Ib puag ncig muaj kuab paug thiab qhov nce ntxiv ntawm cov kab mob ua pa ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau tus menyuam txoj kev tiv thaiv. Yog li ntawd, bronchial hawb pob feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus.
Nov yog ib yam kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev mob ntawm cov kab mob ua pa, ua rau bronchospasm nrog rau cov hnoos qeev tawm. Mob hawb pob feem ntau yog mob ntev, thiab cov hnoos qeev nws tus kheej txwv tsis pub cua nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsws ib txwm. Nws tuaj yeem ua xua thiab tsis ua xua. Hom allergenic manifests nws tus kheej nrog lub sij hawm ntev ntawm cov allergen. Feem ntau yog khoom noj, plua plav, tsiaj plaub hau. Hom mob hawb pob tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim, nws qhov tshwm sim cuam tshuam nrog kev nkag siab ntawm tus menyuam rau ntau yam kab mob.
Basic shapes
Raws li kev faib tawm ntawm mob hawb pob hauv cov menyuam yaus, nws tuaj yeem ua xua thiab tsis ua xua. Lawv ua tau txawv me ntsis, tab sis qhov tshwm sim yog tib yam. Daim ntawv atopic ntawm bronchial hawb pob nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus tshwm sim vim qhov nkag ntawm cov tshuaj tsis haum rau hauv lub cev.
Hom kab mob tsis ua xua tshwm sim zoo ib yam li qhov ua xua, txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sijhawm kuaj nws tsis tuaj yeem kuaj pom qhov ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim. Ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua ib qho kev nqus cua txias, ua kom lub cev muaj zog, nrog rau kev nqus cov ntxhiab tsw.
Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau mob hawb pob tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshuaj aspirin. Tom qab noj cov tshuaj no, qee cov txheej txheem tau qhib rau hauv lub cev, uas ua rau lub lumen ntawm bronchi nqaim. Feem ntau, xws li ib tug kab mob yog nrog los ntawm pathologies ntawm lub plab thiab cov hnyuv. Feem ntau ntawm kev tawm tsam hnyav dua.
Kev tshwm sim
Lub etiology ntawm bronchial hawb pob hauv cov menyuam yaus txawv heev, yam xws li:
- genetic predisposition;
- environmental factor;
- siab allergen cov ntsiab lus;
- siv qee yam tshuaj.
Kev mob hawb pob yog qhov tseem ceeb, thiab yog tias mob hawb pob hauv ob leeg niam txiv, ces qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam nce ntau. Ib puag ncig tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau tus kab mob no. Huab cua hauv nroog loj yog qhov txaus ntshai tshwj xeeb rau menyuam yaus.
Cov pa luam yeeb yog suav tias yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv uas muaj zog tshaj plaws. Kev haus luam yeeb ntawm leej niam thaum cev xeeb tub tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsis haum rau tus menyuam.predisposition.
Txoj kev txhim kho tus kab mob
Pathogenesis ntawm bronchial hawb pob hauv cov menyuam yaus muaj ntau theem, ua raws li cov txheej txheem. Tshwj xeeb, lawv paub qhov txawv xws li:
- sensitization;
- patochemical;
- -Pathophysiological.
Sensitization yog thawj qhov kev sib cuag nrog tus kab mob. Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob pib tsim cov tshuaj immunoglobulin los teb rau nws qhov kev nkag mus. Cov tshuaj tsis haum nyob rau hauv lub bronchi, thiab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob pib tawm tsam nws.
Cov theem pathochemical txhim kho thaum rov sib cuag nrog cov tshuaj tsis haum. Nws khi rau immunoglobulins ntawm lub hlwb. Hauv kev teb, qhov mob ntawm bronchi tshwm sim.
theem pathophysiological yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tseeb tias bronchospasm pib tsim, o ntawm phab ntsa ntawm bronchi tau pom, ua raws li kev tso tawm cov hnoos qeev. Lub lumen yog nqaim heev, thiab txoj kev ntawm huab cua yog qhov nyuaj. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev mob hawb pob tshwm sim.
Degrees ntawm qhov hnyav
Muaj ntau qib sib txawv ntawm kev mob ntsws asthma hauv cov menyuam yaus raws li kev soj ntsuam cov tsos mob. Kev mob me me yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tseeb tias exacerbations luv luv, nrog rau kev kho raws sij hawm, qhov kev tshwm sim tau zoo heev.
Mob hnyav heev muaj qhov qhia tau zoo. Kev tawm tsam nruab hnub yog rov ua dua txhua hnub, thiab hmo ntuj tawm tsam ob peb zaug hauv ib lub lis piam. Thaum nws kawm, qhov kev tsis taus ntawm pab pawg thib 3 tau tshaj tawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pom cov cim ntxiv.
mob hawb pobcharacterized los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias qhov kev tawm tsam yog rov ua dua txhua hnub thiab hmo ntuj. Kev pw tsaug zog thiab kev ua si ntawm tus menyuam muaj kev ntxhov siab heev. Tseem ceeb heev inhalation thiab exhalation. Qhov kev kwv yees ntawm cov kab mob no tsis zoo. Disability ntawm pab pawg thib 2-3 tau muab.
Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb
Yuav pab koj tus menyuam, koj yuav tsum paub tias mob hawb pob loj hlob hauv cov menyuam yaus li cas thiab nws tshwm sim nws tus kheej li cas. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj los txiav txim seb koj tuaj yeem ua dab tsi ntawm koj tus kheej kom tshem tawm qhov kev tawm tsam, thiab thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev yuav tsum tau kho. Ntawm thawj cov cim qhia, ib tus tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv xws li:
- xav tsis muaj cua;
- hnoos uas tshwm sim feem ntau thaum hmo ntuj;
- squeezing hauv siab cheeb tsam;
- ua pa nrov tom qab kis tus kab mob.
Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm kev mob ntsws asthma yog thaum pib ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob, tag nrho cov cim qhia tau raug tshem tawm sai heev thaum siv tshuaj. Ua ntej qhov pib ntawm kev tawm tsam, cov me nyuam feem ntau hloov. Lawv dhau los ua khaus heev thiab tsis xis nyob, lossis qaug zog thiab tsaug zog. Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, lwm cov tsos mob ntawm bronchial hawb pob hauv cov menyuam yaus koom nrog, tshwj xeeb, xws li:
- ua pa nyuaj;
- noisy, ua pa tsis tsaug;
- hnyav hauv siab;
- paroxysmal hnoos.
Qhov kev tawm tsam no tau txais txiaj ntsig thaum tus menyuam zaum zaum, sawv ntawm nws txhais tes thiab tsa nws lub xub pwg me ntsis. Yuav ua li cas paub txog cov kab mob bronchial hawb pob, txhua tus niam txiv yuav tsum paub, vim tias yog tus kab mobnrog los ntawm kev tawm tsam tsis tu ncua, qhov no ua rau cov pa oxygen tshaib plab ntawm cov khoom nruab nrog cev. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau kev loj hlob qeeb.
Diagnostics
Rau qhov kev kuaj mob kom raug, yuav tsum muaj kev sab laj tus kws kho mob. Cov kws kho mob tau sau cov kev ntsuam xyuas los txiav txim qhov ua xua hauv lub cev lossis spirography. Txoj kev tshawb fawb no yog tsom rau kev txiav txim siab huab cua ntawm lub ntsws, nrog rau tus nqi ntawm kev nqus pa. Spirography tso cai rau koj los txiav txim seb puas muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv lub ntsws thiab nyob rau theem twg.
Tsis tas li ntawd, yuav tsum tau kuaj hnoos qeev thiab ntshav thiab x-ray hauv siab. Ib txoj kev kuaj mob qhia paub yog kev sim nrog tshuaj bronchodilator. Hauv cov menyuam yaus ntawm thawj 2 xyoos ntawm lub neej, kev kuaj mob yog qhov nyuaj vim tias muaj cov kab mob obstructive.
Kev pab ib zaug
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau muab kev pab thawj zaug rau tus menyuam uas muaj mob hawb pob. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau ua kom nws siab, vim tias qhov kev puas siab puas ntsws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho kev tawm tsam. Koj yuav tsum tshem tag nrho cov khaub ncaws nruj ntawm tus menyuam, qhib lub qhov rais kom muaj huab cua ntshiab rau hauv chav.
Muab tus menyuam nqus pa lossis nqus pa, nrog rau cov tshuaj "Eufillin". Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ntshaw kom da dej sov rau tes thiab taw. Yog tias tag nrho cov kev ntsuas no tsis tuaj yeem nres tsis pub dhau 30 feeb, koj yuav tsum hu rau lub tsheb thauj neeg mob, vim qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau ua pa tsis ua pa. Kev saib xyuas xwm txheej kub ntxhov rau bronchial hawb pob hauv cov menyuam yaus yuav tiv thaivkev loj hlob ntawm cov teeb meem txaus ntshai.
Txoj kev kho mob
Yog tias tus menyuam tau kuaj pom tias muaj mob hawb pob bronchial, kev kho mob yuav tsum pib tam sim ntawd kom tus kab mob uas twb muaj lawm tuaj yeem tshem tawm sai. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau yam tshuaj sib txawv, tus kab mob no tsis tuaj yeem kho tau tag nrho. Rau kev kho mob, cov tshuaj yog siv los tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm spasm, tshem tawm o thiab tshem tawm cov allergen ntawm lub cev.
Cov txheej txheem kho mob suav nrog kev tu cov chaw ntub dej ntau zaus, kev siv cov cua purifiers thiab humidifiers. Nws yog ib advisable kom tshem tawm downy txaj thiab hauv ncoo, ntaub pua plag. Lwm txoj hauv kev suav nrog:
- kev qhia lub cev;
- ua pa ua pa;
- khaw me nyuam;
- reflexology;
- nqa tawm cov txheej txheem kho dua tshiab hauv cov dej ntsev.
Tsis ntev los no, chav kawm ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob tshwj xeeb tau ua nrov heev. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev no yog kev taw qhia me me ntawm qhov ua xua rau tus neeg mob thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm bronchospasm. Thaum lub sij hawm, qhov concentration ntawm cov allergen nce, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov irritant yuav tsis mob.
Tshuaj
Yuav ua li cas kho mob hawb pob bronchial hauv menyuam yaus nrog tshuaj, tsuas yog tus kws kho mob tsim nyog tuaj yeem txiav txim siab. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias tsis muaj tshuaj tuaj yeem kho tus kab mob mus ntev. Muaj cov tshuaj uas pab tautshem tawm qhov kev tawm tsam thiab tshem tawm cov allergen ntawm lub cev. Lawv raug muab tshuaj nyob ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm chav kawm ntawm qaug dab peg nrog kev maj mam nce ntxiv.
Cov tshuaj niaj hnub tau sau tseg rau kev mob ntsws asthma hauv tus menyuam hnub nyoog 3 xyoos tuaj yeem ua cov tsos mob thiab yooj yim. Cov tsos mob yuav pab tshem tawm spasm thiab pab kom huab cua nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsws. Siv lawv thaum muaj kev tawm tsam. Cov kev kho mob yooj yim pab tshem tawm qhov mob thiab tshem tawm cov allergens. Lawv yog siv rau kev kho mob mus tas li, yog li lawv tsis yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ua tam sim. Ntawm cov tshuaj tseem ceeb, Nedocromil thiab Cromoglycic acid yog qhov txawv, nrog rau cov glucocorticoids rau lub nqus nqus.
Lawv ua hauv zos, tso cov tshuaj histamine los ntawm cov hlwb, txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab tseem tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm bronchospasm. Nrog rau kev siv ntev, cov tshuaj no txo qis bronchial hyperactivity, txo qhov zaus thiab ntev ntawm kev tawm tsam, thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb rau menyuam yaus.
Receptor antagonists muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev kho mob hawb pob uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev noj tshuaj, nrog rau kev mob siab rau lub cev. Lawv tuaj yeem siv ua ke nrog kev nqus tau cov glucocorticoids txhawm rau txhim kho lawv cov kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Thaum ua tiav cov kev kho tshwj xeeb, uas tau sau tseg thaum lub sijhawm tshem tawm, cov tshuaj bronchodilator tau sau tseg. Hauv particular, methylxanthines, uas tau sau rau hauv daim ntawv ntsiav tshuaj lossis raws liintravenous txhais tau tias.
Ancholinergics yog siv rau kev nqus pa nrog mob hawb pob. Kev sib xyaw ntawm "Fenoterol" thiab "Ipratropium bromide" yuav zoo. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv bronchial hawb pob hauv cov menyuam yaus yog qhov tsawg heev. Rau kev kho mob, cov neeg ua haujlwm thib ob thiab thib peb tau siv. Lawv muaj lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab qhov tsawg kawg ntawm kev phiv.
Antihistamines tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev mob hawb pob tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua xua, kev tawm dag zog, thiab txo cov tsos mob uas twb muaj lawm. Tshwj xeeb, cov tshuaj xws li Loratadin, Petirizin, Ketotifen tau sau.
Tshaj Tawm Tswv Yim
Kev kho mob ntawm bronchial hawb pob hauv cov menyuam yaus yog txhawm rau txo qis rhiab heev rau kev ua xua thiab txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm bronchial spasms thiab o ntawm mucosa. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tswv yim zoo li no tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov mob thiab ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo txaus yog tshuaj ntsuab xws li yarrow, licorice, sage, chamomile.
txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, koj yuav tsum siv echinacea, celandine, horsetail, strawberry nplooj. Lawv muaj cov nyhuv me me, lawv tuaj yeem siv tau txawm tias thaum exacerbation. Nettle, qus rosemary, coltsfoot yog siv los nyias cov hnoos qeev thiab pab txhawb kev expectoration. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau da dej nrog ib tug extract ntawm koob, mus taug kev nyob rau hauv ib tug coniferous hav zoov. Hiav txwv cua yuav pab txhawb txoj kev ua pa.
YHomeopathic kho
Ntau yam tshuaj homeopathic siv los kho cov menyuam yaus, vim lawv yog cov ntuj tsim thiab tsis ua rau muaj kev phiv. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias qee cov khoom xyaw tshuaj ntsuab yog allergens, yog li ua ntej muab rau menyuam yaus, koj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias tsis muaj contraindications.
Qee yam zaub mov kuj yog tshuaj homeopathic zoo heev. Txhawm rau normalize kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus menyuam, nws tsuas yog txaus kom suav nrog lawv hauv cov zaub mov ib txwm muaj. Ginger hauv paus muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tus mob ntawm tus menyuam, vim nws txhawb nqa cov hlab ntsha nthuav dav, thiab tseem tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm qaug dab peg. Tshuaj yej tsob ntoo roj thiab zib ntab yog cov tshuaj zoo vim lawv pab txo qhov hnoos thiab tiv thaiv ua tsis taus pa.
cov lus qhia kho mob thiab kev saib xyuas
Cov txheej txheem hauv tsev laus rau kev mob ntsws asthma hauv cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum muaj kev qhia dav thiab tsom rau kev saib xyuas tus menyuam, nrog rau kev tuav lub sijhawm tshem tawm. Kev kho mob pib nrog kev ntsuam xyuas qhov hnyav ntawm cov kab mob. Txoj kev npaj khomob hloov txhua lub sijhawm kom saib xyuas tus menyuam txoj kev noj qab haus huv.
kev saib xyuas mob hawb pob hauv cov menyuam yaus suav nrog kev ua raws li cov lus qhia tseem ceeb, xws li:
- siv impervious npog rau txaj;
- ntxhua khaub ncaws ntawm qhov kub siab;
- pov tseg cov khoom ua si mos.
Yog tus me nyuam mob hawb pob nyob hauv tsev, txwv tsis pub khaws tsiaj txhu, vim lawvwool yog ib qho allergen muaj zog heev.
Kev Ua Haujlwm Kho Mob
Kev kho mob rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj mob hawb pob suav nrog kev kho lub cev, ua kom lub cev, ua kom tawv nqaij. Tag nrho cov dej num no tau ua tiav yog tias tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob. Lawv yuav pab ua kom muaj kev noj qab nyob zoo thiab tiv thaiv qhov teeb meem.
