Structure thiab physiology ntawm otolithic apparatus

Cov txheej txheem:

Structure thiab physiology ntawm otolithic apparatus
Structure thiab physiology ntawm otolithic apparatus

Video: Structure thiab physiology ntawm otolithic apparatus

Video: Structure thiab physiology ntawm otolithic apparatus
Video: Haus cawv tuag, 10 lub teb chaws muaj neeg tuag coob lawm ntawm txoj kev haus cawv 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Kom nkag siab qhov zais cia ntawm dexterity ntawm qee qhov thiab yog vim li cas rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm lwm tus, kev kawm txog cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev ntawm kev sib npaug yuav pab tau. Nkag siab txog lub hauv paus ntawm vestibuloreception - kev xaav ntawm ib tug lub cev nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, yuav muab cov lus teb rau yuav ua li cas los txhim kho kev sib koom tes ntawm kev txav thiab seb nws puas muaj peev xwm los tsim dexterity.

Vestibular sensing

Vestibuloreception hauv lub cev yog muab los ntawm cov kabmob ntawm qhov sib npaug. Ntawm lawv, ib qho peripheral seem, nyob rau hauv lub puab pob ntseg, thiab ib tug central ib tug txawv. Cov tom kawg yog ib qho kev sau ntawm neural pathways, nuclei thiab cortical paj hlwb. Lub cerebellum yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev sib koom tes.

Lub peripheral ib feem ntawm lub vestibular analyzer muaj peb raws, uas yog hu ua semicircular, thiab lub vestibule. Cov channel yog taw qhia nyob rau hauv peb lub dav hlau nrog kev hwm rau ib leeg, uas yog vim li cas lawv hu ua frontal, kab rov tav thiab sagittal. Lawv puv nrog cov kua nplaum nplaum.

qauv ntawm lub vestibular apparatus
qauv ntawm lub vestibular apparatus

Hauv lub vestibule muaj ob lub hnab: lub tsev menyuam, uas sib txuas nrog cov kwj dej semicircular, thiab lub sacculus, nyob ib sab ntawm cochlea. Cov hnab no suav nrogmuaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm otolithic apparatus. Qhov kev hnov mob no yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev hnov qab lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, nrog rau kev nkag siab ntawm kev nrawm lossis nrawm, thaum cov channel muaj lub luag haujlwm rau cov lus teb rau kev sib hloov, ua tsaug rau tus neeg tsis poob qhov sib npaug txawm tias lub sijhawm nyuaj nyuaj thiab somersaults.

Lub cev ntawm lub otolithic apparatus

Yog li, cov cuab yeej no nyob ntawm qhov chaw pib thiab muaj ob lub hnab, ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv mechanoreceptors. Lawv tau ntim nrog cov viscosity siab endolymph thiab ua ke nrog cov kwj dej thiab cov cochlea tsim ib qho kev ua haujlwm endolymphatic.

Ib feem ntawm cov plaub hau receptors yog tig rau hauv kab noj hniav ntawm lub hnab. Raws li txoj cai, cov no yog cov qauv ntawm rau caum lossis ntau dua cov plaub hau uas muaj qhov ntev dua.

Lawv nkag mus rau lub jelly zoo li daim nyias nyias ntawm utriculus thiab sacculus. Los ntawm cov qauv, cov receptors ntawm otolithic apparatus muab faib ua ob hom:

  1. thawj hom yog lub raj mis zoo li. Cov receptors no raug suav hais tias yog cov hluas nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm evolutionary txoj kev loj hlob.
  2. Hom thib ob yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov duab cylindrical. Lawv evolutionarily laus.
otolithic apparatus receptors
otolithic apparatus receptors

Receptor cells txuas nrog cov plaub hau nyob rau saum toj nrog lub dome thiab endolymph ntawm cov kwj dej semicircular ntawm ib sab, thiab daim nyias nyias ntawm lub hnab otolith ntawm lwm qhov. Ntawm cov plaub hau no, tuab thiab ntev kinocilium, nrog rau ntau yam luv luv stereocilia, yog qhov txawv. Lawv qhov kawg yog nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov statokonium membrane, uas muaj ib tug jelly qauv vim mucopolysaccharide gel uas yog ib feem ntawm nws. Hauv nwscalcium phosphate crystals nyob - otoliths.

Neurons los ntawm receptors: dendrites thiab axons ntawm afferent thiab efferent kev sib txuas. Innervation yog ua los ntawm cov neurons ntawm lub vestibular ganglion, uas txuas mus rau lub paj hlwb vestibulocochlear, thiab lub vestibular nuclei:

  • top;
  • qab;
  • medial;
  • lateral.

Physiology ntawm vestibular analyzers

Kev tshawb fawb ntawm lub cev ntawm lub cev otolithic tau ua los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb Sewall thiab Breuer. Thawj qhov kev tsim ntawm txoj kev xav ua haujlwm yog J. Breuer. Raws li nws txoj kev xav, kev khaus ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov statocone membrane txheeb ze rau cov plaub hau ntawm cov receptors, nrog rau khoov ntawm cov plaub hau lawv tus kheej. Lub zog inertial uas tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm acceleration nyob rau hauv sib txawv cov lus qhia ua rau lub teeb liab.

Cov kws tshawb fawb R. Magnus thiab A. de Kline ntseeg tias kev khaus ntawm cov receptors yog tshwm sim los ntawm otoliths, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws tau pom thaum lawv nyob hauv limbo, thiab qhov tsawg kawg yog pom thaum lub otoliths nias ntawm cov plaub hau.

physiology ntawm otolithic apparatus
physiology ntawm otolithic apparatus

Cov lus teb rau kev khaus khaus yog nyob rau hauv cov leeg ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm caj dab thiab caj dab, thiab tseem tshwm sim hauv tonic rotational thiab ntsug qhov muag. Lub ntsiab lus nyob hauv kev tswj hwm qhov sib npaug, nrog rau ua kom cov khoom nyob ib puag ncig pom thaum hloov txoj haujlwm ntawm lub taub hau.

Txoj hauv kev txhim kho kev sib koom tes txav

Qhov rhiab heev ntawm lub vestibular apparatus tsis zoo li qub: nrog tas li raug rau ib qho stimulus, qhov hnyav ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txo qis, txhim khokev yoog raws. Qhov no yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev cob qhia uas nce kev sib koom tes ntawm kev txav.

kev cob qhia vestibular
kev cob qhia vestibular

Koj tuaj yeem txhim kho kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lub cev muaj zog raws li hauv qab no:

  • nce qhov tseeb ntawm kev txav;
  • motor memory development;
  • txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrawm;
  • kev cob qhia ntawm lub vestibular apparatus

Kev ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig no ua tau thaum ua si kis las, nrog rau ua cov kev tawm dag zog tshwj xeeb.

Pom zoo: