Histiocytosis X: ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob, kho

Cov txheej txheem:

Histiocytosis X: ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob, kho
Histiocytosis X: ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob, kho

Video: Histiocytosis X: ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob, kho

Video: Histiocytosis X: ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob, kho
Video: Atelier en ligne - Nutrition et micronutrition 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Muaj ntau yam kab mob uas cuam tshuam nrog kev puas tsuaj rau lub ntsws thiab ua rau ua pa tsis ua haujlwm. Ib yam kab mob no yog histiocytosis X. Tsis zoo li cov kab mob xws li tuberculosis, mob ntsws, lossis mob ntsws cancer, cov kab mob no tsis tshua muaj. Txawm li cas los xij, histiocytosis yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas raws sijhawm txhawm rau txhawm rau xaiv txoj kev kho kom raug. Tus kab mob no muaj ntau dua rau cov menyuam yaus.

Lo lus "Histiocytosis X" sib txuas ntau yam kab mob. Qee cov kab mob ntawm cov pab pawg no yog tus cwj pwm tsis yog los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub ntsws, tab sis kuj rau lwm yam kabmob. Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tias cov kab mob no tsis cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem oncological, lawv cov kev kho mob suav nrog cytostatic thiab kev kho hluav taws xob.

Histiocytosis X - yog dab tsi?

Ib txwm, txhua tus neeg muaj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lawv sawv cev los ntawm histiocytes, uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev. Raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm yam tsis paub, cov hlwb no pib sib faib ua ke, tsimzoo tib yam clones. Qhov no ua rau kev tsim cov granulomas. Lawv yog cov ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm tag nrho cov tsos mob ntawm pathology. Tag nrho cov kab mob suav nrog hauv pawg histiocytosis muaj cov txheej txheem zoo sib xws ntawm kev loj hlob. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua tus mob muaj nws tus yam ntxwv ntawm pathogenesis.

langerhans cell histiocytosis
langerhans cell histiocytosis

Raws li kev txheeb cais, histiocytosis tshwm sim hauv 5 ntawm 1 lab tus tib neeg. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob hauv cov poj niam thiab txiv neej yog tib yam. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov granulomas yog kev tsim txom ntawm cov khoom lag luam luam yeeb. Nws paub tias nyob rau hauv 85% ntawm cov neeg mob, txwv tsis pub histiocytosis tsim, uas feem ntau ntawm lub ntsws yog cuam tshuam. Cov tsos mob ntawm daim ntawv no ntawm pathology zoo ib yam li tshwm sim ntawm lwm yam kab mob ntawm lub ntsws. Ntawm lawv: mob hauv siab, ua tsis taus pa, hnoos qeev thiab hnoos.

Nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem kuaj pom cov kab mob raws li cov ntaub ntawv kho mob, vim tias cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob tsis yog tshwj xeeb. Txhawm rau kuaj xyuas kom raug, kev pom zoo morphological yuav tsum tau - kev kuaj ntshav ntawm lub ntsws. Kev kho mob ntawm histiocytosis X yog nyob ntawm hormonal thiab chemotherapy. Yog hais tias cov txheej txheem pathological txwv tsis pub muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub ntsws, qhov kev kuaj mob yuav zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no nyob ntawm qib ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg puas thiab kho kom txaus.

ua rau ntawm pathology

Dab tsi ua rau histiocytosis X? Cov laj thawj ntawm tus kab mob no tau kawm ntev. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ua rau cov kab mob no tseem tsis tau tsim. Tej yam ua tau muaj xws li:

  1. Heredity.
  2. Smoking.
  3. Viruses.

Nyob rau hauv kev pom zoo ntawm caj ces txoj kev xav ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological yog qhov tseeb tias histiocytosis tsuas yog kuaj tau hauv qee pawg neeg, uas yog, hauv Caucasians. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev mob yuav nce ntxiv nrog rau qhov ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev. Nws tseem ntseeg tau tias qhov pib ntawm tus kab mob tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm kev kis tus kab mob mus ntev, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm tes. Tshwj xeeb, herpes.

