zom cov hniav yog molars thiab premolars. Lawv tuaj yeem suav tias yog millstones rau kev sib tsoo zaub mov. Lawv muaj lawv tus kheej, txawv ntawm lwm cov hniav, qauv: sab saum toj ntawm cov hniav nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug platform yog tsis sib xws, nrog tubercles, nws tsis du. Xwm muab rau qhov xav tau ntawm qhov no precisely rau kev sib tsoo cov zaub mov, uas yuav tsis muaj rooj plaub nrog smoothness. Cov pob ua zoo li cov hniav me. Cov tubercles dav-conical no reminiscent ntawm dunes ntawm ntug hiav txwv. Lawv lub hauv paus converge, thiab nruab nrab ntawm lawv muaj hollows-grooves ntawm ntau yam duab. Lawv muab faib ua funnel-puab, polyp-puab, cone-puab, poob-puab. Lawv qhov tob txawv ntawm 0.2 mus rau 3 hli. Cov chaw so no dhau los ua qhov chaw nyiam tshaj plaws rau kev khaws cov khoom noj khib nyiab thiab kev tsim tawm ntawm microbes. Nws yog cov kab nrib pleb uas yog fissures. Vim lawv qhov nqaim thiab qhov tob, lawv tsis qiv lawv tus kheej zoo rau cov txhuam hniav, uas txhais tau tias lawv ua rau caries. Qhov tseeb yog tias vim kev nkag mus tsis zoo, plaque accumulates ntawm lawv - lub ntsiab ua rau caries. Tsuas yog fissure sealing tuaj yeem nres nws txoj kev loj hlob.
Mechanism of fissures
Lub neej ntawm cov kab nrib pleb no tuaj yeem muab piv rau lub qhov dej me me uas txhua yam uas poob rau hauv qab tau ploj mus. Hauv qhov no, nws yog rotten. Thiab kev lwj ua rau kev nthuav dav thiab sib sib zog nqus ntawm qhov sib txawv, vim tias vim li no, cov organic acids raug tsim. Lawv tsis muaj zog heev, tab sis qhov teeb meem yog tias lawv ua haujlwm ib ncig ntawm lub moos, raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus - ib qho poob rau hauv pob zeb. Cov enamel ntawm cov hniav thaum kawg raug rhuav tshem.
Qhov seem seem ntau ntxiv rau hauv qab, qhov sib txawv nrawm nrawm dua thiab nthuav mus txog thaum lub hollow tsis zoo tshwm rau hauv nws qhov chaw. Qhov no yog tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li ib tug los ntawm lub qhov los ntawm tag nrho cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm enamel, nrog ib tug continuation ntawm lub deepening mus rau hauv lub hauv paus ntaub so ntswg. Tab sis yog tias ib qho dej ntws zoo tib yam tuaj yeem sau thiab ua kom tiav, qhov no yuav tsis ua haujlwm nrog qhov tawg.
Koj tsuas tuaj yeem ua kom qhov sib txawv muaj kev nyab xeeb yog tias nws raug ntxuav thiab kaw ib nrab los khaws cov kev pab tag nrho. Qhov no yuav yog lub sealing ntawm cov hniav fissures. Nws tuaj yeem ua tau rau txhua lub hnub nyoog thiab rau txhua tus neeg - nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov menyuam yaus, nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov neeg laus.
Indications thiab contraindications rau sealing
Cov lus qhia dav dav rau kev sib khi - fissures nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm qhov tob nqaim crevices, uas txhuam tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag thaum tu. Rau cov menyuam yaus, qhov no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo vim tias cov hniav ntawm cov hniav tseem tsis tau tsim thiab yooj yim rau caries.
