Muaj ntau hom tshuaj. Thiab ib qho ntawm qhov dav tshaj plaws yog pab pawg ntawm cov tshuaj galenic. Kev npaj ntawm ntau yam no yog qhov txawv ntawm lawv cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm tus txheeb ze ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim.
Definition
Kev npaj tshuaj ntsuab yog cov uas tau txais los ntawm cov zaub (cov hauv paus, ntsuab loj, paj, noob) lossis tsiaj cov ntaub ntawv raw los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb txhawm rau kom tau txais txoj cai nquag thiab tshem tawm cov khoom tsis tsim nyog ballast. Feem ntau, rau kev tsim cov khoom zoo li no, kev siv thev naus laus zis yog siv los ntawm cov khoom noj uas siv cov tshuaj xws li cawv, dej lossis ether. Kev siv tshuaj nyob rau hauv pab pawg no yog tso cai tsuas yog hais lus xwb. Qee qhov ntawm lawv yuav raug npaj rau kev siv sab nraud.
Ntxiv rau cov tshuaj galenic, kev lag luam tshuaj niaj hnub no tseem tsim cov tshuaj galenic tshiab. Hauv kev tsim cov khoom lag luam, cov thev naus laus zis tshwj xeeb heev tau siv, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm kom tau txais lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov zaub thiabtsiaj raw cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv yuav luag dawb huv daim ntawv - tsis muaj lwm yam tsis tsim nyog tshuaj. Kev npaj ntawm pab pawg no raug tso cai siv, suav nrog kev txhaj tshuaj.
keeb kwm me ntsis
Tam sim no, rau kev kho mob ntawm tib neeg feem ntau yog siv tshuaj. Galenic thiab novogalenical tshuaj, txawm li cas los xij, tsis ntev los no tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam. Cov tshuaj ntawm no ntau yam tau muab lub npe raws li ancient Roman philosopher thiab kws kho mob Galen. Nws yog tus naturalist uas yog thawj zaug twv tias nws tsis yog tshuaj ntsuab lawv tus kheej uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tib neeg lub cev, tab sis tsuas yog qee yam tshuaj uas ua rau lawv. K. Galen, ntawm lwm yam, kuj muaj kev tshawb fawb txog cov tshuaj xws li tshuaj, uas rau hnub no yog lub hauv paus ntawm tag nrho cov kev taw qhia hauv khw muag tshuaj.
Tus kws kho mob qub no tau npaj los ntawm cov nroj tsuag dej. Txawm li cas los xij, me ntsis tom qab, cov kws kho mob pom tias tsis yog txhua yam tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem yaj hauv nws. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau cais txoj cai nquag, cov kws muag tshuaj thaum ub kuj tau pib siv cawv.
Kev faib tawm
Ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj galenic yog lawv qhov sib txawv hauv cov khoom xyaw thiab kev ua tshuaj. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau cais cov tshuaj no.
Feem ntau, hauv cov ntawv tshwj xeeb, kev npaj tshuaj ntsuab tau muab faib ua ob pawg loj - rho tawm, kev daws teeb meem thiab sib xyaw. Cov pab pawg thawj cov tshuaj suav nrog, piv txwv li, tinctures, formulations,muab rho tawm los ntawm cov qog secretory, glycosides, vitamins, alkaloids. Cov pab pawg ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem thiab cov khoom sib xyaw suav nrog:
- syrups;
- tshuaj tau los ntawm kev ua kom qhuav qhuav;
- xov xab npum thiab xab npum-cresol khoom.
Tsis tas li, tshuaj ntsuab tuaj yeem faib raws li cov khoom siv raw. Hauv qhov no, lawv paub qhov txawv:
- khoom npaj (tau los ntawm cov khoom siv tsiaj);
- phytopreparations;
- tshuaj complex tshuaj.
Pab pawg ntawm phytopreparations, tig, suav nrog:
- extracts;
- tinctures;
- concentrates-extracts;
- roj rho tawm;
- khoom tshiab galenic;
- npaj los ntawm cov nroj tsuag tshiab (tsuas yog muab rho tawm thiab kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo).
Dab tsi yog Extract
Nws yog cov tshuaj no uas yog pab pawg tseem ceeb thiab feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuab. Lawv yog cov extracts uas muaj concentrated heev los ntawm cov nroj tsuag tshuaj. Qhov sib xws ntawm cov kev npaj yuav ua tau ob qho tib si kua thiab khoom los yog khov. Cov tshuaj tuaj yeem raug hu ua ib qho extract tsuas yog tias qhov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj nquag hauv nws yog sib npaug los yog ntau dua li qhov sib piv ntawm cov nroj tsuag tshuaj nws tus kheej.
Cov kua dej npaj ntawm pab pawg no yog cov kua dej cawv tau txais hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 1: 1. Qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj zoo li no yog qhov sib piv ntawm qhov sib txawvcov khoom xyaw nquag thiab yooj yim ntawm kev ntsuas. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov kua rho tawm yog suav tias tsuas yog nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom muaj feem xyuam.
Thick npaj ntawm no ntau yam yog concentrated cawv extracts los yog ethereal extracts. Cov dej noo hauv cov khoom hnyav yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 25%, thiab qhov seem ntawm qhov hnyav - tsawg kawg yog 70%.
Cov khoom qhuav qhuav yog hu ua hmoov lossis spongy ntxeem tau. Cov dej noo hauv cov kev npaj yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 5%, thiab qhuav residue - tsawg kawg yog 95%. Qee zaum, ntau yam excipients los yog rho tawm ntawm qhov sib txawv concentration yog tov nrog xws li masses.
Thick thiab qhuav npaj muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li kev npaj ua kua. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv yooj yim rau kev thauj mus los. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv tuab yog tias nyob rau hauv qee qhov xwm txheej lawv tuaj yeem qhuav tawm lossis, hloov pauv, ua ntub dej thiab deteriorate.
Ntxiv rau qhov tuab, khoom thiab kua tshuaj ntsuab npaj, kev lag luam niaj hnub tseem tsim:
- extracts-concentrates siv los ua infusions thiab decoctions;
- roj rho tawm.
Txoj kev kom tau txais cov rho tawm
Cov tshuaj ntsuab ntau tshaj plaws no tuaj yeem ua tau siv ob lub thev naus laus zis:
- by static extraction;
- by dynamic.
Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, cov khoom siv raw yog nchuav nrog cov extractant ib ntus. Tom qab ntawd nws raug tiv thaiv rau qee lub sijhawm. Txoj kev zoo ntawm kev tau txais cov tshuaj muaj xws li kev txav mus los ntawm cov extractant, lossis nws qhov kev hloov pauv tas li.
Feem ntau, txoj kev zoo li qub yog siv kom tau txais kev npaj tshuaj ntsuab. Qhov no yooj yim technology muaj nws cov hauv paus hniav nyob rau hauv lub mists ntawm lub sij hawm. Ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv ancient Rome thiab niaj hnub no, piv txwv li, xws li ib tug yooj yim txheej txheem li maceration yog feem ntau siv los ua extracts. Tsis tas li, cov tshuaj ntawm pab pawg no tuaj yeem tau txais:
- los ntawm turbo extraction;
- siv ultrasound;
- nyob rau hauv lub lim centrifuge;
- dhau ntawm qhov hluav taws xob siab siab.
Tseem muaj ib txoj hauv kev zoo li qub ntawm kev npaj tshuaj ntsuab ua remaceration.
Los ntawm dynamic technologies nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov tshuaj ntawm pab pawg neeg no, percolation feem ntau yog siv - nruam pom cov extractant los ntawm ib tug txheej ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv.
Tshuaj ntsuab tshuaj ntsuab
Ntawm no kuj yog ib pab pawg neeg muaj tshuaj zoo. Tinctures yog hu ua kua cawv extracts tau los ntawm qhuav los yog tshiab tsiaj los yog zaub raw cov ntaub ntawv.
Raws li cov tshuaj tua kab mob rau cov tshuaj no, cov tshuaj dej cawv nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm 30 txog 95% feem ntau yog siv. Tinctures feem ntau yog npaj los ntawm percolation. Cov thev naus laus zis no suav nrog ntau theem tseem ceeb:
- soak raw khoom;
- insisting;
- filtering cov extractant los ntawm ib txheej ntawm raw khoom.
txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv
Known galenictshuaj rau noob neej, yog li, rau ntau tshaj 2 txhiab xyoo. Muaj ib zaug, thaum cov tshuaj chemotherapeutic tshwm sim, lawv poob lawv txoj haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab ntawd, nrog kev txhim kho ntawm cov ceg ntawm kev tshawb fawb xws li biophysics thiab biochemistry, hom tshuaj no tau nrov heev. Cov tuam txhab tshuaj tau tsim cov tshuaj tshiab los ntawm pab pawg no.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev npaj galenical tso cai rau lawv siv los ntawm cov neeg uas yuav luag txhua yam ntawm lub cev. Qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj no suav nrog:
- Naturality. Hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj hauv pab pawg no, tsuas yog siv cov khoom siv raw. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj no kuj muaj kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev phiv.
- Muaj peev xwm siv mus ntev. Cov tshuaj nquag ntawm cov tshuaj no koom nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm tib neeg lub cev raws li organically ua tau.
- Tsis tshua muaj tshuaj lom thiab tshuaj lom.
- Yooj yim digestibility los ntawm tib neeg lub cev.
Hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj galenic thiab novogalenic yog qhov yooj yim dua li cov tshuaj kws khomob. Yog li ntawd, lawv cov khoom tsim tau suav tias yog kev lag luam ncaj ncees. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv tiag tiag siv los tsim cov tshuaj no yog rov tsim dua.
Dab tsi txiav txim siab qhov kev kho mob ntawm cov tshuaj
Cov tshuaj nquag hauv cov tshuaj no feem ntau tsis yog ib qho, xws li hauv cov tshuaj kws khomob. Tom qab tag nrho, cov nroj tsuag muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb rau tib neeg lub cev, xws li enzymes thiab vitamins rau cov proteins thiab phytoncides. Thaum ua cov khoom siv raw, tag nrhocov tshuaj no yuav luag tag kis mus rau lub extract. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj galenic tsis muaj kev tshwj xeeb rau tib neeg lub cev, tab sis ib qho nyuaj.
Tshuaj ntsuab npaj: ib daim ntawv teev npe nrov tshaj plaws
Kev lag luam tshuaj niaj hnub no tsim ntau yam tshuaj ntawm pab pawg no. Piv txwv li, kev npaj galenic xws li:yog cov neeg siv khoom nyiam heev.
- Y Propolis tincture. Cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem siv rau otitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis. Koj tuaj yeem siv nws rau qee yam kab mob.
- Antiseptic daws. Lawv siv los kho cov theem pib ntawm mastitis, boils.
- Calendula tincture. Siv los kho qhov txhab, pob txuv thiab mob.
- Ginseng tincture. Nws yog siv rau neurasthenia, asthenia, ntshav qab zib mellitus.
- Echinacea extract. Siv los ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev. Yuav siv tau, piv txwv li, ua npaws, mob khaub thuas, mob caj pas.
tshuaj nrov tshaj plaws
Cov no yog cov tshuaj ntsuab ntau tshaj plaws. Cov piv txwv saum toj no yog nrov heev ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Koj tuaj yeem yuav lawv hauv lub tsev muag tshuaj hauv yuav luag txhua qhov, txawm tias qhov chaw me me. Txawm li cas los xij, lub npe nrov tshaj plaws kev npaj galenic yog tej zaum cov valerian extract. Cov tshuaj no muaj cov nyhuv sedative thiab antispasmodic rau cov neeg mob.