Kev haus luam yeeb yog qhov ua rau lub ntsiab. Yuav luag txhua tus neeg mob kuaj mob histiocytosis tsim txom cov khoom luam yeeb. Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tias tus kab mob no tau pom ntau dua hauv cov menyuam yaus, kev haus luam yeeb tseem suav tias yog qhov tshwm sim. Cov me nyuam yaus uas nqus tau cov pa luam yeeb mob ntau dua li cov neeg mob uas cov niam txiv tsis tsim txom cov khoom luam yeeb.

histiocytosis x
histiocytosis x

Txoj kev txhim kho ntawm tus kab mob

Txhawm rau kawm txog cov kab mob pathogenesis, koj yuav tsum paub tias granuloma yog dab tsi. Qhov no pathological tsim yog ib pawg ntawm cov cell. Hauv lwm lo lus, granuloma yog ib qho nodule hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm. Xws li formations tuaj yeem sawv cev los ntawm ntau hom cellular ntsiab. Lub morphological substrate ntawm tus kab mob yog histiocytic granuloma. Txoj kev kawm no yog dab tsi thiab nws tuaj qhov twg?

Granulomas tshwm sim los ntawm autoimmune aggression. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias qee yam kev ua tsis tiav tshwm sim hauv lub cev, thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob pib tawm tsam qhov teeb meem. Txawm li cas los xij, "kev puas tsuaj" cuam tshuam rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiabhlwb pib faib sai heev. Qhov no aggravates qhov xwm txheej. Es tsis txhob tshem tawm qhov ua rau ntawm tus kab mob, histiocytes accumulates nyob rau hauv granulomas thiab puas cov ntaub so ntswg.

Kev faib tawm ntawm cov kab mob pathological

Hom kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Lo lus no yog hais txog ib pawg kab mob uas muaj cov kab mob sib xws. Nws suav nrog peb yam mob uas cuam tshuam rau ntau yam kabmob. Kev faib tawm tsis yog nyob ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm granulomas nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog nyob rau hauv chav kho mob ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological, nrog rau kev kuaj mob.

x histiocytosis hauv menyuam yaus
x histiocytosis hauv menyuam yaus

Cov kab mob loj tshaj plaws los ntawm pawg histiocytosis yog Abt-Letterer-Siwe kab mob. Nws yog feem ntau kuaj tau hauv cov menyuam yaus. Pathology yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov ntaub so ntswg nplua nuj nyob rau hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.

Hand-Schuller-Christian tus kab mob yuav luag zoo ib yam li tus kab mob yav dhau los. Qhov txawv yog tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev kho mob tshwm sim yog pom tom qab. Lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov neeg mob nyob ntawm 7 mus rau 35 xyoo. Tus kab mob no ua tau zoo.

thib peb pathology los ntawm pawg histiocytosis yog eosinophilic granuloma. Piv nrog rau lwm yam kab mob, tus kab mob no feem ntau cuam tshuam rau lub ntsws. Kev puas tsuaj rau lwm cov ntaub so ntswg tshwm sim hauv 1/5 ntawm cov neeg mob. Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob feem ntau tshwm sim thaum hluas.

Ntawm ntawm pathology hauv menyuam mos

Rau qhov ntau dua, tus kab mob yog vim muaj teeb meem ntawm kev kho menyuam yaus, txij li histiocytosis X hauv cov menyuam yaus tsim ntau zaus. Nruab nrablub hnub nyoog ntawm cov neeg mob yog 3 xyoos. Hand-Schuller-Christian syndrome yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov pib tom qab thiab qeeb zuj zus. Hauv cov menyuam yaus uas muaj cov qauv ntawm histiocytosis X, kev hloov ntawm daim tawv nqaij tuaj ua ntej. Cov menyuam mos los ntawm thawj lub hlis ntawm lub neej raug kev txom nyem los ntawm eczema thiab seborrheic dermatitis. Lawv kuj yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov mucous daim nyias nyias - cov pos hniav hypertrophy, mob stomatitis.