Muaj cov neeg paub txog kev tu tus kheej ntawm qhov tawg ntawm txoj hauv kev. Thiab yog tias tsis muaj kev hem thawj ntawm caries, lawv tsis tas yuav raug kaw. Qhov no siv rau qhov dav, sib txuas lus slots. Rau lawv, qhov tsim nyog ntawm kev sib khi tuaj yeem txiav txim siabTsuas yog tus kws kho hniav xwb, yog tias cov hniav yog carious, nws yuav tsis raug kaw, vim cov txheej txheem ntawm kev puas tsuaj yuav txuas ntxiv mus. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm caries, fissures yuav tsum tau ntxuav kom huv si cov ntaub so ntswg ua ntej sealing, raws li nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm ib tug hniav.
Hnub nyoog ntawm txheej txheem
Fissure sealing yog qhov xav tau tshwj xeeb rau cov menyuam yaus. Lawv cov txheej txheem ntawm saturating lub enamel nrog tag nrho cov tsim nyog tshuaj, piv txwv li, cov mineralization ntawm cov hniav, yuav siv sij hawm ntev heev thiab nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau khi lawv ua ntej pib ntawm caries.
Muaj qee qhov kev txwv, piv txwv li, yog tias qhov tawg tsis tau puas los ntawm cov kab mob ntev txog plaub xyoos, cov hniav zoo li no tsis tas yuav tsum tau muab khi. Cov niam txiv feem ntau ua qhov sib khi ntawm cov hniav hauv cov menyuam yaus. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias fissure caries nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam yog ib tug tshwm sim. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus uas tsis tuaj yeem lossis tsis kam txhuam lawv cov hniav kom huv. Tom qab kev sib khi, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm caries txo qis mus rau xoom.
Fissure sealing yog ua rau cov hniav mus tas li. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los ua kev sib khi tom qab tawg ntawm cov molar nyob rau hauv peb lub hlis tom ntej, hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav, tom qab rau lub hlis. Nov yog kev pom zoo los ntawm kws kho hniav. Tsis tas yuav ncua qhov no, vim tias qhov concentration ntawm microbes loj hlob tas li.
txheej txheem sealing
Sealing lossis fissure sealing yog txheej txheem rau kev kho cov molars nrog tshwj xeeb muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nws tiv thaiv cov hniav los ntawm caries los ntawm 100%. Lub sealant kho tsis muaj dab tsi los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv cov hniav. Fissure sealing yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plawskev tiv thaiv.
Printing theem
Ib ntu ntawm kev ua:
- Txhawm rau ua tiav tag nrho cov txheej txheem nrog kev nthuav dav thiab qhib qhov sib cais thaum lawv qhov nqaim thiab qhov tob tob, lawv txoj haujlwm, piv txwv li topography, txiav txim siab los ntawm x-ray.
- Tom ntej los txog kev npaj cov hniav. Nrog txhuam txhuam, qhov saum npoo yog huv si siv cov tshuaj txhuam hniav. Yog tias qhov no ua pov thawj tias tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, siv ultrasound lossis sandblasting apparatus. Tom qab tag nrho, cov hniav yog ntxuav los ntawm cov seem ntawm cov abrasive. Tom qab ntawd nws tau kho nrog tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cua qhuav nrog rab phom hniav.
- kauj ruam tom ntej yog hu ua etching. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv nthuav tawm cov enamel txheej rau cov kua qaub tshwj xeeb - qhov no yog ua kom qhov chaw sib cuag ntawm cov hniav thiab cov sealant. Lub degree ntawm adhesion kuj nce. Ua ntej txheej txheej ntawm cov hniav nrog acid rau etching, nws yog cais los ntawm qaub ncaug. Rau lub hom phiaj no, lawv tsuas npog cov hniav nrog paj rwb wool yob. Orthophosphoric acid yog siv rau 15 vib nas this, ces nws yuav tsum tau ntxuav tawm nrog ib tug kwj ntawm dej thiab qhuav nrog cua. Thaum siv phosphoric acid, tuav ib feeb.
- Kev sib khi. Fissures raug kaw nrog lub sealant los ntawm kev siv ib qho kev sib xyaw los ntawm tus cwj mem syringe nrog nws cov kev faib tawm hauv cov kab noj hniav. Tus kws kho hniav tshem tawm qhov dhau. Lub sealant yuav tsum tawv, rau qhov no nws raug rau lub teeb kho lub teeb.
- Tom qab kho cov sealant, cov hniav kho hniav yog av thiab polished. Tam sim no koj yuav tsum kuaj xyuas qhov occlusion ntawm cov hniav txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov ua txhaum caitom qab silant. Rau lub hom phiaj no, tus kws kho hniav siv occlusal lossis tshwj xeeb carbon ntawv. Yog hais tias muaj ntau ntau sealant nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw, qhov tom yuav nce thiab qhov no yuav qhia tau hais tias ib tug tuab xim dot yuav tshwm nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no. Thaj chaw no yog sanded tam sim ntawd thiab polished.
Fissure sealing txheej txheem rau cov menyuam yaus siv sijhawm li 40 feeb. Cov neeg mob zoo siab heev vim tsis muaj qhov mob. Nrog kev sib khi zoo ntawm qhov tawg ntawm cov hniav, nws dhau los tiv thaiv los ntawm ib lub cev txawv teb chaws rau tsib xyoos lossis ntau dua.
Yuav ua li cas khi rau menyuam yaus
Hniav ntawm cov menyuam yaus raug soj ntsuam los ntawm theem pib mineralization (BMI).
- High IUM - cov enamel yog ntom, ci, qhov kev sojntsuam tsis tau daig, tab sis swb hla nws. Cov fissures no tiv taus cov kab mob ntev heev, thiab lawv tsis xav tau kev sib khi.
- Medium IUM - ib qho tawg yog chalky xim, qee zaum qhov kev sojntsuam tau daig hauv qhov tob tshaj plaws. Ntawm no caries muaj nyob rau hauv 80% ntawm cov neeg mob. Yog li ntawd, kev tawg ntawm cov hniav zoo li no yuav tsum tau ua ke nrog kev noj cov tshuaj fluorine, calcium thiab phosphorus npaj rau ib hlis, thiab tom qab ntawd ua tiav cov txheej txheem sealing.
- Low IUM (hypomineralized fissures) - enamel yog npub, xim yog dawb nyob txhua qhov chaw, kev sojntsuam tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov enamel softened, 100% caries. Nrog rau cov hniav zoo li no, cov kua qaub tsis yog siv rau etching thaum sealing. Siv cov iav polymer nkaus xwb.
Cov neeg laus puas muab khi?
Fissure sealing hauv cov neeg laus yog ua thaum muaj cov kab mob caries. Nws ua li cas? Sealing fissures nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus, txij li thaum lawv enamel yog tag nrho tsim, zoo li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kho cov hniav carious - qhib, ntxuav thiab ua. Fissure pigmentation feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus.
Nws tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav pom dab tsi hauv qhov tawg. Yog li ntawd, tus kws kho hniav laus muaj kev txwv ntau dua li cov menyuam yaus. Tus kws kho mob zom cov hniav thiab nkag mus rau cov enamel uas nyob rau hauv thaj chaw pigmented.
Lwm qhov teeb meem ntawm cov neeg laus yog cov hniav ntse. Txog thaum nws txiav los ntawm thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, tsis muaj kev nkag mus rau nws. Thiab thaum nws tawg, nws feem ntau twb muaj kab noj hniav carious. Yog li ntawd, cov hniav zoo li no raug tshem tawm.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws
Qhov tshwm sim no tsis tshua muaj tsawg. Nws tshwm sim lawm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ntom heev mineralized heterogeneous formations yog pom nyob rau hauv qab kawg ntawm lub fissures. Tsis yog lub luag haujlwm kawg hauv qhov no yog cov kua dej ntawm cov hniav lossis cov kua cerebrospinal - qhov no yog cov kua dej uas ua rau cov kab noj hniav sab hauv. Yog vim li cas nyob rau hauv qab - vim hais tias ntawm no cov centrifugal tam sim no ntawm cov kua los ntawm cov neeg nyob sib ze thiab cov folds yog concentrated nyob rau hauv ib tug taw tes, piv txwv li, fissures yog ib txwm kaw los ntawm nws.
Sealing result
Raws li kev txheeb cais, 80% ntawm cov sealants yog airtight ob mus rau peb xyoos tom qab tus txheej txheem. Tsib mus rau xya xyoo tom ntej no tseem yuav raug kaw 70%.
Tom qab 10 xyoo, tsuas yog 30% ua haujlwm. Tab sis ntau cov kev txheeb xyuas hais txogQhov tseeb tias cov sealants tuaj yeem kav ntev dua 10 xyoo, raug rau kev txhuam kom zoo txhua hnub.
pros and cons
Sealing muab tiav, 100% tiv thaiv kab mob, tiv thaiv kev rov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem carious. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub sealant nws tus kheej ntxiv txhim kho qhov kho ntawm cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj uas twb muaj lawm. Cov txheej txheem tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo.
khoom siv foob
Ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais kawm, fissure sealants yog low-viscosity composite resins uas tuaj yeem kho tau raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm UV teeb lossis ib txwm muaj. Lawv yog ua los ntawm polyurethane. Lawv txawv ntawm hnav tsis kam thiab pob tshab. Feem ntau, lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog ntxiv nrog cov fluorine ions, uas nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej inhibits kev loj hlob ntawm caries.
Kev sib khi ntawm cov hniav nrog lub sealant - yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog siv cov sealants. Sealant hauv kev txhais lus txhais tau tias "sealant", uas ua raws li lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob cariogenic thiab organic acids.
Cov khoom ntim pob tshab tuaj yeem ua qhov ntsuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov tawg, tab sis lawv tus kheej nyuaj rau pom thiab ntsuas lawv tus mob.
Opaque sealants muaj titanium dioxide ntxiv. Vim nws, ib tug qab ntxiag creamy xim yog kis tau thiab lawv tsis sawv tawm ntawm zom nto. Lawv qhov zoo dua yog tias lawv tso cai rau koj tswj koj tus mob hauv cov txheej txheem hnav.
Feem ntau, cov kws kho hniav siv cov sealants hauv qab no - "Fissurit F" thiab "Grandio Force". Txhua qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov sealant yog hypoallergenic thiab tsis ua rau cov enamel.
Yam kev sib khi
Fissure sealing ntawm cov hniav yog ua los ntawm ob txoj hauv kev - ntxeem tau thiab tsis tawm. Hauv thawj kis, cov ntaub so ntswg yog hauv av. Fissures feem ntau complex - kaw thiab nqaim. Feem ntau siv rau cov neeg laus.
Tsis muaj kev sib khi tsis yog nrog kev sib tsoo ntawm cov enamel, qhov khoob tsuas yog ntim nrog sealant. Nws yog siv rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj mis nyuj thiab cov hniav mus tas li. Tab sis qhov tawg yuav tsum yog qhov yooj yim hauv cov qauv thiab tsis muaj qhov pom ntawm caries.
Reviews
Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm ntau tus niam txiv hais txog qhov yuav tsum tau muaj kev sib khi ntawm cov menyuam yaus. Lawv taw tes rau qhov ua tau zoo thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm txoj kev, uas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws tiv thaiv kab mob caries. Tsis muaj cov lus teb tsis zoo tau sau npe rau hnub tim.
Cov txheej txheem suav tias yog nrawm heev, zoo heev, tsis mob thiab zoo nkauj. Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov menyuam tub tub nkeeg uas nyuaj rau txhuam lawv cov hniav kom huv. Qhov teeb meem nkaus xwb yog nrhiav tus kws kho hniav uas muaj peev xwm thiab ua tib zoo saib xyuas kom qhov kev sib khi ua kom raug. Tus nqi nruab nrab rau kev sib khi ib tus hniav txawv ntawm 600 txog 900 rubles.
