Platelets yog non-nucleated kheej kheej hlwb nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 2-4 microns (micrometer). Cov hlwb no, nrog rau leukocytes thiab platelets, yog cov qe ntshav. Lawv hu ua platelets. Nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, lub ntsiab loj yog tsim los ntawm cov neeg laus platelets - lawv yog kwv yees li 87%, cov laus - 4.5% thiab cov hluas los yog tsis paub tab - 3.2%. Lub sij hawm ntawm maturation ntawm platelets nyob rau nruab nrab yog 8 hnub. Platelets nyob hauv cov hlab ntsha li 9 txog 11 hnub.
Cov qauv rau txiv neej, poj niam thiab menyuam yaus yuav txawv me ntsis. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg, nws kuj hloov. Kev kuaj ntshav dav dav, nrog rau cov leukocytes, hemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) thiab leukocyte formula, kuj suav nrog cov ntsuas xws li platelets. Tus qauv ntawm cov txiv neej ntawm cov hlwb no yog los ntawm 180 mus rau 400 billion ib liter.
lawv tsim thiab rhuav tshem qhov twg?
Platelets yog tsim los ntawm cov hlwb loj ntawm megakaryocytes, uas yuav luagtag nrho nrog cytoplasm. Lawv yog cov pob txha liab loj heev. Kwv yees li 70,000 platelets tshiab, hu ua platelets, yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub cev ib hnub. Cov tawg me me ntawm cov cytoplasm ntawm megakaryocytes tau sib cais thiab nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha - platelets tsim. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlwb no paub tab, ua lawv txoj haujlwm thiab tom qab 9-11 hnub raug rhuav tshem hauv tus po. Lub cev no yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev cais tawm ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm cov khoom zoo li lub cev nrog cov qauv tawg uas tau ua haujlwm rau lawv lub sijhawm.
Ib megakaryocyte tuaj yeem tsim tau txog 8,000 platelets. Rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov pob txha hlwb hauv lub cev, cov tshuaj hormone tshwj xeeb yog lub luag haujlwm - thrombopoietin, uas yog synthesized hauv daim siab, ob lub raum, thiab cov leeg pob txha. Los ntawm qhov ntawd, nrog cov ntshav ntws, nws nkag mus rau hauv cov pob txha liab. Thiab nyob ntawd nws tswj cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim ntawm megakaryocytes thiab platelets. Nrog rau kev nce hauv platelets hauv cov ntshav, cov synthesis ntawm cov tshuaj hormone thrombopoietin yog inhibited.
Physiological zog
Platelets ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem physiological. Lawv ua cov haujlwm hauv qab no:
- Piv txwv tsis pub los ntshav.
- Txhim kho vascular tone thiab permeability.
- tiv thaiv tiv thaiv.
- Ua ke nrog leukocytes, lawv koom nrog hauv kev tshem tawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory.
- Kua ntshav.
Tab sis lawv txoj haujlwm hemostatic tshaj tawm. Thaum cov hlab ntsha puas ntsoog, nws lumen narrows reflexively. Platelets cuam tshuam nrog collagen (lawv lo ua ke) thiab tsimntshav txhaws uas pab kom tsis txhob los ntshav.
Dab tsi cuam tshuam rau platelet suav?
Tshawb nrhiav seb dab tsi cuam tshuam rau qhov ntsuas xws li platelets. Cov qauv ntawm cov txiv neej yog me ntsis siab dua nyob rau hauv cov poj niam thiab cov me nyuam. Tus naj npawb ntawm platelets, ntawm lwm yam, hauv ob qho tib si menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus raug cuam tshuam los ntawm hnub nyoog. Yog li, nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam mos, qhov ntau ntawm platelet tus qauv yog dav heev thiab ntau ntawm 100 txog 420 x 10 9/ l (billion / l). Qhov kev hloov pauv no yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov hlab ntsha ntawm cov menyuam yug tshiab tsis ruaj khov thiab platelets, zoo li lwm cov qe ntshav, nquag tsim thiab tuag hauv lawv. Qhov no txuas ntxiv mus txog ib xyoos.
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov platelets hauv cov ntshav tuaj yeem sib txawv raws caij nyoog, nce tom qab kev tawm dag zog lub cev thiab muaj qhov hloov pauv txhua hnub.
Tus qauv ntawm platelets hauv txiv neej, poj niam, menyuam yaus
Koj tuaj yeem paub txog cov qauv ntawm qhov ntsuas no rau cov txiv neej, poj niam thiab menyuam yaus, nyob ntawm hnub nyoog, hauv cov lus hauv qab no.
| Platelets | Norm in 109/l (billion per liter) |
| txiv neej | 180-400 |
| Nyob | 150-380 |
| 100-420 | |
| Cov me nyuam hnub nyoog 1 txog 3 lub hlis | 179-399 |
| Cov me nyuam hnub nyoog 1 txog 6 | 159-389 |
| Cov me nyuam hnub nyoog 7 txog 12 | 159-379 |
Qee qhov chaw qhia tias tus nqi ntawm platelets hauvtxiv neej muaj txog li 320 x 109/l. Nov yog cov ntaub ntawv qub me ntsis.