Cov kab mob dermatological tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob nyuaj kho thiab feem ntau rov zoo dua. Kev hloov ntawm daim tawv nqaij pib nrog lub cev thiab tawv taub hau. Cov pob khaus tuaj yeem sib txawv, ntau zaus - nws yog polymorphic thiab strip-zoo li. Papular cov ntsiab lus feem ntau yog npog nrog lub pob zeb, uas tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau hauv qhov chaw mob.

kev kho mob ntawm histiocytosis x
kev kho mob ntawm histiocytosis x

Tsis zoo li cov neeg laus, lub ntsws puas hauv cov menyuam yaus tshwm sim tom qab. Hauv malignant histiocytosis (Abt-Letterer-Siwe tus kab mob), nws ua rau kev ua pa tsis ua haujlwm sai thiab mob plawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm tus kab mob yog qhov swb ntawm cov pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg thiab kev ua txhaum ntawm nws tsim.

Cov tsos mob thiab cov ntaub ntawv kho mob ntawm pathology

Abt-Letterer-Siwe kab mob hais txog cov kab mob menyuam yaus thiab yuav luag tsis muaj tshwm sim hauv cov neeg laus. Daim ntawv no yog qhov phem tshaj plaws, vim nws feem ntau ua rau tuag hauv 1 xyoos lossis tsawg dua. Histiocytosis X rau cov neeg laus hais txog ob hom kab mob. Cov no yog eosinophilic granuloma thiab Hand-Schuller-Christian syndrome. Hauv cov neeg laus, cov kab mob no tshwm sim thaum hluas.

Eosinophilic granuloma yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tseeb tias Langerhans hlwb (hlwb muaj feem xyuam rau cov histocytes) yog concentrated nyob rau hauv ib lub hom phiaj ntawm lub cev. Feem ntau nws yog lub ntsws, pob txha, tus po lossis daim siab. Lub ntsiab lus rau eosinophilic granuloma yog Taratynov tus kab mob. Kev puas tsuaj rau lub ntsws yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov hnoos qhuav tas li thiab ua tsis taus pa. Periodically sau intoxication, uas yog qhia me ntsis. Raws li daim duab kho mob, tus kab mob zoo ib yam li mob ntsws ntsws tuberculosis. Thaum cov pob txha raug cuam tshuam, cov neeg mob yws yws ntawm qhov mob ntawm caj dab thaum tsiv, qee zaum o tau sau tseg.

histiocytosis x ua
histiocytosis x ua

Hand-Schuller-Christian pathology yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev. Nws zoo ib yam li kab mob Abt-Letterer-Siwe, tab sis cov tsos mob tshwm sim qeeb dua thiab tsis nyob ib txhij. Thawj cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob no yog nonspecific. Cov no suav nrog kev qaug zog, tsis qab los noj mov thiab nruab nrab cov tsos mob ntawm intoxication. Tom qab ntawd, ntawm qhov chaw ntawm daim tawv nqaij (piv txwv li quav, armpits), qhov chaw ntawm tev tawm tshwm. Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob dermatological tshwm sim ua rau kis tus kab mob ua pob liab liab thiab sib ntxiv ntawm kev kis kab mob.

Cov neeg mob raug kev txom nyem los ntawm mob gingivitis thiab stomatitis. Vim yog kev ua txhaum ntawm cov pob txha qauv thiab cov mucous daim nyias nyias, kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov hniav tshwm sim. Cov theem kawg ntawm tus kab mob yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov tsos mob nyuaj, uas suav nrog exophthalmos (qhov muag pom), kab mob ntawm cov pob txha, thiab ntshav qab zib insipidus. Kev puas tsuaj rau lub ntsws ua rau ua tsis taus pa tsis tu ncua vim qhov tsim ntawm bullae thiab atelectasis. Cov teeb meem ntawm tus kab mob yog spontaneous pneumothorax (sauhuab cua hauv siab) thiab mob paj hlwb.

