Mob qog noj ntshav zoo li cas? Cov tsos mob, kev kho mob ntawm tracheal cancer

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Mob qog noj ntshav zoo li cas? Cov tsos mob, kev kho mob ntawm tracheal cancer
Mob qog noj ntshav zoo li cas? Cov tsos mob, kev kho mob ntawm tracheal cancer

Video: Mob qog noj ntshav zoo li cas? Cov tsos mob, kev kho mob ntawm tracheal cancer

Video: Mob qog noj ntshav zoo li cas? Cov tsos mob, kev kho mob ntawm tracheal cancer
Video: Saib Mis paub Poj niam (hluas nkauj) tus yam ntxwv lub siab 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Cov qog nqaij hlav hauv lub ntsws tsis tshwm sim ntau zaus. Feem ntau lawv raug kuaj pom hauv cov txiv neej hnub nyoog 40-60 xyoo. Hauv cov poj niam, tracheal cancer tshwm sim tsawg dua. Hauv cov menyuam yaus, neoplasms hauv trachea yog qhov tsis zoo hauv 90% ntawm cov neeg mob.

Trachea. Qauv thiab piav qhia

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, txhawm rau nkag siab tias qhov twg muaj feem cuam tshuam, nws yuav tsum nkag siab tias lub trachea nws tus kheej yog dab tsi. Qhov no yog ib lub raj, qhov ntev ntawm yuav luag 11 cm, thiab txoj kab uas hla yog ntau tshaj 3 cm. Qhov pib ntawm lub trachea yog nyob rau hauv lub larynx, ces lub cev tom qab lub sternum descends. Nyob rau hauv lub trachea muab faib ua 2 raj hu ua bronchi.

mob qog noj ntshav
mob qog noj ntshav

Cov qauv ntawm lub trachea yog 18-22 ntom pob txha pob txha. Sab nraub qaum ntawm txhua lub nplhaib yog them nrog cov leeg thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Sab hauv ntawm lub trachea yog lined nrog ib tug mucous membrane. Ntawm kev tshoov siab, lub trachea nthuav dav thiab ntev dua, ntawm exhalation nws yuav siv sij hawm qhov loj me.

Ib tug me nyuam lub trachea me dua. Nws pib ntawm plaub centimeters thiab loj hlob raws li nws loj hlob.

Tumor types

Neoplasms tej zaum yuav zoo. Feem ntau hom yog:

  1. Chondroma. Cov no yog cov nodules nyob rau hauv lub cartilaginous rings ntawm lub trachea. Feem ntau qhov chawlocalization - larynx.
  2. Hemangioma. Qhov no yog kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg capillary overdeveloped.
  3. Papilloma. Neoplasms provoked los ntawm tib neeg papillomavirus. Lawv zoo li zaub paj. Qhov teeb meem tshwm sim tshaj plaws thaum yau.

Hais txog cov teeb meem ntawm kev ua pa, feem ntau lawv nco qab mob ntsws cancer. Oncology cuam tshuam trachea tsawg dua. Feem ntau, cov qog nqaij hlav hauv qab no tau kuaj pom ntawm no:

  1. Lub tog raj kheej. Malignant kev loj hlob ntawm epithelial hlwb ntawm cov qog mucous. Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb yog qhov nyiam rov qab los thiab metastasis. Qhov mob qog nqaij hlav tracheal no txhim kho qeeb. Tus neeg mob tuaj yeem nyob nrog cov qog nqaij hlav txog li 5 xyoos. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus kab mob ntev dua tau sau tseg.
  2. Squamous cell carcinoma. Cov qog tsim los ntawm sab lossis sab nraub qaum ntawm lub trachea. Kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav hauv 50% ntawm cov neeg mob yog hom no. Kev sib deev predisposition yog pom. Cov neeg mob nquag tshaj plaws yog cov txiv neej hnub nyoog tshaj 40 xyoo. Lub neej expectancy tsis kho yog 1-2 xyoos.
  3. Sarcoma. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm bifurcation ntawm lub trachea. Nws nyuaj rau kev kuaj mob, feem ntau nws tau txiav txim siab nyob rau theem tom ntej.
tracheal cov tsos mob
tracheal cov tsos mob

Los ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav me me thiab tsawg tsawg, muaj cov carcinoids, reticulosarcomas, neurofibromas, lymphogranulomatosis thiab lwm yam.

Txhob Cia Siab

Muaj ntau yam uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav. Cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob no tsis zoo li hem, tab sis yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb.los ntawm kev kho mob sab. Yog li, piv txwv li, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm ib tug zoo tib yam o, caws pliav tuaj yeem tshwm sim, ua rau kom nqaim (stenosis) ntawm lub trachea. Yog tias endoscopy tsis ua raws sijhawm, cov qog nqaij hlav tuaj yeem tsim.