Platelets: tus qauv hauv txiv neej
Tus nqi txo qis yuav nyob hauv cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kev sib deev muaj zog tom qab 60 xyoo. Nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog, qee qhov ntsuas ntawm kev kuaj ntshav dav dav tuaj yeem hloov pauv. Qhov no kuj siv tau rau qhov ntsuas xws li platelets. Tus qauv rau cov txiv neej los ntawm hnub nyoog ntawm qhov ntsuas no yog qhia nyob rau hauv lub rooj.
| Hnub nyoog ntawm txiv neej | Norma |
| 18 txog 25 xyoo | 179-380 |
| 26 txog 35 xyoo | 180-400 |
| 36 txog 60 xyoo | 179-340 |
| after 60 | mus txog 320 |
Nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus, cov platelets yuav qis me ntsis. Cov lus no qhia meej meej li cas cov qauv ntawm qhov ntsuas xws li platelets hloov nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog. Cov qauv rau cov txiv neej hnub nyoog 60 yog txo qis me ntsis piv rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas.
Tus lej platelet siab qhia li cas?
Hauv kev kuaj ntshav dav dav, nrog rau hemoglobin, leukocytes, ESR thiab kev suav cov mis leukocyte, platelets kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb qhia. Cov qauv hauv cov txiv neej hauv lawv cov ntshav yog txog li 400, hauv cov poj niam - txog 380 x 10 9/ l. Yog tias daim duab no ntau dua, ces tus mob no hu ua thrombocytosis. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntshav khov ntxiv. Tab sis nws tsis manifest nws tus kheej symptomatically. Nws yog feem ntau kuaj pom los ntawm lub caij nyoog - thaum dhau qhov kev kuaj ntshav dav dav thaum lub sij hawm kuaj xyuas niaj hnub. Thrombocytosis tuaj yeem pom nrogcov xeev hauv qab no:
- cov txheej txheem Oncological.
- YMyelofibosis.
- Cov txheej txheem mob ntev.
- kab mob sib kis.
- Postoperative period.
- Erythromyosis (chronic leukemia).
- Tom qab tshem tus po (splenectomy).
- Rau hlau deficiency anemia.
- Vim siv sijhawm ntev ntawm qee yam tshuaj xws li corticosteroids.
Txhua yam ntawm cov xwm txheej no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv qhov ntsuas xws li platelets. Cov qauv hauv cov txiv neej hauv lawv cov ntshav feem ntau yog me ntsis siab dua cov poj niam thiab menyuam yaus. Kev nce me ntsis hauv platelets tuaj yeem ua tau tom qab ua kom lub cev muaj zog. Qhov no tsis yog pathology. Tom qab so, qhov ntsuas no rov qab mus rau qhov qub. Thrombocytosis yog thawj thiab theem nrab.
Primary thrombocytosis: ua rau
Primary thrombocytosis tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis zoo hematopoiesis (tsim thiab loj hlob ntawm cov qe ntshav) ntawm cov pob txha pob txha qia hlwb. Tej zaum yog vim li cas:
- Qee yam ntawm anemia.
- Erythromia.
- Ntau tus mob myeloid leukemia.
- Fibrous degeneration ntawm cov pob txha pob txha (myelofibrosis).
- Idiopathic thrombocythemia, nrog platelet suav txog 4000.
Secondary thrombocytosis: ua rau
Secondary thrombocytosis tsim los ntawm cov kab mob pathological (cov kab mob) cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntshav tsim cov kabmob. Qhov feem ntau ua rau theem nrabthrombocytosis yog kab mob.
Muaj peev xwm ua rau mob thrombocytosis thib ob:
- Rheumatoid mob caj dab.
- Rheumatism (lub npe raug rau qhov pathology no mob rheumatic fever).
- Osteomyelitis lossis purulent-necrotic txheej txheem hauv cov pob txha.
- Ulcerative colitis.
- kab mob siab heev xws li cirrhosis.
- tuberculosis.
- cov txheej txheem qog nqaij hlav, xws li mob qog noj ntshav, lymphoma lossis Hodgkin's disease.
- Zoo ntshav poob.
- mob hemolysis (ib yam mob hnyav uas cov qe ntshav liab tawg).
Platelet suav txhais li cas?
Thrombocytopenia yog ib yam mob uas platelets qis hauv cov ntshav. Cov qauv rau cov txiv neej nyob rau hauv ib co qhov chaw yog mus txog 320 billion hlwb ib liter, nyob rau hauv lwm tus neeg - 400, thiab qhov qis tshaj nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub yog los ntawm 180 hlwb. Kev txo qis hauv qhov ntsuas no los ntawm ntau zaus yuav raug suav tias yog thrombocytopenia.
Qhov laj thawj ntawm qhov no yuav yog:
- txheej txheem kis.
- Kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov pob txha pob txha.
- Kev cev xeeb tub thiab kev coj khaub ncaws hauv poj niam.
- ntshav ntshav ntau yam.
- Leukemias
- Heredity.
- Kev phom sij ntawm cov hlau hnyav.
- Cawv ntau ntau.
- ntshav siab ntau.
- Noj qee yam tshuaj (xws li tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj estrogens).
Kev sib txawv ntawmplatelet ib txwm muaj nuj nqis nyob rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia lossis lwm qhov yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas thiab kho tsis tau tsuas yog nrog cov tshuaj, tab sis kuj nrog kev noj zaub mov kom tsim nyog.
