Nyob rau nruab nrab hnub nyoog, muaj ib txoj kev nthuav kom paub seb tus neeg puas txhaum los tsis tau. Nws raug muab sim ua mov qhuav. Yog hais tias ib tug neeg nqos tsis tau, ces nws raug pom tias nws ua txhaum. Tam sim no nws nyuaj rau ntseeg, tab sis txoj kev no yog ua raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qog qaub ncaug. Peb tsab xov xwm yuav mob siab rau lub ntsiab lus no.
Cov qauv ntawm tib neeg lub plab zom mov
Tib neeg lub plab zom mov yog sawv cev los ntawm ob ntu. Qhov no yog los ntawm "tube", uas yog hu ua lub plab zom mov, thiab qog. Cov tom kawg secrete tshwj xeeb tshuaj - enzymes. Lawv ua kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, uas ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom noj hauv lub cev. Muaj peb hom qog nqaij hlav hauv tib neeg lub cev. Thawj yog salivary. Lawv nyob hauv lub qhov ncauj.
Cov qog ua kua qaub ua haujlwm yog dab tsi? Lawv muab cov khoom noj thawj zaug. Txawm hais tias cov enzymes uas qaub ncaug muaj peev xwm tsuas zom cov carbohydrates nyuaj rau hauv cov yooj yim dua.
Nyob hauv lub qhov ncauj
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qog qaub ncaug pib ua haujlwm nkaus xwbtom qab cov zaub mov raug txheeb xyuas hauv qhov ncauj kab noj hniav kom saj thiab kub. Qhov no tshwm sim nrog kev pab los ntawm rhiab formations nyob rau hauv lub mucous daim nyias nyias - receptors.
Ib zaug nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj, zaub mov yog wetted thiab mechanically processed los ntawm cov hniav. Hauv tib neeg, lawv sib txawv. Nyob ntawm cov qauv, cov duab thiab kev ua haujlwm, incisors, canines, me thiab loj molars yog txawv. Cov tshuaj ua zaub mov nrog qaub ncaug kuj tshwm sim ntawm no.
qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qog qaub ncaug
Tus txiv neej muaj peb khub ntawm cov qog qaub ncaug loj: parotid, submandibular thiab sublingual. Thawj yog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm zom cov nqaij. Nyob rau hauv lawv thickness dhau lub ntsej muag paj hlwb, carotid hlab ntsha thiab leeg. Hauv cheeb tsam sublingual, ducts ntawm cov qog submandibular qhib. Lawv muab los ntawm cov ceg ntawm lub ntsej muag hlab ntsha. Cov hyoids yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm cov npe. Lawv nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm lub quav ntawm tib lub npe. Cov qog ua kua qaub me muaj xws li palatine, lingual, labial, molar, thiab buccal qog. Qhov chaw ntawm lawv lub zos yog cov mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm qhov ncauj kab noj hniav.
Cov haujlwm ntawm cov qog qaub ncaug hauv kev zom zaub mov yog txiav txim siab feem ntau los ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg uas lawv tsim los ntawm, uas yog, glandular epithelium. Cov ntaub so ntswg no yog tsim los ntawm cov me me, nruj nreem ntim. Ua tsaug rau cov qauv no, ib qho kev thaiv ntuj tsim los ntawm lub cev thiab ib puag ncig.
Kab qaub ncaug
Vim cov qog qaub ncaug ua haujlwm ua cov dej noo thiab thawjdigestion ntawm cov zaub mov, lawv secretion muaj xws li dej thiab ntau yam enzymes. Raws li nws lub cev muaj zog, qaub ncaug yog cov kua nplaum nplaum. Nws yog dej uas tsim nws lub hauv paus, tuav ntau tshaj 98% ntawm tag nrho cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Enzymes, uas suav nrog amylase, m altase thiab lysozyme, zom cov carbohydrates. Lub mucous sib xws ntawm cov qaub ncaug yog muab los ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb - mucin. Cov tshuaj hormone parotin muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Nws kuj pom muaj nyob hauv cov qaub ncaug thiab tuaj yeem ntxiv dag zog rau cov hniav enamel.
