Tshuaj lom neeg yog ib yam mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshuaj lom hauv lub cev ntawm cov khoom tsim los ntawm kev lag luam lossis tau txais hauv chav kuaj. Intoxication yog nrog los ntawm cov tsos mob hnyav thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsis taus lossis tuag taus. Kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem thiab kev puas tsuaj, koj yuav tsum paub yuav ua li cas muab kev pab thawj zaug rau tshuaj lom.
Yam tshuaj lom
Intoxication yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau cov kab mob pathological. Los ntawm txoj kev loj hlob sai lawv paub qhov txawv:
- Mob hnyav - tshuaj lom tshwm sim hauv ob peb teev, tus yam ntxwv los ntawm cov tsos mob tshwj xeeb.
- Chronic - txhim kho nrog kev noj cov co toxins mus tas li rau hauv lub cev me me. Daim ntawv ntawm kev qaug cawv no yog qhov txaus ntshai vim tsis muaj cov tsos mob.
Tsis tas li, kev lom nrog tshuaj lom neeg raug faib ua tsev neeg, kho mob thiab kws tshaj lij. Raws li ICD-10systematization yog raws li hom khoom, qhov nkag mus rau hauv lub cev ua rau muaj tshuaj lom:
- Tshuaj, tshuaj (ICD-10 code X40-X44).
- Cawv thiab nws tus neeg sawv cev (X45).
- Gases thiab vaporous substances (X47).
- tshuaj tua kab (X48).
- tshuaj tsis raug qhia: tshuaj hauv tsev, qee hom chiv thiab lwm yam (X49).
Ua rau qaug cawv
Qhov laj thawj yog vim li cas cov tshuaj nkag mus rau hauv lub cev thiab ua rau muaj tshuaj lom yuav txawv heev. Qhov tseem ceeb yog kev siv cov khoom tsis raug. Tseem muaj lwm yam ua rau muaj tshuaj lom:
- Kev mob tshwm sim lossis txhob txwm tshaj tawm ntawm cov khoom lag luam.
- Kev siv yam khoom yuam kev lossis tsis xav.
- Tsis ua raws li cov lus qhia tau teev tseg hauv cov lus qhia txog cov cai siv cov khoom siv tshuaj.
- Kev tso tawm cov tshuaj mus rau hauv cov huab cua vim muaj kev kub ntxhov lossis kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg.
- Kev tsis lees paub lub luag haujlwm.
- Tsis quav ntsej kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb.
Tshuaj lom neeg: Cov tsos mob
Daim duab kho mob tsim kho raws li hom thiab cov tshuaj lom uas tau nkag mus rau hauv lub cev. Kev mob ntshav qab zib tuaj yeem tshwm sim sai sai nrog cov kab mob ua rau tuag taus, lossis maj mam - nrog kev maj mam loj hlob ntawm cov tsos mob nyuaj.
Vim qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov tshuaj lom ntawm cov tshuaj lom, cov tsos mob ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau qee lub cev yuav yeej. Hauv toxicology, nws yog kev cai rau kev cais tawmcov syndromes tseem ceeb sib xws rau cov teeb meem ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab ke no. Cov cim qhia txog kev lom nrog cov tshuaj uas muaj kev phom sij yog tias ntau npaum li cas yog:
- CNS: tsis nco qab, hnyav hyperreflexia, convulsive syndrome, dyskinesia, nkees.
- Somatovegetative disorders: impaired thermoregulation, tawm hws, tub kawm ntawv constriction.
- Cov kab mob ua pa: ua pa luv, hnoos qeev. Hauv kev ua pa hnyav, ua pa tsis ua haujlwm, cov txheej txheem atelectasis raug pom.
- Cov kab mob plawv: nce ntshav siab, circulatory tsis ua haujlwm, orthostatic collapse nrog tsis nco qab.
- GIT: xeev siab, ntuav ntuav, plab hnyuv los ntshav.
Yuav ua li cas thaum muaj tshuaj lom
Qhov ua rau qaug tshuaj nrog tshuaj yog lawv siv yam tsis muaj kws kho mob sau ntawv. Cov tshuaj feem ntau cuam tshuam rau lub paj hlwb. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tshuaj lom, yuav tsum tau mus kho mob sai li sai tau. Kev kho mob ua ntej yog kom tsis txhob siv tshuaj. Nws tseem tsim nyog los txo cov tshuaj lom los ntawm cov hauv qab no:
- pab plab kom huv dej.
- Kev siv cov pa roj carbon activated tso cai rau koj nqus cov co toxins thiab txo lawv qhov nqus hauv cov hnyuv.
- Muab kev thaj yeeb rau tus neeg mob lub cev thiab lub siab lub ntsws.
- Rau cov pa oxygen zoo, qhib qhov rais thiab tshem cov khaub ncaws nruj.
- ThaumKub kub so nrog phuam dipped hauv dej txias.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.
Intoxication tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv ethanol nrog ntau yam impurities lossis lwm yam cawv hu ua cawv surrogate lom. Feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov neeg txom nyem los ntawm alcoholism. Tsis tas li ntawd, surrogate lom tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas vim tsis muaj peev xwm yuav cov khoom uas muaj cawv. Cawv qaug cawv yog ib yam uas muaj ntau tshaj plaws ntawm txhua yam tshuaj lom. Nws ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau lub neej, kwv yees li 90% ntawm cov neeg haus cawv haus cawv tuag ua ntej mus pw hauv tsev kho mob.
Cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm kev lom tshuaj lom (butyl, propyl cawv, roj fusel) yog:
- Nco ntuav.
- mob taub hau.
- Nyob zoo ntawm yoov, daim ntaub thaiv ntawm lub qhov muag.
- Zoo siab.
- Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg.
- Nyob nqhis dej.
- Sudden in ntshav siab.
- Irregular heart rhythm.
- Kev tsis sib haum xeeb.
Thaum muaj tshuaj lom nrog cawv, nws yuav tsum tau ua kom tshem tawm cov tshuaj lom thiab kho cov tsos mob:
- YNpaj plab nrog qaug zog poov tshuaj permanganate daws.
- Kev siv cov tshuaj nqus dej: cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, Smecta.
- Txawm kom txo tau cov co toxins nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav, cov khoom hauv plab tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev ua kom ntuav ntuav.
- Thaum tsis nco qab, tus neeg mob raug coj mus rau txoj sia los ntawm kev nqus cov ammoniacawv.
- Yog koj nqhis dej heev, koj tuaj yeem haus dej ntsev, tab sis tsis muaj dej carbonated.
pab tshuaj tua kab
Tshuaj tua kab yog cov khoom siv los tswj cov kab tsuag thiab kab mob ntawm lub vaj thiab cov nroj tsuag horticultural. Cov tshuaj toxicity ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab ua liaj ua teb nyob ntawm cov qauv, physico-chemical zog, concentration thiab lub sij hawm raug. Hauv kev qaug cawv, cov tsos mob hauv qab no tau pom:
- kiv taub hau.
- Nyob hauv libs.
- Ntaus nrog ntuav.
- kev tsis sib haum xeeb.
- Thaum mob hnyav, ua tsis taus pa, ua tsis taus pa, kub taub hau, coma.
Kev qaug cawv ntev ntev yog yam ntxwv ntawm cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
- Nyob.
- Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg.
- Mob plawv thiab solar plexus.
- Ntsuag.
- Kev txhim kho ntawm gastritis, bronchitis feem ntau pom.
Thaum muaj tshuaj lom, kev pab thawj zaug yog kom tsis txhob sib cuag nrog tshuaj tua kab. Yog hais tias cov tshuaj lom neeg ua liaj ua teb nkag mus rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, lawv raug tshem tawm nrog lub swab thiab ntxuav tawm nrog xab npum dej. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov muag irritation, so nrog ib tug qaug zog daws ntawm baking soda. Yog hais tias nws nkag mus rau hauv lub plab, nws yog ntxuav nrog dej nrog absorbents yaj nyob rau hauv nws.
Yuav ua li cas thaum muaj tshuaj lom hauv tsev
Chemization ntawm tag nrho cov sectors ntawm lub teb chaws kev khwv nyiaj txiag inevitably ua rau kom nce nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrogtshuaj. Txoj kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev nkag mus ntawm cov khoom uas ua rau intoxication yog cov kab mob ua pa, tsis tshua muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Cov tshuaj nkag mus rau hauv plab los ntawm nqos los ntawm daim di ncauj, qhov ntswg mucosa, lossis los ntawm kev ntxuav tes tsis txaus.
Qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev lom yog nyob ntawm qhov concentration thiab lub sijhawm ntawm kev raug rau cov khoom siv tshuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, daim duab kho mob cuam tshuam los ntawm tus nqi ntawm neutralization thiab lub cev rhiab heev rau cov tshuaj lom. Cov tsos mob ntawm kev lom tshuaj lom:
- Nkauj hauv qhov muag.
- Tshuaj hauv caj pas, hnoos phlegm.
- iab saj hauv qhov ncauj.
- ua tsis taus pa.
- -Burns ntawm cov kua mis thiab tawv nqaij thiab daim tawv nqaij, hlawv qhov mob.
- mob plab plab.
- Ntaus, gagging. Nrog rau qhov mob hnyav heev, muaj cov kua tsib ntau hauv ntuav.
- kiv taub hau, mob taub hau tas li.
Kev pab thawj zaug rau tshuaj lom neeg yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Hu rau kev pab kho mob xwm txheej ceev tam sim.
- Yau cov mucous ntawm lub qhov ntswg, caj pas, daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab tes nrog dej.
- Tshem tawm tus neeg raug tsim txom los ntawm chav tsev uas muaj tshuaj lom, vim lawv lub cev muaj zog, tau kis hauv huab cua (cov tshuaj chlorine, roj av).
- Thaum muaj tshuaj lom los ntawm acids, muab mis nyuj rau tus neeg raug mob.
- Yog tias cov tshuaj lom yog tshwm sim los ntawm alkali, muab ib tablespoon roj zaub.
Gas lom
Ib feem ntau yog vim li cas cov pa roj hauv tsev nkag mus rau hauv lub cev ntau yog tsis ua raws li cov cai tswj kev nyab xeeb. Nyob ntawm daim duab kho mob hauv toxicology, 3 degrees ntawm kev lom yog txawv:
- Easy. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ua tsis taus pa, kiv taub hau, tsis muaj zog. Cov tsos mob daws tau tom qab tshem tawm cov tshuaj lom.
- Average. Sib txawv hauv kev nthuav dav ntawm cov cim ntawm kev lom. Cov tsos mob (palpitations, dysmotility, ntuav ntuav) daws tom qab kev kho mob, tab sis cov kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb tseem cuam tshuam rau ob peb hnub ntxiv.
- Hav. Muaj cov duab kho mob hnyav: lub hlwb tsis ua haujlwm, myocardial puas tsuaj, convulsions. Tom qab ntawd, cov teeb meem tshwm sim.
Kev pab thawj zaug rau tshuaj lom neeg muaj nyob rau hauv kev khiav tawm cov neeg raug tsim txom los ntawm qhov chaw txaus ntshai, muab huab cua ntshiab, ua kom sov los ntawm chaw nyob. Thaum tuaj txog, lub tsheb thauj neeg mob ua haujlwm resuscitation thiab pw hauv tsev kho mob tus neeg mob.
Cov ntsiab cai ntawm kev pab thawj zaug rau kev qaug cawv
Cov kws kho mob yuav tsum daws nrog kev tshem tawm kev qaug cawv thiab tshem tawm cov tshuaj lom hauv lub cev. Tab sis txhawm rau txo qhov yuav tshwm sim ntawm cov teeb meem thiab txo cov tsos mob, ntau qhov kev txiav txim tuaj yeem ua ntawm nws tus kheej. Kev pab thawj zaug rau tshuaj lom neeg yuav tsum tau qhia rau cov hauv qab no:
- Kev nrawm tshem tawm cov tshuaj lom hauv lub cev.
- Kev siv ceev ceev ntawm kev kho tshuaj tua kab mob uas hloov cov txheej txheem metabolic ntawm cov tshuaj lom lossis txo nws cov tshuaj lom.
- Kev tshem tawm cov tsos mob hnyav.
Kev cuam tshuam kho mob
Txoj kev kho tshuaj lom neeg yog nyob ntawm cov tshuaj lom, nws cov concentration, lub sijhawm raug thiab qhov kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev. Cov kev siv feem ntau yog:
- Kev ua kom muaj kuab lom yog thawj qhov yuav tsum tau ntsuas, uas yog ua los ntawm plab hnyuv. Txhawm rau kom tshem tawm cov co toxins, yuam diuresis yog siv cov tshuaj diuretics (Mannitol) lossis saluretics (Furosemide).
- Hemosorption yog siv los ntxuav cov ntshav ntawm co toxins. Qee zaum, siv cov ntshav los ntshav.
- Kev kho tshuaj tua kab mob tau zoo nyob rau theem toxicogenic thaum ntxov, thiab tsuas yog mob lom lom thiab yog paub hom tshuaj lom.
- Mob syndrome raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj glucose-novocaine sib xyaw rau hauv cov leeg.
- Kev puas siab puas ntsws raug tso tseg nrog neuroleptics, tranquilizers.
- Txhawm rau rov pib ua pa ib txwm muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm convulsive syndrome, 2-4 ml ntawm Seduxen tau muab tso rau hauv cov hlab ntsha.
- Hauv txhua kis mob ua pa tsis ua haujlwm, siv tshuaj tua kab mob ("Penicillin" thiab "Streptomycin"). Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug kub hnyiab ntawm lub Upper pa ib ntsuj av tau thiab o ntawm lub larynx, ib tug tracheostomy yog urgently ua.
Qhov kev mob tshwm sim nyob ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm kev puas tsuaj tshuaj lom, tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev thiab kev tshaj lij ntawm kws kho mob.
Kev nyuaj siab
Ntev ntev lossis siab ntau ntawm cov tshuaj feem ntau ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim loj:
- Toxic kab mob siab.
- Toxic Nephropathy.
- Pulmonary edema.
Kev Tiv Thaiv
Cov lus ceeb toom tshuaj lom yog ua raws li kev nco qab thiab ceev faj:
- Kev siv tshuaj yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev sau ntawv lossis tom qab sab laj nrog kws kho mob.
- Tsuas yog cov khoom muaj cawv uas tau lees paub yuav tsum tau yuav thiab noj.
- Ua ntej siv tshuaj hauv tsev lossis tshuaj tua kab, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo nyeem cov lus qhia. Koj yuav tsum siv cov khoom siv hauv kev tiv thaiv.
- Lub chav roj yuav tsum tau ua pa txhua hnub.
