Kev ceeb toom mob qog noj ntshav thiab kuaj pom ntxov ntawm cov kab mob oncological (kev sim, tshuaj ntsuam, kuaj thiab lwm yam kev tshawb fawb) yog qhov tseem ceeb kom tau txais kev pom zoo. Kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav thaum ntxov yog kho tau zoo thiab tswj tau, qhov ciaj sia ntawm cov neeg mob siab, thiab qhov kev cia siab yog qhov zoo. Kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tau ua tiav raws li qhov kev thov ntawm tus neeg mob lossis raws li kev coj ntawm tus kws kho mob oncologist ntawm Lub Chaw Saib Xyuas Thaum Ntxov ntawm Cov Kab Mob Oncological (hauv Stavropol, Moscow, Rostov-on-Don, Kazan thiab lwm lub nroog ntawm Russia). Qhov kev kuaj mob ntxov yog tsom mus kuaj mob qog noj ntshav thaum pib, thaum kho tau zoo tshaj plaws.
kab mob Oncological: txheeb cais
Tam sim no, mob qog noj ntshav yog qhov thib ob ua rau tuag hauvlub ntiaj teb no. Cov kab mob oncological muaj txog 200 qhov kev kuaj mob, thiab txhua hom mob qog noj ntshav muaj nws tus kheej cov tsos mob, kev kuaj mob thiab kev kho mob. Txhua xyoo, qhov tshwm sim nce 3%, thiab WHO ntseeg tias nyob rau nees nkaum xyoo tom ntej no tus lej no yuav nce li ntawm 70%. Niaj hnub no, 14.1 lab tus neeg mob tau sau npe txhua xyoo hauv ntiaj teb, thiab 8.2 lab tus tib neeg tuag los ntawm ntau hom mob qog noj ntshav thiab mob.
British oncologists ntseeg tias cov npe ntawm cov hom mob qog noj ntshav feem ntau tau hloov pauv me ntsis hauv ib nrab xyoo dhau los. Feem ntau yog mob ntsws, mis, plab, prostate, thiab mob qog noj ntshav. Tsis deb tom qab yog cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm daim siab, ncauj tsev menyuam, txoj hlab pas, zais zis, thiab cov qog nqaij hlav uas tsis yog Hodgkin (malignant neoplasms ntawm lymphatic system). Ze li ib nrab (42%) ntawm cov neeg mob thoob ntiaj teb yog mob ntsws, lub mis, plab hnyuv thiab prostate. Feem ntau ntawm cov txiv neej yog mob ntsws cancer, ntawm cov poj niam - mob cancer mis.
Thaum 169.3 lab xyoo, cov kws tshawb fawb kwv yees qhov kev poob ntawm lub neej vim mob qog noj ntshav. Muaj ntau dua 32.6 lab tus neeg mob qog noj ntshav thoob ntiaj teb, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg tau kuaj mob qog noj ntshav hauv tsib xyoos txog rau thaum xaus xyoo 2012. Ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov xwm txheej yog txuam nrog plaub yam kev pheej hmoo: haus luam yeeb, haus cawv, noj zaub mov tsis zoo thiab rog dhau, thiab kev ua lub cev tsis txaus. Kev haus luam yeeb yog lub luag haujlwm rau kwv yees li 20% ntawm kev mob ntsws cancer tuag. Hauv 18% ntawm cov neeg mobkab mob yog qhov ua rau. Hauv cov cheeb tsam txom nyem, daim duab no siab dua.
Hauv Asia, 48% ntawm cov neeg mob tshiab tau sau npe, hauv Tebchaws Europe - 24.4%, Asmeskas - 20.5%, Africa - 6%, Oceania - 1.1%. Yog li, ntau dua 60% ntawm cov neeg mob tshiab tau kuaj pom hauv Africa, Asia, South thiab Central America. Kwv yees li 70% ntawm cov neeg tuag nyob hauv cov cheeb tsam no. Tebchaws Europe thiab North America muaj cov neeg tuag tsawg dua piv rau tag nrho cov neeg mob tshiab.
Denmark muaj tus nqi siab tshaj plaws. Tau kaw 338 kab mob rau 100 txhiab tus neeg. Hauv Fabkis, tus lej no qis dua me ntsis - 325 tus neeg, hauv tebchaws Australia - 323 tus neeg, hauv Belgium - 321, Norway - 318. Raws li cov xeev hauv Middle East, qhov ntsuas phem tshaj yog nyob rau hauv Israel.
Nyob hauv cov teb chaws tsim, 99% ntawm cov neeg tuag vim yog mob qog noj ntshav tsis kho. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, 90% ntawm cov tshuaj muaj zog muaj zog yog siv hauv Australia thiab New Zealand, Canada, Tebchaws Asmeskas thiab qee lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe. Nws hloov tawm tias tsawg dua 10% ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob siv los ntawm 80% ntawm cov pejxeem. Cov txheeb cais yog qhov txaus ntshai tiag tiag. Cov ntaub ntawv no tau muab rau cov ntaub ntawv nrov thiab kev tawm tsam kev ntxub ntxaug cuam tshuam nrog tus kab mob txaus ntshai. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias qhov kev kuaj mob ntxov ntxov ntawm mob qog noj ntshav yuav txo qis cov txheeb cais.
Major risk factor for cancer
WHO txheeb xyuas yam uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo kis mob hnyav. Ntawm cov kev pheej hmoo rau mob qog noj ntshav uas yog kev tshawb fawbpov thawj, cov hauv qab no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm oncology tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ob qho tib si nrog qee tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev thiab lub xeev kev noj qab haus huv ntawm ib tus neeg mob, thiab nrog rau ib puag ncig.
Qee cov kab mob sib kis ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv uas ua rau muaj cov qog nqaij hlav malignant neoplasms. Qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb yog: kab mob siab C thiab B, kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob (HIV), kab mob Helicobacter pylori, human papillomavirus (HPV). Kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem loj.
HIV feem ntau ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov mob qog noj ntshav ntawm cov qog thiab cov ntshav. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog restructuring ntawm cov khoom siv caj ces. HPV ua rau mob qog noj ntshav hauv tsev menyuam thiab cov mob precancerous hauv 70% ntawm cov neeg mob. Muaj ntau tshaj 100 hom HPV, uas 13 ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm malignant neoplasms. Cov kab mob Helicobacter provokes plab mob cancer, kab mob siab B thiab C - daim siab puas.
Benign neoplasms yog qhov ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv tsis zoo. Cov no yog, piv txwv li, plab hnyuv polyps, cervical erosion, hloov hauv txoj hlab pas. Kev kuaj mob ntxov ntawm oncology yuav pab tshem tawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kev pheej hmoo no.
Kev hloov pauv caj ces uas tau txais los ntawm kev muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav malignant. Piv txwv li, cov no suav nrog kev hloov pauv uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav mis thiab zes qe menyuam. Nrog qee hom plab hnyuv polyposis lossisHauv Lynch syndrome, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tsim cov qog nqaij hlav hauv lub neej mus txog 100%. Kev tiv thaiv zoo tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm kev kuaj mob ntxov ntawm cov kab mob oncological thiab kev ceeb toom oncological. Qee zaum, txawm tias muaj kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm.
Kev nce ntxiv ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav ntawm lub ntsws, zais zis thiab lub mis, ntshav thiab tawv nqaij ua rau muaj kuab paug ib puag ncig thiab ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntawm cov tshuaj carcinogens. Kev ua raws li cov lus pom zoo hais txog kev siv tshuaj ntxuav tes thiab lwm yam tshuaj hauv tsev yuav pab txo tus neeg mob. Ib qho teeb meem yog raug rau ultraviolet thiab ionizing hluav taws xob. Kev ua raws cai nruj me ntsis raws li cov cai hauv tsev (cov ntaub ntawv tsim kho yuav muaj ntau ntau ntawm radon), raug rau lub hnub thiab siv cov tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub yuav pab txo qis cov teeb meem.
Kev noj zaub mov kom zoo yuav pab tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntau yam kab mob. Hauv kev noj zaub mov txhua hnub yuav tsum muaj cov tshuaj antioxidants txaus, uas muaj nyob hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub. Qhov tsis muaj cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav. Cov rog yog cov carcinogenic, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas tau rov qab kho dua tshav kub, qee cov dyes thiab preservatives.
Kev sib txuas ntawm kev rog thiab kev loj hlob ntawm qog nqaij hlav hauv plab hnyuv, tsev menyuam, txoj hlab pas, thiab lub mis tau raug pov thawj. Lub cev thiab lub zog hauv cheeb tsam yog siv los ntawm kev siv cawv, haus luam yeeb. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev haus luam yeeb thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm oncology ntawm txoj hlab pas, plab, daim di ncauj, larynx, pharynx, ziszais zis, ncauj tsev menyuam thiab pancreas.
Txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kuaj mob ntxov
Cov qog nqaij hlav feem ntau muaj qhov tshwm sim zoo yog tias kuaj pom ntxov. Kev kuaj mob niaj hnub no tso cai rau peb txwv peb tus kheej rau cov txheej txheem me me txhawm rau txhawm rau khaws cov kab mob cuam tshuam thiab tiv thaiv qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev kho. Rau kev kuaj mob ntxov ntawm cov kab mob oncological, kev tshuaj ntsuam tau dav siv niaj hnub no - ob peb lub chaw kuaj mob thiab cov txheej txheem ntsuas uas tso cai rau kuaj pom cov qog thaum tsis muaj daim duab kho mob. Kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tau dav siv tsis yog rau cov tib neeg uas raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev pheej hmoo, tab sis kuj rau cov neeg noj qab haus huv ntawm cov hnub nyoog sib txawv.
Txoj hau kev tseem ceeb rau kev kuaj mob ntxov ntxov ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav yog raws li hauv qab no: kuaj qog nqaij hlav, kev tshawb fawb caj ces, kuaj ntshav occult, kuaj Pap, mammography, mis MRI, ultrasound, CT, endoscopy, virtual colonoscopy, mole scanning thiab daim tawv nqaij exam.
Kev kuaj ntshav rau cov qog qog ua rau cov kws kho mob xav tias muaj kev hloov pauv ua ntej hauv cov neeg mob uas tsis muaj kev tsis txaus siab. Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb pom zoo kom ua tiav tom qab ncav cuag ib lub hnub nyoog. Qhov no yog, piv txwv li, ib qho kev sim uas kuaj mob qog noj ntshav prostate (pom zoo txhua ob xyoos tom qab 40-50 xyoo). Kev ntsuam xyuas caj ces raug txiav txim yog tias koj xav tias muaj kev hloov pauv caj ces uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb tshwj xeeb tau pom hauv tsev neeg lub voj voog ntawm cov neeg mob uas raug mob qog noj ntshav lossis zes qe menyuam, nrog rau lub mis.
Kev tshuaj xyuas cov quav rau cov ntshav occult tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab txawm tias los ntshav me ntsis, qhov ua rau uas feem ntau yog oncology. Kev kuaj mob ib ntus raug pom zoo rau txhua tus neeg uas muaj hnub nyoog tshaj tsib caug xyoo, nrog rau kev mob ntshav qab zib tsis paub tseeb hauv cov neeg mob ntawm ntau lub hnub nyoog.
Kev kuaj Pap thiab HPV raug pom zoo rau cov poj niam hnub nyoog 21 txog 65 xyoo. Cov txheej txheem no ua rau nws tuaj yeem kuaj tsis tau tsuas yog qog qog noj ntshav xwb, tab sis kuj kuaj xyuas lub sijhawm hloov pauv uas tuaj yeem kho tau zoo.
Mamography thiab ua raws li niaj zaus nrog tus kws kho mob mammologist yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kuaj mob oncology thaum ntxov. Mammography txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kuaj pom malignant neoplasms nyob rau theem tsis ua haujlwm hauv cov neeg mob hnub nyoog 40 txog 74 xyoo. Feem ntau, txoj kev tshawb no yog ua ke nrog ultrasound, uas tso cai rau koj kom tau txais daim duab qhia txog tus mob ntawm lub mis.
MRI tau ua los kuaj xyuas qhov hloov pauv me ntsis ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg raws li cov lus pom zoo ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Qhia rau cov neeg mob uas kuaj pom kev hloov pauv ntawm BRCA2 thiab 1 hom. Tib pawg, nrog rau cov poj niam uas muaj Lynch syndrome, tau qhia rau ultrasound nrog lub transvaginal sensor rau kev kuaj mob raws sijhawm ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv zes qe menyuam thiab tsev menyuam.
CT tau ua nrog cov tshuaj tawg qis. Txoj kev no tau pom zoo rau cov neeg mob uas raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev tsim mob qog noj ntshav, nrog rau txhua tus neeg haus luam yeeb tom qab tsib caug-tsib xyoo.
Txoj kev Endoscopic tuaj yeem kuaj mob qog noj ntshav thiab kev hloov pauv hauv lub plab zom mov. Qee lub sij hawm dhau los, gastroscopy tau ua ntau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm kev kuaj mob ntxov ntawm cov kab mob oncological hauv Nyij Pooj, txij li kab mob qog noj ntshav tau nyob hauv qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm txhua yam kab mob oncological nyob ntawd.
Colonoscopy raug pom zoo rau cov neeg tshaj 50 uas muaj kev pheej hmoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev tshawb no yog ua nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm hereditary kev pheej hmoo yam tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob ntawm txhua lub hnub nyoog. Cov tshuaj niaj hnub no tso cai rau koj mus kuaj xyuas cov hnyuv uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam - kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav. Txoj kev yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov neeg mob uas muaj contraindications rau invasive txheej txheem.
Kev tshawb pom ntawm melanoma raws sijhawm tso cai rau kev soj ntsuam los ntawm kws kho mob dermatologist thiab siv cov txheej txheem kho qhov muag. Kev ntsuam xyuas los ntawm kws kho mob dermatologist pom zoo rau txhua tus neeg mob uas muaj kev hloov pauv pigmentary (moles thiab hnub nyoog me ntsis). Nws tseem yog ib qho tsim nyog los saib xyuas qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov moles nrog kev soj ntsuam raws sij hawm.
kuaj pom ntxov ntawm mob qog noj ntshav
mob qog noj ntshav mis yog qhov muaj ntau ntawm cov poj niam (piv rau lwm hom qog noj ntshav). Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm kev kuaj mob ntxov ntawm cov kab mob oncological hauv cov poj niam yog kev tshuaj xyuas phau ntawv (nrog rau kev kuaj xyuas tus kheej), mammography, ultrasound, kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov muaj kev hloov pauv, thiab biopsy. Feem ntau thawj txoj kev yog cov ntaub ntawv zoo heev - kev kuaj xyuas phau ntawv ib txwm. Palpation tso cai rau koj los txheeb xyuas qhov muaj cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj, ntsuas lawv qhov xwm txheej, saibCov tsos mob dermatological (liab liab, tawm ntawm lub txiv mis), qhov mob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav.
Tab sis tseem yog txoj kev txhim khu kev qha tshaj plaws yog qhov cuab yeej, thaum nws los txog rau kev kuaj mob ntxov ntxov. Thiab kev ceeb toom oncological ntawm tus neeg mob nws tus kheej, los ntawm txoj kev, tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no. Ib tug poj niam tuaj yeem kuaj tus kheej ntawm lub sijhawm. Yog vim li cas mus ntsib kws kho mob yog mob nyob rau hauv ib lub caj pas, ib tug hloov nyob rau hauv lub cev thiab cov duab ntawm lub mis, ib tug ntom tsim, ntshav los yog tej yam atypical paug tawm ntawm lub txiv mis, o ntawm lub txiv mis, retraction los yog wrinkling ntawm daim tawv nqaij. lub mis, qhov loj ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm qhov sib thooj.
Mammography yog ib txoj hauv kev qhia paub thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb uas cov qog tuaj yeem kuaj pom txawm tias ua ntej nws txiav txim siab los ntawm palpation. Kev kuaj lub mis yog pom zoo txhua xyoo tom qab hnub nyoog 40 xyoo. Cov lus nug ntawm kev kuaj mob ntxiv yog txiav txim siab los ntawm tus kws kho mob raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm MMG. Ultrasound yog qhia rau cov neeg mob hnub nyoog qis dua 40 xyoo. Txoj kev no muaj kev nyab xeeb kiag li thiab tuaj yeem siv rau kev saib xyuas tus neeg mob. Ib qho biopsy yog qhia thaum kuaj pom cov qog. Yog tias qhov tsim tsawg dua 1 cm, ces qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo ib yam li kev txhaj tshuaj. Cov txheej txheem yog ua los ntawm tus neeg mob sab nraud, yam tsis muaj kev npaj, feem ntau tsis tas yuav tshuaj loog. Cov khoom siv rau kev kuaj histological yog ua tiav nyob rau hauv xya mus rau kaum hnub.