Cov txheej txheem kuaj mob rau tus kab mob

Thaum cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob ua pa tshwm sim, X-ray thiab suav tomography ntawm lub hauv siab tau ua. Cov kev tshawb fawb tib yam yog ua rau cov pob txha. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thaj chaw me me ntawm kev cog lus (granulomas), bullae thiab atelectasis pom nyob rau hauv lub ntsws. Hauv cov pob txha, cystic formations thiab cov ntaub so ntswg puas tsuaj yog pom. Kev kuaj histological lossis cytological yuav tsum tau ua kom paub tseeb tias qhov kev kuaj mob. Rau lub hom phiaj no, bronchoscopy nrog biopsy yog ua.

histiocytosis x rau cov neeg laus
histiocytosis x rau cov neeg laus

Kev kuaj mob sib txawv

Cov kab mob uas histiocytosis los ntawm Langerhans hlwb txawv xws li: pulmonary tuberculosis, cancer, pneumosclerosis, COPD. Yog tias lwm cov ntaub so ntswg tau koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem pathological, kev kuaj xyuas xws li daim tawv nqaij txhawm rau kis kab mob thiab cov fungi, pob txha biopsy, plab ultrasound raug ua. Qhov no pab kom paub qhov txawv histiocytosis los ntawm cov kab mob ntawm lub plab zom mov, oncological thiab dermatological ailments. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem kev tshawb fawb yam tsis muaj kev txheeb xyuas morphological tsis tso cai tsim kev kuaj mob.

Txoj kev kho tus kab mob

Corticosteroids yog siv los kho txhua hom kab mob no. Cov npe tshuaj uas yuav tsum tau noj tsuas yog pom zoo los ntawm kws kho mob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub ntsws puas, ib tug pulmonologist yog koom nyob rau hauv kev kho mob. Nws suav nrog kev kho tshuaj hormone thiab kev siv cytostatics. Kev puas tsuaj ntawm pob txha yuav tsum tau kho phais. Qee cov neeg mob raug qhia rau hluav taws xobKev kho mob, nrog rau kev hloov pauv hauv lub ntsws los yog pob txha pob txha.

pab pawg tshuaj kho tus kab mob

Kev kho mob tseem ceeb rau histiocytosis yog kev kho tshuaj. Cov tshuaj hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:

  1. Cytostatic agents. Cov no suav nrog cov tshuaj kws khomob siv los tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kabmob histiocytes txawv txav. Piv txwv yog Azathioprine, Methotrexate, thiab Vinblastine.
  2. Systemic and topical corticosteroids. Cov npe tshuaj suav nrog cov tshuaj "Prednisolone" thiab "Hydrocortisone".
  3. Folic acid antagonists. Tus neeg sawv cev ntawm pawg kws tshuaj no yog cov tshuaj "Leucovorin".
  4. Immunomodulators. Cov tshuaj "Alpha-interferon".

Hormonotherapy yuav tsum tau ua tas li txawm tias muaj cov kab mob tsawg. Yog hais tias tus neeg mob muaj cov tsos mob ntawm exacerbation, cytostatics thiab immunomodulating cov neeg sawv cev raug sau.

Cov npe tshuaj corticosteroids
Cov npe tshuaj corticosteroids

ntsuas ntsuas thiab ntsuas ntsuas

Txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv histiocytosis yog qhov tsis lees paub tag nrho cov khoom lag luam luam yeeb. Txawm tias kev haus luam yeeb tsis muaj zog tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev mob hnyav thiab ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau lub neej. Yog tias koj hloov koj txoj kev ua neej thiab ua raws li tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia, koj tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov kev tshem tawm ruaj khov nrog rau daim ntawv txwv ntawm histiocytosis. Qee zaum, eosinophilic granuloma regresses kiag li. Systemic histiocytosis yog qhov nyuaj rau kho. Qhov kev muaj sia nyob tsib xyoos rau Tes-Schuller-Christian pathology yog 75%. Yog tsis kho, tus kab mob no mus thiab yuav mob heevpuab. Kev haus luam yeeb txuas ntxiv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv tsis zoo ntawm histiocytes.

Pom zoo: