Ntshav qog nqaij hlav ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev tsim thiab ua haujlwm ntawm cov qe ntshav. Cov txheej txheem malignant feem ntau pib hauv cov pob txha. Cov pob txha pob txha stem cells loj hlob tuaj thiab loj hlob mus rau hauv ib qho ntawm peb hom qe ntshav: cov qe ntshav liab, cov qe ntshav dawb, lossis platelets. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug kab mob oncological, cov txheej txheem ntawm ib txwm cellular txoj kev loj hlob yog cuam tshuam vim lub uncontrolled kev loj hlob ntawm pathological hlwb hlwb. Cov no yog cov qog nqaij hlav cancer uas cuam tshuam nrog cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntshav. Tshwj xeeb, cov txheej txheem los tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob thiab tiv thaiv los ntshav hnyav raug ua txhaum cai.
Ntau yam
Muaj peb yam tseem ceeb ntawm oncological pathologies, suav nrog hu ua "ntshav qog noj ntshav". Cov tsos mob (cov cim qhia), kev kho mob thiab kev kho kom rov zoo yog nyob ntawm hom kev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab theem ntawm tus kab mob.
- Leukemia. Hauv cov kab mob no, cov qog nqaij hlav cancer muaj nyob hauv cov ntshav thiab cov pob txha. Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb yog tsub zuj zuj ntawm pathologically hloov cov qe ntshav dawb (leukocytes). Nce lawv tus lejua rau lub cev tsis muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov qe ntshav liab thiab platelets.
- Lymphoma. Hom mob qog noj ntshav no cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob lymphatic, uas yog lub luag haujlwm tshem tawm cov kua dej ntau dhau ntawm lub cev thiab tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Lymphocytes yog ib hom qe ntshav dawb uas tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov lymphocytes txawv txav tig mus rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav lymphoma, uas sib npaug thiab sib sau hauv cov qog ntshav thiab lwm cov ntaub so ntswg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov qog nqaij hlav no ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog.
- YMyeloma. Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav plasma - cov qe ntshav dawb lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kab mob. Mob qog noj ntshav ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog, ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog.
Leukemia yog mob qog noj ntshav ntawm cov ntshav tsim cov ntaub so ntswg, suav nrog cov pob txha pob txha thiab lymphatic system.
Muaj ntau hom kab mob no. Qee qhov muaj ntau dua rau cov menyuam yaus, lwm tus neeg laus.
Cov tsos mob ntawm cov ntshav qog ntshav hauv cov neeg laus (leukemia) txawv nyob ntawm seb hom kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus yam ntxwv tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv, ntawm cov no yog:
- kub lossis txias;
- mob nkees thiab qaug zog;
- nquag lossis mob hnyav;
- poob phaus tsis tau piav qhia;
- mob qog nqaij hlav, lub siab loj lossis tus po;
- xav los ntshav thiab nqaij tawv;
- pom cov pob liab liab ntawm daim tawv nqaij (petechiae);
- nce ntxivtawm hws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum hmo ntuj;
- pob txha;
- pob txha fragility.
Nco ntsoov nrog tus kws kho mob yog tias muaj cov tsos mob saum toj no thab koj.
Cov tsos mob ntawm leukemia feem ntau tsis muaj qhov meej thiab meej. Lawv tuaj yeem saib tau yooj yim lossis raug suav tias yog mob khaub thuas.
Ntawm lub sijhawm tsis tshua muaj, qhov kev sim ua kom kuaj pom lwm tus mob qhia pom tias mob qog noj ntshav. Ua rau, cov tsos mob (cov cim qhia), kev kho mob thiab kev kho mob zoo li no yog tus kheej.
Risk Factor
Muaj ntau yam uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim qee yam kab mob leukemia. Cov no suav nrog cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:
- Kho ntau hom mob qog noj ntshav. Leukemia tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau cov neeg mob uas tau kawm tiav chav kawm xov tooj cua lossis kws khomob.
- Genetic pathologies. Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntau ntxiv ntawm kev tsim kab mob leukemia nrog cov kab mob caj ces xws li Down syndrome.
- raug rau qee yam tshuaj. Qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb yog benzene, uas yog ib feem ntawm roj av.
- Kev haus luam yeeb. Kev haus luam yeeb ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim mob qog noj ntshav myeloid leukemia.
- Tsev neeg keeb kwm ntawm leukemia. Zoo li ntau yam kab mob, leukemia tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm ib yam kab mob.
Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua tus neeg hauv pab pawg muaj kev pheej hmoo kis mob leukemia. Hloov pauv, cov neeg mob oncologist feem ntau tsis paub tias lawv muaj feem yuav mob qog noj ntshav. Cov tsos mob ntawm cov poj niam muaj ntau txoj hauv kev zoo ib yam li cov tsos mob ntawm hormonal tsis ua hauj lwm los yog kis kab mob.
Myeloma
Myeloma (nrog rau ntau yam) yog mob qog noj ntshav ntawm cov ntshav plasma. Cov hlwb no pab tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas paub txog thiab rhuav tshem cov kab mob.
Myeloma ua rau muaj kev sib txuam ntawm cov kab mob hloov pauv hauv cov pob txha, uas lawv maj mam tawm ntawm cov hlwb noj qab haus huv. Hloov chaw tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo, cov qog nqaij hlav qog noj ntshav tsim cov protein ntau txawv txav uas tom qab ua rau muaj teeb meem rau lub raum.
Myeloma tsis tas yuav muaj kev kho mob tshwj tsis yog tus neeg mob tsis muaj tsos mob. Yog tias muaj cov tsos mob tshwm sim, tus kws kho mob tau sau cov txheej txheem thiab cov tshuaj uas txo cov tsos mob ntawm hom mob qog noj ntshav no.
Nyob rau theem pib ntawm tus kab mob, feem ntau tsis muaj cov tsos mob ntawm cov qog ntshav hauv cov neeg laus. Tom qab ntawd, cov xwm txheej hauv qab no yuav tshwm sim:
- poob qab los;
- faus;
- huab ntawm kev nco qab lossis kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv lub sijhawm thiab qhov chaw;
- mob pob txha, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab lossis hauv siab;
- nausea;
- cem quav;
- mob ntau zaus;
- poob phaus;
- qaug zog lossis loog ceg;
- xav nqhis ntau heev.
Risk Factor
Cov xwm txheej hauv qab no ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim myeloma:
- Hnub nyoog. Feem ntau, tus kab mob no tau kuaj pom hauv cov neeg mob hnub nyoog 60-70 xyoo.
- Txiv neej. Cov tsos mob (cov cim qhia) ntawm cov ntshav qog noj ntshav hauvpoj niam tshwm sim tsawg dua txiv neej.
- Negroid haiv neeg. Cov neeg tawv dub yog ob zaug yuav muaj myeloma li Caucasians.
- Muaj kev kuaj mob ntawm "monoclonal gammopathy ntawm qhov tsis paub etiology" hauv keeb kwm kho mob. Ib feem pua ntawm cov neeg mob uas muaj tus kab mob ntshav plasma no tom qab raug mob qog noj ntshav.
Lymphoma
Lymphoma yog mob qog noj ntshav ntawm lymphatic system tsim los tiv thaiv kab mob.
Cov kab mob lymphatic suav nrog cov qog ntshav qog ntshav (lymph glands), spleen, thymus caj pas, thiab cov pob txha pob txha. Mob qog noj ntshav tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tag nrho cov ntsiab lus no, nrog rau lwm yam kabmob hauv lub cev.
Muaj ntau yam kab mob no, tab sis feem ntau nws muab faib ua ob hom:
- Hodgkin's lymphoma.
- Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Kev kho mob nyob ntawm hom thiab theem ntawm tus mob qog noj ntshav thiab qhov xav tau ntawm tus neeg mob. Feem ntau siv yog radiotherapy, chemotherapy, tshuaj kho biological, thiab qia cell transplantation, uas pab tiv thaiv cov ntshav qog noj ntshav. Qhov ua rau, cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob ntawm tus kab mob yog txiav txim los ntawm tus kheej.
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Tus kab mob no tau hu ua Hodgkin's disease. Hom mob qog noj ntshav no tau kuaj pom tias yog kev loj hlob txawv txav ntawm cov hlwb hauv cov kab mob lymphatic uas tuaj yeem kis tau dhau ntawm cov kab mob lymphatic. Raws li tus kab mob no zuj zus, lub cev muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kab mob tsis zoo.
Txoj kev tshiab ntawm kev kuaj mob thiab kev kho mobHodgkin's lymphomas muab cov neeg mob nrog qhov kev kuaj mob no vam tias yuav rov zoo tag nrho. Tam sim no, qhov kev kwv yees tseem txhim kho.
Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau tshawb pom thiab kho tus kab mob raws sijhawm, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb rau cov tsos mob tseem ceeb hauv qab no ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav (Hodgkin's lymphoma):
- mob tsis mob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav hauv caj dab, caj dab lossis puab tais.
- Nyob ntev.
- kub lossis txias.
- tawm hws ntau heev thaum hmo ntuj (hmo ntuj flushes).
- poob phaus tsis tau piav qhia (kaum feem pua lossis ntau dua ntawm lub cev hnyav).
- Poob qab los.
- Ib yam.
- Ntaus rhiab rau cawv lossis mob hauv cov qog ntshav tom qab haus cawv.
Risk Factor
Dab tsi tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav? Cov yam ntxwv uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim Hodgkin's lymphoma suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
- Hnub nyoog. Hom mob qog noj ntshav no kuaj pom hauv cov neeg mob hnub nyoog 15 txog 30 xyoo, nrog rau cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog 55 xyoo.
- Tsev neeg keeb kwm ntawm lymphoma. Yog tias ib tus txheeb ze raug kuaj pom muaj lymphoma ntawm txhua hom (ob leeg Hodgkin thiab tsis yog-Hodgkin's), tus neeg mob muaj kev pheej hmoo, vim nws tuaj yeem muaj ntshav qog noj ntshav. Cov tsos mob ntawm cov poj niam feem ntau yog tus yam ntxwv txaus thiab tso cai rau kev kuaj mob sai li sai tau.
- Gender. Hauv cov txiv neej, tus kab mob no tshwm sim me ntsis ntau dua li cov poj niam.
- Passed Epstein-Barr tus kab mob. kab mob,tshwm sim los ntawm tus kab mob Epstein-Barr (xws li kis kab mob mononucleosis) ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim Hodgkin's lymphoma.
- Tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob. Qhov kev pheej hmoo siab dua yog tias tus neeg mob tau kuaj pom tias muaj HIV / AIDS lossis yog tus neeg mob tau hloov pauv hauv nruab nrog cev uas xav tau tshuaj los tiv thaiv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Nyob rau hauv non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, cov qog tsim los ntawm lymphocytes - cov qe ntshav dawb.
Tus kab mob no muaj ntau dua li Hodgkin's lymphoma. Raws li kev txheeb cais, feem ntau subtypes ntawm cov ntshav qog ntshav no yog diffuse loj B-cell lymphoma (DLCL) thiab follicular lymphoma.
Nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tam sim no cov qog ntshav ntshav los ntawm cov cim qhia. Cov tsos mob ntawm cov poj niam, ib yam li cov txiv neej, muaj xws li cov hauv qab no:
- Tsis mob o ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav hauv caj dab, caj dab, lossis puab tais.
- Mob lossis mob hauv plab.
- mob hauv siab, hnoos lossis ua pa nyuaj.
- Nyob.
- nce lub cev kub.
- tawm hws ntau heev thaum hmo ntuj (hmo ntuj flushes).
- poob phaus.
Risk Factor
Qee qhov xwm txheej tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov qog ntshav qog ntshav tsis yog Hodgkin. Ntawm lawv:
- Noj cov tshuaj uas ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog. Cov tshuaj ntawm hom no yog siv los hloov lub cev.
- Kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm qee yam kab mob thiab kab mob. Cov kab mob cuam tshuam nrog kev loj hlobNon-Hodgkin's lymphoma suav nrog HIV thiab Epstein-Barr kab mob. Ntawm cov kab mob, Helicobacter pylori yog suav tias yog qhov txaus ntshai, ua rau lub plab thiab duodenal rwj.
- raug tshuaj lom neeg. Qee cov tshuaj, suav nrog cov siv los tua kab thiab nroj tsuag, tsis tshua ua rau mob qog noj ntshav. Cov poj niam yuav pom cov tsos mob sai dua li cov txiv neej.
- Laus. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau txhua lub hnub nyoog, tab sis feem ntau kuaj pom hauv cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 60.
Hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav tau ua kwv yees li txhua peb feeb. Txhua kaum feeb, ib tug neeg Amelikas tuag ntawm leukemia, myeloma, lossis lymphoma, lossis txog 152 tus neeg ib hnub.
Ntau tshaj 310,000 tus neeg nyob hauv Asmeskas tau nyob nrog kev kuaj mob leukemia, ze li 731,000 tau raug kho rau Hodgkin's lossis non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, thiab 89,000 tab tom tawm tsam myeloma. Qhov kev kwv yees yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau Caucasians.