Txoj kev txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txiav
Yog tus neeg mob muaj moles ntau, ces nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm oncological alertness thiab kev kuaj mob ntxov ntawm oncologicalKev kuaj kab mob yog ua los txiav txim qhov xwm txheej ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Feem ntau, cov moles tsis muaj teeb meem zais cov kab mob ciam teb ntawm daim tawv nqaij mob qog noj ntshav, nrog rau cov qog nqaij hlav malignant neoplasms. Nws tuaj yeem yog, piv txwv li, melanoma, basalioma, carcinoma, thiab lwm yam. Benign neoplasms, uas, vim lawv qhov chaw nyob, raug mob tas li, nws yog ntshaw kom tshem tawm. Nws yog qhov pom zoo ntau dua rau cov neeg uas muaj thawj hom tawv nqaij: liab lossis daj plaub hau, xiav ob lub qhov muag thiab cov tawv nqaij ncaj ncees. Ua ntej excision ntawm mole, nws raug nquahu kom ua dermatoscopy. Nco ntsoov txiav txim seb puas yog malignant neoplasm lossis benign. Tom qab ntawd, tus kws tshaj lij yuav txiav txim siab txog txoj kev kho zoo tshaj plaws: cryodestruction lossis excision.
Kev kawm ntxiv: kuaj cov qog nqaij hlav
Kev kuaj mob qog nqaij hlav yog ua raws li kev tshawb fawb ntxiv hauv lub hauv paus ntawm kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kuaj mob ntxov ntawm mob qog noj ntshav. Cov cim qog nqaij hlav yog cov khoom tshwj xeeb uas tshwm sim thaum lub qog loj hlob. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no tuaj yeem ua tiav yam tsis muaj kev xa mus los ntawm tus kws kho mob oncologist, tab sis tsis pub dawb. Raws li ib feem ntawm qhov kev pab cuam rau kev kuaj mob ntxov ntawm cov kab mob oncological, qhov kev sim ua tiav raws li MHI txoj cai yog tias muaj qee yam qhia. Kev tsom xam txiav txim siab cov cim ntawm cov txheej txheem oncological nyob rau hauv lub qhov quav, txoj hnyuv loj, siab, plab, ntsws, prostate, zais zis, mammary caj pas, txiav txiav, zes qe menyuam, gallbladder. Cov kab mob qog tuaj yeem tshwm sim me me hauv lub cev ntawm tus neeg noj qab haus huv. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, lawvTus naj npawb tau nce, yog li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txiaj ntsig thiab cov qauv tsis ib txwm qhia tias muaj oncology.
Yog vim li cas rau kev kuaj mob txawv txawv
Txhua yam tsos mob uas tsis thab koj ua ntej yog vim li cas rau kev tshuaj ntsuam txawv txawv. Yuav tsum ceeb toom: subcutaneous node ntawm ib qho chaw hauv zos, tsim ntawm daim tawv nqaij, hnoos tsis tu ncua, los ntshav los yog hloov hauv plab hnyuv ua haujlwm (zaub mov, cem quav). Cov poj niam raug qhia kom mus ntsib kws kho mob yog tias lawv muaj cov qog ntshav axillary loj, hnov mob hauv lub mis, hloov ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub mis, lossis tawm ntawm lub txiv mis.
Ntxiv rau, ntau hom mob qog noj ntshav tau ua ntej los ntawm cov kab mob hauv qab. Qhov no yog, piv txwv li, mob gastritis lossis peptic ulcer rau mob qog noj ntshav. Rau kev mob qog noj ntshav hauv tsev menyuam, erosions thiab polyps yog qhov mob ua ntej. Nrog rau kev kuaj mob zoo li no, kev tshuaj xyuas yuav tsum tau ua txhua xyoo. Ib yam yog pom zoo nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ntau yam kev pheej hmoo. Yog tias koj muaj lus nug txog kev kuaj mob, koj yuav tsum hu rau tus neeg sawv cev pov hwm ntawm lub tuam txhab uas tau tshaj tawm txoj cai CHI - qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm. Kev kuaj mob ntxov ntxov ntawm oncology (uas yog, ntau yam kev kho mob pheej yig) yog txiav txim los ntawm txoj cai.