Thaum muaj mob hawb pob bronchial hauv cov menyuam yaus, qhov kev pabcuam hauv tebchaws suav nrog kev kho kom huv. Cov dej ntxhia, huab cua huv, kev nyab xeeb thiab kev noj qab haus huv yog kev tiv thaiv kab mob exacerbations. Cov txiaj ntsig tau txais daim pib tsuas yog muab thaum muaj kev tsis taus. Ua ntej kev kho mob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau kho cov kab mob hnyav thiab ua rau muaj teeb meem ntawm cov mob ntev. Nws raug nquahu kom mus xyuas sanatoriums hauv thaj chaw uas tus menyuam nyob, vim tias yuav tsis tas yuav hloov pauv huab cua tshiab.
Ua pa gymnastics yog qhov tseem ceeb, txhawm rau ua kom elasticity ntawm lub ntsws cov ntaub so ntswg. Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws yog exhale nrog kev tawm tsam, exhale los ntawm ib lub raj tso rau hauv dej, inflate balloons.
Bronchial hawb pob hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos yog qhov hnyav heev. Vim yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev ntawm tus me nyuam, nws yog ib qho nyuaj heev los mus txiav txim qhov tseeb. Hauv qhov no, kev kho mob pib lig, uas feem ntau ua rau tus menyuam tsis taus.
Nyob rau hauv tus menyuam mos, tus kab mob no tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua xua rau zaub mov thiab nojtshuaj allergens. Ntau kuj nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev xeeb tub.
mob hawb pob tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv thawj lub hlis ntawm tus menyuam lub neej. Tus kws kho mob yuav ua yuam kev ntau zaus ntawm kev ua pa luv rau ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm SARS. Qhov tseeb yog tias tus menyuam muaj lub ntsws me me heev. Qhov no provokes ib tug nqaim ntawm lub bronchi, uas cuam tshuam rau lawv patency.
Me nyuam ua pa nyuaj thiab hnoos ntev ntev. Cov yam ntxwv mob hawb pob kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim.
Muaj Teeb Meem
Ib yam mob txaus ntshai heev hauv hawb pob yog xwm txheej asthmaticus. Qhov no yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev noj qab haus huv, nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm kev cuam tshuam loj heev, uas tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm los ntawm kev siv tshuaj inhalation. Ib qho xwm txheej zoo sib xws tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog kev kho tsis raug, kev puas siab puas ntsws loj heev, kev tawm dag zog lub cev, nrog rau kev nkag mus ntawm qhov tsis haum rau hauv lub cev. Cov menyuam yaus uas muaj tus mob no yuav tsum tau coj mus rau tsev kho mob kom tau txais kev saib xyuas raws sijhawm.
Thaum muaj tus kab mob hnyav heev, muaj kev xiam oob khab rau tus menyuam. Yog tias muaj kev pom zoo, ces nws raug sau tseg rau 2 xyoos, ua raws li kev kuaj mob dav dav. Txwv tsis pub, kev xiam oob qhab raug tsim los thaum tus menyuam muaj hnub nyoog 16 xyoo.
prophylaxis
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua kev tiv thaiv. Nws implies lub zog ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, nrog rau normalization ntawm kev noj qab nyob zoo ntawm tus me nyuam. Yog ibKev mob hawb pob yog cov kab mob hauv cov xwm txheej, ces kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau ua.
Kev pub niam mis yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev, nws yog ntshaw kom ncua nws ntev li ntev tau. Yog tias qhov no tsis tuaj yeem ua tau, ces koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov sib xyaw kom haum tshaj plaws. Kev taw qhia txog cov khoom noj ntxiv tuaj yeem ua tau tsuas yog tom qab kev pom zoo los ntawm tus kws kho mob thiab ua ntu zus. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tshem tawm cov tshuaj tsis haum hauv tsev, nrog rau ua pa kom nquag plias thiab tsis txhob muaj tsiaj nyob hauv tsev.