Mineral thiab organic tshuaj tau tso tawm tas li mus rau hauv qhov ncauj kab noj hniav. Thawj pab pawg muaj xws li sodium, potassium, calcium, silicon, magnesium, tooj liab ions, nrog rau lawv cov chlorides, carbonates thiab phosphates. Cov khoom xyaw organic ntawm qaub ncaug yog cov proteins, enzymes, cov tshuaj hormones thiab vitamins.
Tab sis qhov feem pua ntawm cov ntsiab lus no tsis tas li. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qaub ncaug tuaj yeem sib txawv nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog, lub xeev ntawm kev noj qab haus huv, cov khoom noj muaj pes tsawg leeg, thiab muaj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo hauv tus neeg. Piv txwv li, cov neeg haus luam yeeb muaj ntau dua qib ntawm thiocyanate, txij li cov khoom no neutralizes co toxins ntawm luam yeeb. Raws li ib tug neeg muaj hnub nyoog, cov ntsiab lus ntawm magnesium thiab calcium hauv qaub ncaug nce.
Lysozyme
Lub npe thib ob ntawm cov tshuaj no yog muramidase. Nws belongs rau pawg ntawm hydrolysis enzymes. Ntxiv rau cov qaub ncaug, lysozyme muaj nyob rau hauv cov kua dej lacrimal, hauv ob sab phlu ntawm txoj hnyuv, nasopharyngeal mucus, ntshav, siab, thiab pob txha mos. Feem ntau nws yog nyob rau hauv cov kua mis. Qhov tseeb nthuav yog tias nyob rau hauv tib neeg cov tshuaj no ntau dua li nyob rau hauv nyuj. ThiabThaum lub sij hawm, tus nqi ntawm lysozyme nyob rau hauv cov mis nyuj tsuas nce.
Muramidase tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov phab ntsa ntawm cov kab mob. Qhov no piav qhia nws cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Qe dawb kuj yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv lysozyme. Ntawm cov nroj tsuag kab mob, horseradish, turnip, cabbage thiab radish muaj cov tshuaj no.
Amylase thiab m altase
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov enzymes ntawm cov qog qaub ncaug yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, tso tawm secrets rau kev tawg ntawm polysaccharides. Muaj li tsib caug ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv tag nrho. Cov thawj coj yog amylase thiab m altase.
Cov carbohydrates nyuaj tseem hu ua suab thaj. Tab sis qhov no tsis txhais hais tias lawv qab zib hauv saj. Yog li, tag nrho cov khoom noj ntawm tsob ntoo keeb kwm yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv polysaccharides. Tab sis thaum lawv sib cais, qhov qab zib tau hnov. Qhov tshwm sim no yog vim qhov tseeb tias monosaccharides, lossis cov suab thaj yooj yim, tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm no. Lawv muaj qab zib.
Vim li cas cov zaub mov cog zom sai sai? Qhov tseeb yog tias cov qaub ncaug enzymes pib zom cov carbohydrates uas twb muaj lawm hauv lub qhov ncauj. Tab sis cov protein thiab carbohydrates zom rau hauv monomers nkaus xwb hauv plab. Carbohydrates tau txais qhov ntawd twb sib cais thiab npaj rau kev nqus. Yog li ntawd, cov zaub mov cog tau pab txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plab zom mov.
Cov khoom ntawm qaub ncaug enzymes tam sim no tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam. Piv txwv li, amylase, uas muaj poov xab, yog ntxiv rau cov khoom bakery los txhim kho lawv cov khoom zoo. Thiab lawv lub xub ntiag nyob rau hauv cov hmoov ntxhua khaub ncaws txiav txim siab muaj peev xwm ua kom cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab sai sai.
Mucine
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qog ua kua qaub kuj yog txhawm rau moisten lub qhov ncauj thiab cov khoom noj. Nws yog ua los ntawm mucin. Cov tshuaj no kuj hu ua mucus. Tab sis qhov tseeb, nws yog ib tug complex protein, uas, ntxiv rau cov amino acids, muaj xws li carbohydrates. Mucin ua rau qaub ncaug vim nws muaj peev xwm khaws tau dej. Nws envelops cov chewed lumps ntawm cov zaub mov, ua rau lawv muaj peev xwm mus ntxiv dhau los ntawm lub digestive ib ntsuj av. Tsis tas li ntawd, hnoos qeev kuj muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Nws tiv thaiv cov kab mob los ntawm kev txuas mus rau lub qhov ncauj mucosa, nrog rau lawv cov tsub zuj zuj hauv nws cov kab noj hniav.
How salivation tshwm sim
Cov txheej txheem ntawm salivation tshwm sim reflexively. Thaum noj mov, zaub mov irritates lub receptors ntawm tus nplaig thiab qhov ncauj kab noj hniav. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, paj hlwb impulses yog tsim, uas, los ntawm rhiab fibers, nkag mus rau lub medulla oblongata. Muaj ib qho chaw ntawm salivation. Los ntawm nws, cov impulses rov qab mus rau cov qog. Yog li ntawd, cov qaub ncaug tawm. Rau ib hnub, ib tug neeg tsim txog li 1.5 litres ntawm nws. Salivation rau cov zaub mov uas ncaj qha nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov ncauj yog hu ua unconditioned reflex.
Tab sis nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim yam tsis muaj khoom noj. Piv txwv li, cov qaub ncaug tuaj yeem tso tawm ntawm ib tus neeg thaum lawv pom cov zaub mov nws tus kheej lossis nws cov duab, hnov nws, lossis txawm xav txog nws. Cia li nco ntsoov tias qaub txiv qaub zoo li cas. Qhov no tam sim ntawd yuav ua rau qaub ncaug ntws. Tab sis nws yuav twb conditioned reflex.
Nws tsim nyog hais tias thaum pw tsaug zog, qaub ncaug tsis tawm. Txo nwstus naj npawb thiab thaum muaj kev ntxhov siab hnyav, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev siv tshuaj loog, lub cev qhuav dej, lub paj hlwb, lub cev tsis muaj zog, lub raum tsis ua haujlwm thiab ntshav qab zib.
Tseem muaj ib tug kab mob nyob rau hauv uas cov qaub ncaug tsis txaus. Nws hu ua xerostomia. Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob no yog lub qhov ncauj qhuav, ntau viscosity ntawm qaub ncaug, insensitivity rau saj ntawm zaub mov, mob thaum nqos thiab tham.
Ncua zaub mov
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qog qaub ncaug, uas tau ua nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txav tau cov zaub mov ntxiv. Los ntawm lub sij hawm cov zaub mov yog nqos, nws twb mechanically crushed, moistened thiab ib feem cais. Tom qab ntawd, tus nplaig thawb cov khoom noj bolus mus rau hauv caj pas. Nws nkag mus rau hauv txoj hlab pas li cas? Qhov no tshwm sim vim yog contractions ntawm cov leeg ntawm tus nplaig thiab pharynx. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, qhov nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsws yog kaw los ntawm cov pob txha mos epiglottic. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov phab ntsa ntawm txoj hlab pas kuj tau cog lus thiab cov pob txav mus rau qhov nthuav dav tshaj plaws ntawm cov kabmob no - lub plab.
Yog li, lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov qog ntshav ntawm tib neeg yog raws li hauv qab no:
- enzymatic - splitting complex carbohydrates rau hauv yooj yim sawv daws yuav;
- tiv thaiv - tsis muaj kab mob ntawm cov kab mob, kho ntawm qhov ncauj mucosa, tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm cov hniav enamel, tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam rau cov organic acids;
- digestive - ntub thiab muag zaub;
- hormonal - ua kom cov ntxhia hauv cov ntaub so ntswg tawv;
- cleansing - ntxuav tawm thiab tshem tawm ntawm qhov ncauj kab noj hniavcov khoom txawv teb chaws, cov khoom khib nyiab, cov kab mob thiab cov co toxins.