Nyob rau hauv qee cov neeg mob, cov kwj dej uas txuas cov hlab pas thiab cov hlab pas txhim kho qhov txawv txav. Qhov tshwm sim yog ib qho fistula uas ua rau mob ntsws thiab mob tracheal. Lub cev txawv teb chaws nkag mus rau hauv lub trachea kuj yog ib qho kev pheej hmoo.

mob qog noj ntshav tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim qhov muag ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Qhov no hu ua tracheomalacia. Pathology feem ntau yog hais txog cov kab mob congenital, thiab yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tas li. Cov neeg laus raug kev txom nyem los ntawm qhov muag ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg vim kev haus luam yeeb ntev.

tracheal mob qog noj ntshav
tracheal mob qog noj ntshav

Nws yog qhov tsim nyog tsis quav ntsej qhov clamp ntawm lub plab. Qhov no ua rau nws ua tsis taus pa, thiab provokes kev loj hlob ntawm oncology. Txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov txaus ntshai, stenting yog ua.

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus txheej txheem mob qog noj ntshav

mob qog noj ntshav, cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob uas nyuaj rau kuaj pom thaum ntxov, muaj ob qho tib si tshwm sim thiab txawv. Cov cim qhia rau cov kab mob oncological suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

  • kub hloov pauv;
  • poob ceeb thawj;
  • kev tshaib plab;
  • faus;
  • tsis txaus siab rau lub neej.

Cov tsos mob hauv zos

Tshwj xeeb, thiaj li hu ua qhov tshwm sim hauv zos uas mob qog noj ntshav muab - cov tsos mob qhia tias tus kab mob tau tsim muaj ntau dua 8 lub hlis:

  1. Qhov ua tsis taus pa. Daim paib no qhia tau hais tias muaj ib qho tsim ua kom lub lumen ntawm lub trachea.
  2. Ib lub xeev ntawm suffocation. tshwm sim thaum pw, thaum so lossis pw tsaug zog. Ua rau tus neeg mob xis nyob thaum zaum xwb.
  3. hnoos qhuav qhuav. Cov tsos mob yuav pom tau tias yog ib qho tshwm sim ntawm bronchitis lossis hawb pob, tab sis tsis teb rau kev kho mob. hnoos hnyav dua nrog kev hloov ntawm lub cev.
  4. Sputum nrog tsw. Cov tsos mob lig dhau los uas qhia tias qog nqaij hlav.
  5. Nyuaj nqos. Nws qhia qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov qog nyob rau sab nraum qab ntawm lub trachea. Lub neoplasm loj hlob mus rau hauv txoj hlab pas, ncua zaub mov.
  6. Suab hloov. Hoarseness thiab hoarseness qhia tias cov hlab ntsha rov qab raug cuam tshuam.
  7. Lub suab nrov thaum ua pa. tshwm sim ntawm inhalation los yog exhalation.
  8. Ua pa nyuaj. Thaum pib ntawm tus txheej txheem, lub trachea muaj peev xwm nthuav dav ntawm kev tshoov siab, tab sis nrog qee qhov nyuaj. Nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer, qhov nyuaj nrog tsis yog nqus pa xwb, tab sis kuj exhalation.
tracheal mob ntsws cancer
tracheal mob ntsws cancer

Txhua tus tsos mob no tuaj yeem qhia tau rau tus kws kho mob, yog li lawv yuav tsum tau piav qhia hauv kev kuaj mob.

theem mob qog noj ntshav

Cov theem ntawm mob qog noj ntshav, zoo li lwm cov txheej txheem oncological, raug txiav txim siab raws li qhov loj ntawm neoplasm, muaj cov metastases, thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg puas. Muaj 4 theem nyob rau hauv tag nrho:

  1. qog loj txog 3 cm. Tsis muaj metastasis.
  2. qog loj hlob mus txog 6 cm. Metastasis rau cov qog ntshav nyob ze yog ua tau.
  3. Cov neoplasm loj dua 6 cm. Metastases tshwm.
  4. o tawm ntawm kev tswjloj hlob sab nraum lub cev. Ntau cov metastases tshwm sim, lub cev nyob deb ntawm qhov chaw pib yuav raug cuam tshuam.
Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob tracheal
Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob tracheal

Thaum thawj theem, mob qog noj ntshav (duab) tsis zoo li ntshai heev. Qhov no yog ib qho me me los yog nodule uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau ntau txoj hauv kev. Qhov siab dua theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, qhov nyuaj dua cov qog yog kho. Yog li ntawd, thaum cov tsos mob ntawm neoplasm tshwm sim, koj yuav tsum nrhiav kev pab tam sim ntawd. Nyob rau theem plaub, nws yuav luag tsis muaj peev xwm cawm tus neeg mob.

Kev kho mob

Kev xaiv kho mob rau mob qog noj ntshav nyob ntawm ntau yam. Tus kws kho mob yuav tsum txiav txim seb hom qog, txheeb xyuas nws qhov loj me, txiav txim siab txog theem ntawm kev loj hlob. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob thiab nws lub xeev ntawm kev noj qab haus huv ua ntej kev tshawb pom ntawm oncology raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Thaum cov qog, ob qho tib si malignant thiab benign, raug kuaj pom, kev tshem tawm kev phais yog suav tias yog qhov kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws. Cov lus no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau neoplasms, qhov loj ntawm qhov tsawg tshaj li ib nrab ntawm qhov loj ntawm lub trachea. Yog tias ua tau, tom qab kev phais raug mob, qhov ploj ntawm lub trachea rov qab los.

Kev kho mob qog noj ntshav tsis ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Hauv cov xwm txheej tsis zoo, kev siv tshuaj khomob ua ke nrog kev sib ntxiv ntawm carboplatin lossis nedaplatin nrog rau tib lub sijhawm raug hluav taws xob. Cov neeg mob ntawm tus kab mob no tsuas yog tso cai rau brachytherapy xwb.

theem ntawm tracheal cancer
theem ntawm tracheal cancer

Yog cov qog tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm, cescov hlab ntsha tau nthuav dav nrog ib lub raj tso rau hauv lub trachea. Qhov no hu ua trachiobronchial airway stent.

Kev kuaj mob li cas

Feem ntau, cov neeg mob paub tseeb tias lawv mus ntsib kws kho mob mob khaub thuas, mob ntsws lossis mob hawb pob. Yog tias tus kws kho mob tau txais qhov laj thawj ua rau tsis ntseeg tus neeg mob tus mob, ces nws yuav muab tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ntxiv. Feem ntau cov no yog cov txheej txheem hauv qab no:

  1. Laryngoscopy, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas qhov neoplasm nyob rau hauv lub trachea sab sauv.
  2. Tracheotomy, uas tso cai rau koj los tshuaj xyuas lub xeev sab hauv ntawm lub trachea los ntawm kev txiav me me.
  3. X-ray nrog qhov sib txawv los txiav txim qhov chaw ntawm cov qog.
  4. Biopsy, uas muaj nyob rau hauv tau txais cov qauv ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav rau histology thiab cytology.

Rau qhov kev kuaj pom tseeb dua, MRI lossis CT ua tiav.

Kev tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav

Kev tiv thaiv kab mob yog yooj yim dua li kho nws. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias ib tug neeg yuav tsum muaj lub tswv yim txog qhov muaj lossis tsis muaj HPV hauv lub cev, peb tab tom tham txog tib neeg papillomavirus, uas muaj qhov txaus ntshai ntawm degenerating rau hauv cov txheej txheem oncological. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ntshaw kom tso tseg kev haus luam yeeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab plaub caug xyoo, thaum lub cev reacts ntau sharply rau sab nraud influences. Kev haus luam yeeb yog contraindicated nruj me ntsis rau cov neeg uas tau raug kev txom nyem lwm yam mob cancer. Kev tiv thaiv zoo heev ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer mis yog kev ua si lub cev, taug kev, kev tawm dag zog tsis tu ncua, kev noj zaub mov kom raug thiab ua raws li qee qhov kev ua neej.

Kev kho mob qog noj ntshav tracheal
Kev kho mob qog noj ntshav tracheal

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom npau taws thiab tiv thaiv kab mob ntsws thiab mob hawb pob. Kev tshawb pom ntxov thiab kho cov kab mob ua pa. Ib xyoos ib zaug, txhua tus neeg yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob tiv thaiv, yog tias xav tias muaj kab mob, yuav xa mus rau tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb.

Kev kwv yees kho mob

Yuav ua kom muaj kev cia siab rau kev rov zoo, tus kws kho mob yuav tsum xav txog ntau yam. Cov qauv histological ntawm kev tsim, qib ntawm blockage ntawm lub lumen ntawm lub trachea, lub siab nyiam rov qab los, kev tsis saib xyuas ntawm cov txheej txheem raug soj ntsuam. Txawm hais tias muaj tseeb tias mob qog noj ntshav yog qhov txaus ntshai heev, nrog rau kev kho raws sijhawm, kev rov zoo tuaj yeem ua tau.

Yog tias tus neeg mob xav tias muaj mob qog noj ntshav, cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas. Tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas, tom qab ntawd tus kws kho mob yuav tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas qhov tseeb thiab kho qhov tsim nyog. Tsis txhob hnov qab tias kev kho tus kab mob thaum ntxov tau zoo dua.

Pom zoo: