeej no. Tsis tas li, cov ntshav tseem koom nrog hauv kev tsim dua tshiab,uas yog, hauv kev kho cov ntaub so ntswg tom qab raug mob. Cov nyhuv no yog ua tiav los ntawm cov txheej txheem nrawm ntawm kev faib thiab tso tawm ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Hauv lwm lo lus, platelets ua cov haujlwm ntawm ntsaws tag nrho thaj tsam ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv pab txhawb kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov hlwb cuam tshuam. Cov txheej txheem no yog hais txog kev faib cov polypeptide molecules.
Thaum lub sijhawm ua kom platelet, fibroblasts kuj loj tuaj. Tsis tas li nyob rau lub sijhawm no, microcomponents raug tsim tawm uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hlwb thiab rov kho cov qib insulin.
ntsuas ntsuas ib txwm
Hauv tib neeg, platelets yuav tsum ib txwm nyob hauv cov kev txwv feem ntau lees txais. Hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam dav dav, qhov tseem ceeb tau muab rau 1 liter ntawm cov ntshav. Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev nkag zoo li no: x10 9/ l. Tus qauv hauv ib tus neeg laus yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov platelets hauv thaj tsam ntawm 200 txog 400 units. Hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas hnub nyoog 15 txog 18 xyoo, cov duab no yog 180-420. Hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 15 xyoos, qib ntawm lub cev txawv ntawm 150 txog 450 units. Hauv cov menyuam yug tshiab, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus qhov pib yog 100, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 400. Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias hauv cov poj niam, cov kev txwv platelet yuav qis dua li cov qauv saum toj no. Nws nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv physiological thiab qib ntawm cov tshuaj hormones. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm cev xeeb tub, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus platelet pib poob qis vim ntshav poob. Ib qho xwm txheej zoo sib xws tau pom nyob rau hauv cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, thaum theem ntawm lub cev rov tsim dua tuaj yeem txo qis. Qhov no yog vim qhov nce ntawm cov kua hauv cov ntshav. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam qhia tau hais tias qhov txo qis ntawm txhua tusmicrocomponents.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias cov platelet suav tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb. Nrog rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas, nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau sab laj nrog kws kho mob txhawm rau ua cov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv los txiav txim siab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lawv qhov kev ua. Cov txheej txheem no hu ua coagulogram.
Kev sib txawv thiab lawv cov laj thawj
Yog tias kuaj ntshav pom tias tsis muaj lossis ntau dhau ntawm cov platelets hauv lub cev, yuav tsum tau kuaj mob ntxiv sai sai. Qhov no yog thawj lub cim ceeb toom uas qhia txog kev loj hlob ntawm tus mob hnyav.
Vim tias platelets yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab tseem ceeb rau cov ntshav, ib qho kev sib txawv ntawm cov qauv cuam tshuam rau lub cev. Kev txo qis hauv lub cev ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kho mob ntev txawm tias muaj kev puas tsuaj tsawg. Hauv lwm lo lus, ntshav txhaws yog txo qis. Nrog kev nce qib, kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm platelets tau qhib. Hauv qhov no, kev sib tshuam loj yuav tsim nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha uas cuam tshuam cov ntshav ntws. Yog li ntawd, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim cov ntshav txhaws. Kev sib txawv ntawm cov qauv kev kho mob yuav qhia tau tias pib mob qog noj ntshav. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv thiab tswj cov qib platelet, cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom noj zaub mov kom raug. Kev noj haus yuav tsum ib txwm muaj nplua nuj nyob rau hauv vitamin B12 thiab folic acid.
Txo platelet muaj nuj nqi
Tus mob no tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm txo qis ntawm cov neeg rov tsim dua tshiab hauv cov ntshav. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev poob qis no, cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuamkab mob. Qhov no cuam tshuam feem ntau rau lub siab thiab cov thyroid caj pas.
Yog vim li cas rau qhov txo qis ntawm cov platelets thiab lawv cov kev ua haujlwm yuav yog cov kab mob xws li rubella, leukemia, qhua pias. Qhov phem tshaj ntawm lawv yog mob qog noj ntshav. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov txo qis hauv qib tau pom hauv cov neeg mob tom qab siv tshuaj khomob, nrog rau cov tshuaj aspirin overdose thiab lub cev qhuav dej. Qee cov tshuaj tua kab mob muaj zog tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov qe ntshav. Txo cov platelet suav yuav tsum tau kho. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, tus kws kho mob yuav tsum sau cov tshuaj pharmacological. Thiab twb nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thib ob yog kev noj haus thiab tshuaj ntsuab prophylaxis. Cov txheej txheem pej xeem tsis muaj hwj chim nyob ntawm no, thiab kev kho mob ncua sij hawm tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb thaum lub sij hawm prophylaxis tsis txhob noj cov tshuaj uas txo cov ntshav, xws li analgesics, Aspirin, sulfanilamide pawg.
Ntau dhau ntawm platelets
Kev nce qib ntawm cov hlwb rov tsim dua tshiab qhia tias mob qog noj ntshav. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws cuam tshuam rau lub luag haujlwm pabcuam ntawm platelets. Ib qho overabundance ntawm lub cev kuj ua tau nrog sepsis los yog tom qab kev phais kom tshem tawm tus po. Ib rooj plaub uas cais tawm tuaj yeem ua rau los ntshav hnyav.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev nce sai hauv platelets, emboli tsim nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Qhov teeb meem no xav tau kev daws tam sim. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias kev kho tus kheej yuav tsis ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig. Tsuas yog kev kho tshuaj kho mob yuav pab tau ntawm no. Los ntawmCov tshuaj feem ntau tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv "Pirabutol" thiab "Aspirin". Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob suav nrog lub cev ntau dhau.
Yuav muaj kab mob
Nrog rau qhov txo qis hauv cov ntshav platelet, muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm kev tsim cov kab mob aplastic anemia, Werlhof thiab Gaucher tus kab mob, cytopenic purpura.
Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm cov phaj liab hauv cov ntshav, muaj muaj peev xwm ntawm dengue fever thiab hemolytic syndrome. Tab sis ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, koj yuav tsum tau kuaj mob cancer.
Kev ua txhaum ntawm platelet muaj nuj nqi rau aggregation thiab adhesion entails Bernard-Soulier, von Willebrand, Pudlak, Scott syndromes. Yog tias cov cell liab metabolism ua tsis tau, atherosclerosis., ischemia kab mob plawv, kab mob cerebrovascular thiab arterial, malaria, hawb pob, mob cancer.