Yuav tsum tau kuaj mob yog tias muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm tsev neeg
Yog tias muaj kev pheej hmoo hauv tsev neeg, uas yog, muaj qee yam mob qog noj ntshav ntawm cov neeg hauv tsev neeg, cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom pib kuaj mob ntawm hom oncology tsib xyoos ua ntej tus kab mob tau kuaj pom hauv cov txheeb ze. Hauv qhov no, tus neeg mob nws tus kheej yuav tsum tau them nyiaj ntau rau nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab tsis tu ncuaraug kev xeem.
Qhov twg kom tau txais kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas
Hauv tebchaws Russia, ntau cov txheej txheem rau kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav thaum ntxov muaj rau pej xeem dawb raws li txoj cai kho mob. Piv txwv li, kuaj Pap, uas tso cai rau koj txhawm rau kuaj pom cov kev hloov pauv hauv lub tsev menyuam, ua ib feem. ntawm kev kuaj mob ib zaug txhua peb xyoos ntawm cov poj niam ntawm 21 txog 69 xyoo. Yog tias tsim nyog (tus neeg mob muaj hom kab mob HPV), yuav tsum tau noj ntau zaus. Qhov zaus yuav raug txiav txim los ntawm gynecologist. Txoj kev kawm no kuj yuav pub dawb raws li txoj cai.
Kev txhim kho kws kho mob
Kev kawm kho mob txuas ntxiv (CME) kev ceeb toom ntawm oncological thiab kev kuaj mob ntxov ntawm cov kab mob oncological qhia txog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb uas yuav pab txo qis qhov tshwm sim hauv tebchaws Russia. Ib qho kev kuaj mob ntxov yog qhov tseem ceeb los tswj kev mob nkeeg thiab kho cov neeg mob zoo. Cov kws kho mob dav dav thiab cov kws kho mob nqaim hauv polyclinics saib xyuas cov tsos mob uas tuaj yeem nrog mob qog noj ntshav thiab xa tus neeg mob mus kuaj ntxiv. Yog li ntawd, thawj theem ntawm kev kuaj mob tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm lub tsev kho mob ntawm qhov chaw nyob lossis kev sau npe. Yog tias tsim nyog, tus kws kho mob yuav xa tus neeg mob mus rau cov chaw kho mob tshwj xeeb.
Hnub no, chav kawm hluav taws xob rau kev txhim kho nyob deb tau tsim rau cov kws kho mob dav dav. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov peev txheej rau kev tshawb pom ntawm oncology thaum ntxov. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tus neeg lub voj voog rau daim ntawv pov thawj hauv qhov tshwj xeeb yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev paub txog qhov module "Cancer Alertness and EarlyKev kuaj mob ntawm cov kab mob oncological "Lub voj voog tseem xav tau rau kev lees paub ntawm tus kws kho mob hauv qhov tshwj xeeb.
kev kuaj mob ntxov yog tus yuam sij rau kev kho kom zoo
Kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav nyob rau theem pib tuaj yeem ua rau muaj feem pua ntawm kev muaj sia nyob, thiab tseem yuav ua rau muaj kev rov zoo tag nrho. Kev ciaj sia nyob rau hauv tsib xyoos txij li lub sijhawm kuaj mob qog nqaij hlav, raws li txoj cai, qhia txog kev rov ua tiav ntawm tus neeg mob lossis kev tswj hwm kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav. Hauv kev mob ntsws cancer, qhov kev cia siab tsis yog nyob ntawm theem xwb, tab sis kuj nyob ntawm daim ntawv histological ntawm tus kab mob. Nrog mob qog noj ntshav mis, kev kho mob tsim nyog nyob rau theem pib tuaj yeem ua tiav txog li 90% muaj sia nyob hauv tsib xyoos. Kev mob qog nqaij hlav hauv plab tsis tshua pom tshwm sim hauv thawj theem, thiab kev muaj sia nyob tsib xyoos yog yuav luag 80%. Yog li, feem ntau hom mob qog noj ntshav tuaj yeem kho tau hauv 95% ntawm cov neeg mob yog tias lawv tau kuaj pom thaum ntxov.
