Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob: piav qhia, hom, kev ua tau zoo thiab daim ntawv thov

Cov txheej txheem:

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob: piav qhia, hom, kev ua tau zoo thiab daim ntawv thov
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob: piav qhia, hom, kev ua tau zoo thiab daim ntawv thov

Video: Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob: piav qhia, hom, kev ua tau zoo thiab daim ntawv thov

Video: Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob: piav qhia, hom, kev ua tau zoo thiab daim ntawv thov
Video: Tshuaj theem vim li cas thiaj tau nqi ?/ Siv kho mob dab tsi?/paris polyphylla use for? 2024, Lub Xya hli ntuj
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Kev txhaj tshuaj pab tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv qee yam kab mob loj. Tam sim no, txoj kev no tau lees paub tias yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm ntau yam pathologies loj ntawm kev kis kab mob, kab mob thiab kab mob. Ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj sia pab tsim kev tiv thaiv mus ntev. Daim ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm kev npaj txhaj tshuaj no muaj ntau qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo uas txhua tus yuav tsum paub txog.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj sia yog dab tsi?

Tau tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj sia, siv cov kab mob tsis muaj zog, uas pib ua rau ntau qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj. Cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo li no khaws lawv cov khoom tiv thaiv kab mob. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob muaj sia tsis ua rau muaj cov duab kho mob ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob (feem ntau). Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv zoo: humoral, cellular thiab secretory.

nyobtshuaj tiv thaiv
nyobtshuaj tiv thaiv

Nws tuaj yeem tau txais cov kab mob tsis muaj zog (attenuated) vim qhov tsis ua haujlwm ntawm cov noob ua lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua phem ntawm cov kab mob. Rau inactivation, tshuaj thiab lub cev los yog siv. Ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhuav. Qhov no tso cai rau koj mus cuag lawv cov txee lub neej. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qhuav qhuav tuaj yeem khaws cia rau ntau tshaj 12 lub hlis ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (2-8 ° C). Txhawm rau tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ruaj khov, qee zaum nws txaus los txhaj tshuaj ib zaug.

Muaj ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob muaj sia yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib txawv. Hauv lawv cov khoom siv, cov kab mob microorganisms tau siv los sib txuas nrog cov kab mob sib kis, tab sis tsis muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kab mob. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog BCG, uas tau txais los ntawm Mycobacterium bovine tuberculosis.

txiaj ntsig

Piv rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis muaj sia, kev npaj nrog cov kab mob kis tau zoo ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic muaj ntau qhov zoo:

  • koob tshuaj tsawg kawg nkaus.
  • Kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
  • Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev tswj hwm.
  • Maximum natural immunogenicity.
  • High efficiency (thaum siv kom raug).
  • Tus nqi qis.
  • No preservatives in the composition.
  • Kev tiv thaiv txhua yam.

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj sia

Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, cov kab mob kis tau zoo uas siv los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob tiag tiag (nws tshwm sim tsis tshua muaj). Qhov no yog vim tus neeg mob lub cev tsis muaj zog.

siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob
siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj sia yog qhov nkag siab zoo rau kev hloov pauv kub. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis zoo ntawm lub cev yog yuav luag tsis pom zoo yog tias kev tsis saib xyuas tau ua txhaum cai txog kev khaws cia lossis kev thauj mus los ntawm cov tshuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas ua rau txoj kev no tuaj yeem poob nws lub peev xwm thiab ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog kiag li.

Cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom tsis txhob muab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob nrog lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Txwv tsis pub, cov kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm lub cev tuaj yeem txhim kho lossis cov nyiaj yuav poob lawv cov txiaj ntsig.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio ciaj sia

Tus kab mob kis hnyav yog poliomyelitis, uas cuam tshuam rau lub hlwb thiab qaum qaum. Pathology ua rau kev puas tsuaj rau lub paj hlwb thiab tuag tes tuag taw. Nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj sia (OPV) uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tib neeg los ntawm tus kab mob phem no.

tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob qhuav qhuav
tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob qhuav qhuav

Cov khoom muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ua kua thiab yog npaj rau kev siv qhov ncauj. Nws muaj iab-s alty saj, thiab yog li ntawd, thaum instilled, nws raug nquahu kom tsis txhob tau txais cov tshuaj ntawm tus nplaig. Cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau mus rau cov tonsils (tsis muaj qhov saj), qhov chaw uas muaj kev tiv thaiv ruaj khov pib. Nws raug pom zoo kom txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob nyob tom qab siv qhov tsis muaj zog.

Raws li kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov kws tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj tag nrho peb hom kab mob polio, uas tso cai rau koj los tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm txhua qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm tus kab mob no. Cov tshuaj tsis tshua ua rau muaj teeb meem. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus niam txiv sim zam kom tsis txhob muab tshuaj tiv thaiv rau tus menyuam.

Nws ua haujlwm li cas?

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Sabin (OPV) tom qab noj tshuaj tseem nyob hauv txoj hnyuv tau ntev thiab ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob, zoo ib yam li cov uas yuav tshwm sim tom qab muaj mob. Kev txhaj tshuaj thawj zaug yog ua thaum muaj hnub nyoog 6 hli. Yav dhau los, cov menyuam mos tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog ob zaug - ntawm 3 thiab 4.5 lub hlis. Yog li ntawd, lawv yuav tsum pib tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tuaj yeem lees paub thiab tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio tseem txhawb kev tsim cov tshuaj interferon, uas tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.

Reviews

Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshawb fawb, nws tau pom tias OPV muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog. Cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom yuav tsum ua kom tiav cov sij hawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio tag nrho thiab yuav tsum siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj sia nyob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov niam txiv tsis maj nrawm pom zoo rau kev siv cov tshuaj no. Qhov no cuam tshuam nrog kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim cov kev mob tshwm sim: tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis poliomyelitis, ua npaws, quav quav, tsis hnov tsw ntawm ceg ceg, gait cuam tshuam.

txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio nyob
txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio nyob

Tau kawg, kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj sia tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tsis zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, cov xwm txheej zoo li no tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim. Cov me nyuam yug los nrog kev tiv thaiv kab mob, congenital pathologies ntawm lub plab zom mov, lossis muaj kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog, piv txwv li, tom qab kev txom nyem.mob hnyav. Hauv cov xwm txheej no, tsuas yog txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tau xwb.

Yuav ua li cas tiv thaiv koj tus kheej ntawm qhua pias?

Measles yog ib yam kab mob sib kis tau zoo heev uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau txhua tus, tsis hais poj niam los yog hnub nyoog. Nyob rau hauv thaum yau, pathology yog yooj yim dua rau zam. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias yuav pab tsim kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv ib leeg yog tsim los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom hauv tsev. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas ua los ntawm Indian kuj tseem suav tias muaj txiaj ntsig.

txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias
txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias

Cov khoom yog tsim los ntawm cov hmoov qhuav, uas yog diluted nrog cov kuab tshuaj tshwj xeeb. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiav tuaj yeem khaws cia tsis pub dhau ib teev. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob monovalent tso cai rau koj kom tsis txhob kis tus kab mob lossis hloov mus rau hauv daim ntawv me.

Kev txhaj tshuaj thawj zaug ib txwm qhia thaum muaj hnub nyoog 12-14 lub hlis. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau rov qhia dua thaum muaj hnub nyoog 6 xyoo. Muaj qhov ua tau ntawm lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tus kheej, uas yuav tsum tau muab tso ua ke los ntawm tus kws tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.

Contraindications thiab teeb meem

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis zoo ntawm lub cev rau kev qhia txog tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias yog cov tsos mob xws li ua npaws, ua pob khaus tawv nqaij, mob qog nqaij hlav, hnoos. Cov kws tshaj lij paub tseeb tias qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub cev tag nrho.

Cov menyuam yaus tsis tshua muaj cov tsos mob no. Feem ntau, kev tswj hwm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias nyob yog qhov ua tau zoo. Ua ntej txhaj tshuaj, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom tus kws kho mob tshuaj xyuas tus me nyuam (tus neeg mob laus) thiab tsis suav nrog contraindications (ntev thiab ib ntus). Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas tus neeg noj qab nyob zoo. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tsis txhob muab rau cov poj niam hauv txoj haujlwm, rau cov neeg muaj keeb kwm ntawm tuberculosis thiab teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yav dhau los.

Tshuaj tiv thaiv rubella

Lwm tus kab mob me nyuam yaus uas nyuaj heev rau cov neeg laus tiv taus yog rubella. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv (nyob) suav hais tias yog txoj kev tiv thaiv kab mob zoo tshaj plaws. Pathology yog qhov txaus ntshai tshwj xeeb rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub.

tshuaj tiv thaiv rubella nyob
tshuaj tiv thaiv rubella nyob

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj sia (ib leeg-ib qho) yog tsim los ntawm Croatian, Fabkis thiab Khab kws tshwj xeeb. Raws li kev txheeb xyuas, cov kev mob tshwm sim feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov neeg laus uas tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog. Ib me ntsis ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav, tsis muaj zog, ua npaws, ua pob khaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij ploj nyob rau hnub ob.

Cov neeg uas muaj kev fab tshuaj loj heev raug pom zoo kom nyob hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm cov kws tshaj lij tom qab kev tswj hwm tshuaj.

Pom zoo: