Nyob hauv lub neej niaj hnub no, txoj kev ua neej noj qab nyob zoo thiab kev noj qab haus huv tau dhau los ua qhov sib txawv. Thiab ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm qhov no yog suav tias yog kev kho hniav. Ib tug zoo nkauj thiab noj qab nyob zoo luag yog tus yuam sij rau kev vam meej thiab attractiveness. Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm peb yuav tham txog cov teeb meem ntawm kev kho hniav, feem ntau tsis kaj siab thiab txaus ntshai caries ntawm ncauj tsev menyuam, yuav ua li cas cawm cov hniav, txoj kev kho thiab tiv thaiv kev kho hniav.
me ntsis ntawm kev paub txog anatomical
Tib neeg cov hniav yog cov pob txha tsim, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus. Kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov hniav yog txiav txim los ntawm noob caj noob ces, yuav tsum muaj 32 ntawm lawv. Cov kws kho hniav muab tag nrho cov hniav rau hauv 2 lub puab tsaig sab sauv thiab 2 lub puab tsaig sab. Txhua tus hniav muaj nws tus lej serial. Mis thiab molars, incisors, canines thiab zom - lawv txhua tus muaj cov qauv sib xws.
Muaj 3 qhov hauv cov qauv ntawm cov hniav:
- Khawv koob. Qhov tsuas pom ib feem ntawm cov hniav uas yog them nrog enamel yog cov ntaub so ntswg uas muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm peb lub cev, uas muaj inorganic tshuaj (96%),organic matrix (1%) thiab dej (3%). Nyob rau hauv lub enamel yog ib feem tseem ceeb - dentin, uas muaj inorganic minerals (72%) thiab organic tshuaj (28%). Nws yog dentin uas muab cov xim tseem ceeb rau peb cov hniav.
- caj dab. Qhov chaw uas cov enamel xaus thiab lub hauv paus ntawm cov hniav pib, qhov twg cov dentin tiv thaiv los ntawm ib txheej nyias ntawm cementum. Nws nyob ntawm no tias cov cement ntawm cov hniav tuaj rau saum npoo. Kev puas tsuaj rau cov hniav hauv qhov chaw no (cervical caries) yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws rau kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov hniav.
- Root. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub alveolus ntawm cov pos hniav. Nov yog cov hlab ntsha thiab cov hlab ntsha xaus.
txheej txheem Carious yog softening (demineralization) ntawm enamel thiab dentin raws li cov kab mob ua haujlwm. Cov kab mob no decompose cov zaub mov seem nrog tsim cov lactic acid. Thiab nws ntxuav tawm cov zaub mov ntawm cov enamel thiab dentin ntawm peb cov hniav. Tab sis kab mob ib leeg tsis txaus. Nrog ib txwm microflora nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav, cov kab mob tsis multiply. Thiab yog li ntawd, caries tsis loj hlob. Cov hauv qab no ua rau muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm cov kab mob bacteriosis hauv lub qhov ncauj:
- Khoom noj seem ntawm cov hniav thiab hauv cov pos hniav.
- Qee yam kab mob ntawm lub plab zom mov (piv txwv li, pancreatitis lossis gastritis) uas hloov cov kua qaub-puag tshuav ntawm qaub ncaug.
- Calcium deficiency tej yam kev mob hauv lub cev. Piv txwv li, nrog kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo, cev xeeb tub thiab pub niam mis, hluav taws xob lossis raug.
Kev faib tawm ntawm pathology
Raws li qhov tob ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov hniav, caries tshwm sim:
- Ntog (spots on the enamel). Hauv qhov no, tsuas yog cov enamel raug rhuav tshem. Nyob rau theem no, caries yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab txhua yam rhiab heev.
- Medium. Cov kab mob cuam tshuam rau lub dentin, ib tug carious kab noj hniav yog tsim. Cov hniav hloov xim thiab rhiab heev ntawm cov hniav nce. Kev mob hnyav tshwm sim.
- Ntxub. Cov kab mob cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov dentin mus txog rau lub pulp. Cov tsos mob - mob hnyav thaum noj mov, nrog rau qhov kub thiab txias. Yog hais tias tus kab mob nkag mus rau hauv lub pulp, cov txheej txheem inflammatory tshwm sim - pulpitis.
Raws li lub zos ntawm cov txheej txheem carious, lawv paub qhov txawv:
- Fissure caries. Qhov zom zom yog cuam tshuam.
- Cervical dental caries (gingival, cervical). Qhov chaw cuam tshuam yog nyob rau ntawm ciam teb ntawm lub kaus mom thiab caj dab. Hom kab mob phem tshaj plaws, txij li nws tau xyaum tsis pom nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm kev loj hlob, thiab tus neeg mob tuaj rau tus kws kho hniav thaum caries tau dhau mus rau theem nrab lossis tob.
- Interdental (kwv yees). Ob sab ntawm cov hniav raug cuam tshuam.
- Atypical. Txhim kho sab nraud ntawm tus hniav.
Raws li etiology ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, caries tuaj yeem yog thawj (tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no thawj zaug), theem nrab (rov ua dua nyob rau hauv ib lub sau lossis yas) thiab ntau yam (caries ntawm ob peb cov hniav ib zaug, ntau zaus vim yog kho tsis raws sijhawm).
qhia dav dav thiab contraindications rau kev kho mob
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau pib kho thaum cov xim lossis pigmentation ntawm cov enamel hloov, qhov chaw ntawm ncauj tsev menyuam darkens lossis lub caj dab raug.hniav, nrog enamel chipping, cov tsos ntawm carious kab noj hniav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, muaj qhov mob tshwm sim rau kub thiab txias, qab zib thiab qab ntsev.
Contraindications rau kev kho mob caries (cervical, fissure thiab interdental):
- Kev xeeb tub hauv thawj peb lub hlis twg thiab thib peb.
- Tus kab mob ua pa nyuaj.
- Herpes in the acute stage.
- Tus kab mob uas mob ntev heev nrog cov pos hniav los ntshav.
Vim li cas thiaj yuav tsum kho
Thaum pib, caries tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb ntau rau nws tus tswv. Tab sis yog tias koj rub mus rau qhov kawg, koj tuaj yeem ntsib qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo, xws li:
- Cov txheej txheem inflammatory thaum pib yuav kis mus. Kev mob ntawm cov nqaij mos (pulpitis) lossis sab hauv ntawm lub puab tsaig uas cov hniav nyob (periodontitis) yog qhov mob ntau dua thiab muaj teeb meem ntev dua.
- Yog tshuav tsis kho, yeej ib txwm muaj qhov kub hnyiab ntawm lub cev. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau mob plawv, sib koom tes thiab lwm yam teeb meem.
- cov txheej txheem mob cuam tshuam rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab nws qhov txo qis ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua xua. Tom qab tag nrho, kev ua xua yog qhov tsis txaus ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob rau sab nraud stimuli.
- Tag nrho cov hniav lwj thiab poob ntawm cov hniav. Thiab qhov teeb meem zoo nkauj tsis yog ib qho teeb meem txhua. Kev ua txhaum ntawm kev zom zaub mov tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm plab hnyuv.
- Poob qhov muag luag ntxhi tuaj yeem ua teeb meem rau qee hom neegkev ua si. Tab sis nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, qhov no tsis ntxiv kev ntseeg tus kheej, uas yog tsuas yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub pace ntawm lub neej. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, luag ntxhi ib txwm adorns ib tug neeg.
Cervical caries. Ua rau
Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm hom kab mob no, kws kho hniav xav txog kev tu lub qhov ncauj tsis txaus, vim tias cov enamel thiab dentin demineralize thiab soften. Tau kawg, caj ces predisposition thiab qee cov kab mob ntev tsis tuaj yeem txo qis.
Ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob hauv ncauj tsev menyuam, kws kho hniav paub qhov txawv:
- Enamel demineralization. Cov khoom pov tseg ntawm cov kab mob - lactic acid - accumulates nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm cov hniav thiab ua rau thinning thiab softening ntawm enamel, thiab ces lub dentin.
- Avitaminoses. Qhov tsis muaj cov vitamins ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau cov pos hniav thiab ua rau pom cov pos hniav. Lub caj dab ntawm cov hniav raug nthuav tawm, cov kab mob sib sau ua ke hauv hnab ris, thiab kev puas tsuaj dentin yog rhais chaw.
- chaw me ntsis. Thawj theem ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam caries, thaum lub enamel nyuam qhuav pib mos. Nyob rau theem no, caries ntawm caj dab ntawm cov hniav yog qhov pom tsis pom, thiab tsuas yog tus kws kho hniav tuaj yeem kuaj tau nws.
Ntawm txoj kev kho mob ntawm ncauj tsev menyuam
Tsis ntev los no, kev kho mob ntawm ncauj tsev menyuam kab noj hniav, zoo li lwm yam, cov neeg mob ntshai nrog kev siv lub laum thiab mob. Kev kho hniav niaj hnub muaj cov txheej txheem thiab cov cuab yeej uas yuav kho tus neeg mob tsis muaj mob, ua tau zoo thiabxis.
Tau kawg, txhua yam yuav nyob ntawm qhov kev puas tsuaj, tab sis nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm cov kab mob hauv ncauj tsev menyuam, koj tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj kev xyaum txaus ntshai. Hauv qhov no, cov hauv qab no siv tau:
- Microinvasive infiltration - caries ntawm theem stain raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev kho tshuaj-kho tshuab. Nov yog yuav ua li cas thawj zaug ntawm ncauj tsev menyuam ntawm cov hniav hauv pem hauv ntej raug tshem tawm tom qab hnav braces.
- Remineralization thiab ozone cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob. Siv tsis siv tshuaj loog.
- Air-abrasive method. Nws lub ntsiab lus yog qhov ncauj tsev menyuam kab noj hniav yog qhia los ntawm huab cua kwj nrog abrasive additives. Yog li ntawd, tsuas yog cov ntaub so ntswg raug cuam tshuam, thiab tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov neeg noj qab haus huv.
- Laser kho. Nws peculiarity yog tias cov ntaub tsis raug tshav kub. Pom zoo rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg mob uas muaj kev vibration siab.
kev kho mob
Rau cov theem sab nraud ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam, cov kws kho hniav siv cov kev kho kom zoo, cov kauj ruam ntawm cov hauv qab no:
- Ua ntej, cov enamel raug ntxuav. Nws yog dawb los ntawm cov quav hniav thiab tartar.
- Tom qab ntawd, rau 2-3 zaug, tus kws kho hniav siv cov kev npaj tshwj xeeb, uas suav nrog fluorine.
- Tus neeg mob twb nyob hauv tsev lawm, txuas ntxiv noj tshuaj thiab ua raws li cov lus pom zoo rau kev saib xyuas qhov ncauj.
Txoj kev kho kom zoo yog ua nrog kev npaj uas muaj fluorine thiab calcium. Muab tshuaj los ntawm cov kab mob hauv ncauj tsev menyuam yuav tsum tau muab los ntawm kws kho mob hauv cov tshuaj nruj me ntsis.
Thaum tsis muaj txoj kev uas tsis muaj laum
Yog tias qhov txhab tau cuam tshuam rau lub dentin, ces tag nrho cov kev kho mob sib txawv twb xav tau. Cervical caries yuav tsum tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm kws kho hniav vim qhov chaw ntawm qhov txhab nyob ze ntawm cov pos hniav. Cov kauj ruam kev kho mob rau nruab nrab mus rau qhov tob tob gingival caries yog raws li nram no:
- Txhua yam pib dua nrog kev ntxuav cov enamel los ntawm pob zeb thiab cov quav hniav.
- Xaiv cov xim ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ze tshaj plaws rau cov xim ntuj ntawm tus neeg mob cov hniav.
- Tshuaj loog thiab kev npaj ntawm qhov txhab.
- -sau cov kabmob carious.
- Tooth aesthetics thiab polishing.
Cov khoom ntim niaj hnub
Rau kev kho mob ntawm ncauj tsev menyuam kab noj hniav, siv ntau hom khoom ntim, uas tus kws kho hniav xaiv tus kheej rau txhua tus neeg mob. Ntxiv rau tus nqi, lawv txawv ntawm cov khoom thiab cov khoom.
Nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm ncauj tsev menyuam kab noj hniav, cov khoom ntim tuaj yeem ua los ntawm iav ionomer cement, organically hloov ceramics lossis cov khoom siv kho kom zoo. Kev xaiv cov khoom siv thiab cov txheej txheem kho kom raug ua rau nws ua tau kom rov qab ua haujlwm zoo thiab zoo nkauj ntawm cov hniav.
Puas ua tau yam tsis muaj kws kho hniav?
Nws ntseeg tias kab mob tsis tuaj yeem kho tau hauv tsev. Tab sis nyob rau hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, xws li kev kho mob ntawm ncauj tsev menyuam caries yog qhov zoo heev thiab muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Thiab qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb yog thawj theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm pathology, thaum lub enamel tseem tsis tau puas, thiab tsuas yog ib qho chaw myelin tau tsim. Kev siv cov tshuaj remineralizing pastes lossis gels tuaj yeem ncua sijhawm mus ntsib kws kho hniav. Nrog kev kho tus kheej, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xav txog qee yam nta:
- Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm txhua tus neeg mob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov khoom ntawm enamel, localization ntawm qhov txhab, lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob thiab kev tu cev zoo yog ib qho tseem ceeb. Tag nrho cov no yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab thaum xaiv ib qho kev kho mob rau kev kho mob ntawm ncauj tsev menyuam caries.
- Kev xaiv tshuaj. Kev lag luam kws tshuaj niaj hnub muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los tawm tsam qhov teeb meem no. Tab sis nws tseem zoo dua los tso siab rau qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov tseeb rau tus kws tshaj lij. Tom qab tag nrho, kev nce ntxiv ntawm fluorine tuaj yeem ua rau qhov tshwm sim qhov tseeb.
- Teeb meem hauv kev kuaj mob. Cervical caries nyob rau theem stain feem ntau tsis meej pem nrog cov quav hniav los yog enamel hypoplasia. Yog tias kev mus ntsib kws kho hniav tsis tuaj yeem ua tau, koj tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj pej xeem rau qee lub sijhawm, tab sis tsis muaj kev kuaj mob kom raug, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob siv tshuaj lom neeg. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo dua mus rau chaw kho hniav.
Yam tshuaj tshuaj dab tsi tawm tswv yim
Ntawm cov zaub mov ntawm cov tshuaj ib txwm muaj ntau yam kev kho mob rau kev kho mob los yog ntxiv dag zog rau cov hniav enamel, tab sis tsis muaj cov zaub mov txawv rau cov kab mob caries. Txhawm rau txo qhov mob, infusions ntawm tshuaj ntsuab yog siv - oregano, knotweed, sage, txiv qaub balm, mallow, blackberry nplooj thiab blueberries. Koj tuaj yeem yaug koj lub qhov ncauj nrog decoctions ntawm wormwood, violets, valerian. Decoctions ntawm ntoo qhib bark, aspen, angelica keeb kwm thiab calamus kuj siv. Dav siv los ntxiv dag zog rau enamel thiab txo qhov mob propolis tincture
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv tshuaj pej xeem yuav tsis kav ntev, tab sis yuav pab daws qhov mob. Qhov ntxeev sab ntawm cov tswv yim no yog tias lawv tuaj yeem txo qhov mob thiab npog cov tsos mob. Yog li ntawd, muaj peev xwm ntawm cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm pulpitis los yog poob ntawm cov hniav. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev xaiv ntawm tus neeg mob tseem yog mus ntsib kws kho hniav. Thiab sai dua qhov zoo.
Kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv ncauj tsev menyuam
Cov lus pom zoo ntawm kws kho hniav rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob no yooj yim thiab meej:
- Kev txwv cov khoom noj ntawm cov khoom uas muaj carbohydrates nrog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm qab zib. Nws yog cov piam thaj uas cov kab mob ua, thiab cov khoom los ntawm qhov glycolysis yog lactic acid.
- noj carbs yog. Tsis muaj leej twg hais tias chocolate, khoom qab zib thiab buns yuav tsum tsis txhob noj. Tsis txhob noj lawv thaum hmo ntuj, thiab tom qab noj cov suab thaj, nws yog qhov zoo dua los ntxuav lossis yaug koj lub qhov ncauj.
- Kev ntxuav cov enamel yog yooj yim los ntawm zom cov khoom noj muaj fiber ntau. Yog li noj zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tshuaj ntsuab thiab nplej kom ntau.
- Kev huv yog tus yuam sij rau cov hniav noj qab haus huv. Thaum sawv ntxov peb txhuam hniav ntau dua rau lwm tus, tab sis hmo ntuj peb txhuam hniav kom peb noj qab haus huv.
- txheej txheem txhuam kom zoo. Oddly txaus, feem ntau cov neeg txhuam lawv cov hniav tsis raug. Nov yog tag nrho kev tshawb fawb uas tsim nyog rau ib tsab xov xwm cais.
- Dental Floss - zoo tiv thaiv kab mob hauv ncauj tsev menyuam. Nrog nws cov kev pab, cov khoom khib nyiab raug tshem tawm hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab thiab hauv cov pos hniav.
Yuav tsum muaj dab tsi ntawm koj lub txee
Yog koj saib xyuas koj cov hniav zoo, kojkoj yuav tsum yog:
- tshuaj txhuam hniav muaj txog li 1.5 txhiab fluoride.
- Fluoride-impregnated hniav txhuam hniav (fluorinated floss).
- Tooth rinses.
Txawm li cas los xij, kev xaiv cov tshuaj no yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account tus neeg mob ntawm lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav (fillings, uas ploj lawm hniav), hnub nyoog, fluoride cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv cov dej haus thiab ntau lwm yam. Nco ntsoov: Cov tshuaj fluoride ntau dhau yog qhov phem rau koj cov hniav tsawg dhau.
Yog li ntawd, kev tiv thaiv tseem ceeb ntawm caries yog mus ntsib kws kho hniav tsis tu ncua, tiv thaiv, sab laj lossis kho mob - nws tsis muaj teeb meem. Nrhiav tus kws kho mob uas koj ntseeg tau thiab koj cov hniav yuav ua tsaug rau koj nrog lub ntsej muag luag ntxhi thiab kev noj qab haus huv txaus ntshai.
