Hypothyroidism: tshuaj xyuas, ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob thiab kho

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Hypothyroidism: tshuaj xyuas, ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob thiab kho
Hypothyroidism: tshuaj xyuas, ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob thiab kho

Video: Hypothyroidism: tshuaj xyuas, ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob thiab kho

Video: Hypothyroidism: tshuaj xyuas, ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob thiab kho
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Anonim

Hypothyroidism yog lub npe ntawm tus kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev txo qis hauv cov thyroid caj pas, nrog rau qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov tshuaj hormones los ntawm nws. Cov pathology yog qhov hnyav, tab sis ua tsaug rau kev ua tiav ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj, nws muaj peev xwm nres nws txoj kev loj hlob. Yog tias koj ntseeg qhov kev tshuaj xyuas, koj tuaj yeem ua lub neej tag nrho nrog hypothyroidism. Thiab txij li lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, peb yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau nws qhov kev txiav txim siab tam sim no.

YAbout pathology

Kev kuaj mob ntawm "hypothyroidism" hauv peb lub sijhawm yog qhov muaj ntau. Qhov no yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov thyroid caj pas, uas yog vim li cas nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev ntawm cov tshuaj hormones uas nws yuav tsum tsim. Los yog txo lawv cov nyhuv lom.

Tus kab mob no yuav tsis ua rau nws paub ntev. Cov txheej txheem ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob pib imperceptibly - tsis muaj cov tsos mob txaus ntshai. Tsuas yog qee zaus tus neeg tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm kev nyuaj siab lossis ua haujlwm dhau.

YPathologyfeem ntau ntawm cov poj niam. Nws feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov neeg mob laus.

Hormonal deficiency provokes kev hloov hauv lub cev. Tsis xav tsis thoob, vim tias cov thyroid hormones ua kom lub zog metabolism hauv cov hlwb tswj tau.

Kev kho mob hypothyroidism
Kev kho mob hypothyroidism

Yog tias muaj qhov tsis txaus, ces cov ntaub so ntswg pib siv cov pa oxygen tsawg dua, thiab feem ntau, lub cev siv zog txo qis. Ntau yam substrates kuj tseem ua haujlwm tsawg dua. Nws kuj cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov enzymes nyob hauv cellular, uas lub cev tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tag nrho.

Kev kis tus kab mob

Muaj ob hom hypothyroidism hauv cov poj niam thiab txiv neej. Nws yog ib txwm congenital los yog kis tau. Cia wb tham txog hom thib ob ua ntej. Vim tias qhov mob hypothyroidism tau muaj ntau dua - nws tau kuaj pom hauv 99% ntawm cov neeg mob.

Qhov laj thawj rau nws txoj kev loj hlob tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas hauv cov npe hauv qab no:

  • Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. Nws tshwm sim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau parenchyma ntawm cov thyroid caj pas. Tom qab nws, hypothyroidism tshwm sim ntau xyoo tom qab.
  • Tyreostatics rau kev kho mob ntawm diffuse toxic goiter.
  • mob iodine deficiency.
  • Iatrogenic hypothyroidism. Nws tshwm sim thaum cov thyroid caj pas tau tag nrho lossis ib nrab tshem tawm, lossis qee lub sijhawm tom qab siv tshuaj tua kab mob iodine.

Rarer ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev phais mob, nrog rau cov qog thiab mobkab mob.

Pathology ntawm ib hom noob caj noob ces

Congenital hypothyroidism yog kuaj tam sim tom qab tus menyuam yug los. Hmoov tsis zoo, tus kab mob no yog fraught nrog irreversible underdevelopment ntawm lub hauv paus paj hlwb (cerebral cortex tshwj xeeb). Qhov no tshwm sim los ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws, cretinism tseem tuaj yeem tsim lossis kev loj hlob ntawm cov pob txha thiab lwm yam kabmob yuav cuam tshuam.

Qhov no yog vim li cas? Kev ua txhaum cai uas tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm intrauterine. Peb tab tom tham txog congenital structural disorders ntawm lub hypothalamic-pituitary system los yog cov thyroid caj pas.

manifestation ntawm hypothyroidism
manifestation ntawm hypothyroidism

Nws kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev noj tshuaj tshwj xeeb. Los yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm tus poj niam cev xeeb tub ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov thyroid caj pas, uas tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv autoimmune pathology.

Yuav ua li cas, yog li, kev tswj hwm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub tsev menyuam tau them li cas? Tus poj niam cov thyroid hormones dhau los ntawm cov placenta thiab qhov nyiaj tshuav rov qab los. Tab sis tom qab yug me nyuam, tau kawg, lawv qib hauv tus menyuam cov ntshav poob qis heev.

Kev faib tawm

Nws kuj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas me ntsis, tham txog yam kab mob uas nws yog - hypothyroidism. Nyob ntawm theem thiab qhov hnyav ntawm kev ua txhaum cai, peb hom yog qhov txawv:

  • Pib. Qhov ua rau ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob yog pathology ntawm cov thyroid caj pas. TSH theem nce siab hauv hom hypothyroidism.
  • Secondary. Nws cuam tshuam nrog cov kab mob cuam tshuam rau lub caj pas pituitary. Qib ntawm T4 thiab TSH hauv hypothyroidism ntawm ob hom yog txo.
  • Tertiary. Qhov pib ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob yog dysfunctionshypothalamus.

Primary hypothyroidism yog ua ntej los ntawm aplasia, o, lossis hypoplasia ntawm caj pas. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov ua rau tuaj yeem yog kev tsis xws luag, tag nrho lossis subtotal thyroidectomy, lossis tsis muaj iodine. Tsis tshua muaj heev nws tsis tuaj yeem tshawb pom tias vim li cas tus kab mob pib tsim. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub pathology raug xa mus rau raws li ib tug idiopathic hom.

Ntau yam kev puas tsuaj rau cov kab mob hypothalamic-pituitary ua rau kev txhim kho ntawm theem nrab lossis theem nrab pathology - hluav taws xob, phais, qog, hemorrhage, raug mob.

Nws yog kev cai rau ib leeg tawm ntawm peripheral hypothyroidism, qhov tshwm sim ntawm uas provokes cov ntaub so ntswg tsis kam mus rau cov tshuaj hormones.

Symptoms

Tam sim no peb tuaj yeem tham txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm hypothyroidism. Cov tsos mob ntawm pathology suav nrog:

  • Tsis muaj ib qho cim tshwj xeeb uas yog tus yam ntxwv nkaus xwb rau tus kabmob no.
  • Cov tsos mob uas zoo ib yam li tshwm sim ntawm lwm yam kab mob ntawm somatic thiab lub paj hlwb.
  • Tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov tsos mob thiab qib ntawm cov tshuaj hormone deficiency.

Feem ntau, hypothyroidism hauv cov txiv neej thiab poj niam yog qhov nyuaj los txheeb xyuas los ntawm qee cov tsos mob. Txhua yam yog tus kheej heev - cov cim qhia nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob, qhov ua rau ntawm pathology, thiab tseem yuav nce siab npaum li cas cov tshuaj hormones tsis txaus.

Nws tseem yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov tsos mob yog polysystemic, tab sis feem ntau cov neeg mob yws txog cov teeb meem uas tshwm sim lawv tus kheej tsuas yog los ntawm qee yam kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev.

tsh rau hypothyroidism
tsh rau hypothyroidism

Kab mobpib manifest nws tus kheej tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no thaum nws mus tsis tu ncua thiab ntev. Tus neeg mob tuaj yeem lees paub los ntawm cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

  • ntsej muag thiab o.
  • Yellowish skin tone.
  • Tsis muaj zog thiab tawv tawv ntawm tes.
  • o ntawm cov ceg thiab daim tawv muag uas cuam tshuam nrog kev tuav dej.
  • -hlawv cov kev hnov hauv ceg ntoo.
  • tawv nqaij qhuav.
  • -npub thiab rab plaub hau, cov plaub hau ploj thiab thinning.
  • Kev qeeb qeeb thiab qaug zog.
  • hais lus qeeb (ib yam kab mob hnyav).
  • Hloov lub suab (nws dhau los ua nrov nrov thiab qis).
  • hnov tsis hnov lus tshwm sim los ntawm o ntawm pob ntseg nruab nrab, larynx thiab tus nplaig.
  • Hypothermia.
  • Nyhav nce.
  • Kev txias txias, qhia txog kev txo qis ntawm cov txheej txheem metabolic.
  • Nyob zoo thiab nco.
  • Txuag kev txawj ntse, kev txaus siab hauv lub neej thiab kev paub txog kev ua haujlwm.
  • Pab pw tsis tsaug zog thiab qaug zog.
  • -Kev Nyuaj Siab, Kev Nyuaj Siab, Melancholy.
  • Bradycardia.
  • Arterial diastolic siab.
  • Pericarditis.
  • Anemia.
  • ntshav siab cholesterol.
  • Txuag kev sib deev.
  • Tsis qab los noj mov nrog flatulence, xeev siab thiab cem quav.

Mob hauv hypothyroidism ntawm tus neeg mob kuj tseem cuam tshuam - lawv yog cov concentrated hauv cov leeg. Raws li tus kab mob kis mus, lub taub hau pib mob.

Nyob rau hauv cov poj niam, ntxiv rau cov saum toj no, kev yug me nyuamqhov system. Muaj kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo hauv kev coj khaub ncaws, mastopathy tshwm sim, tej zaum yuav muaj cov ntshav tsis zoo.

Kev tshwm sim hauv menyuam mos

Kev kuaj mob ntawm "hypothyroidism" hauv cov menyuam yug tshiab yog qhov yooj yim dua los tsim, txij li cov tsos mob tshwm sim qhia txog kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob. Cov no suav nrog:

  • Swol plab.
  • Ntaus hypotonia.
  • Umbilical hernia.
  • Too big.
  • Lub suab tob (txiav txim los ntawm tus menyuam quaj).
  • Enlarged thyroid thiab fontanel.
Cov txheej txheem kho mob hypothyroidism
Cov txheej txheem kho mob hypothyroidism

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum pib kho mob hypothyroidism sai sai. Yog tias qhov no tsis ua tiav, tom qab 3-4 lub hlis ntawm lub neej teeb meem yuav pib tsim. Ntawm lawv:

  • Zoo nqos.
  • Tsis qab los noj mov.
  • Persistent flatulence.
  • Nyob qhov hnyav nce.
  • khaw cia.
  • Hypothermia.
  • -dryness thiab pallor ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
  • Muscle tsis muaj zog.

Thiab ntawm 5-6 lub hlis, kev ncua ntawm lub cev thiab lub hlwb kev loj hlob twb pib. Qhov no yog pov thawj los ntawm lub lig kaw ntawm lub fontanelles, dav dav choj ntawm lub qhov ntswg, nrog rau hypertelorism, uas manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib tug nce nyob rau hauv kev ncua deb ntawm lub nruab nrog cev.

Kev nyuaj siab

Nws nyuaj rau zam lawv txoj kev loj hlob yog tias muaj kev kuaj mob tu siab. Hypothyroidism yog fraught nrog kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws, txwv tsis pub hu ua oligophrenia. Tsis tshua muaj siab heev - cretinism.

Tus me nyuam moblags tom qab ntawm kev sib deev kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob, feem ntau kis tau tus kab mob, thiab ces kho tau ntev. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tsis yooj yim sua los yog nyuaj rau nws dhau nws cov quav.

Thaum cev xeeb tub, pathology yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsis txaus ntseeg - pathologies ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov kabmob hauv nruab nrog cev, lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm, nrog rau kev yug menyuam nrog lub qog ua haujlwm tsis txaus.

tshuaj rau hypothyroidism
tshuaj rau hypothyroidism

Qhov teeb meem tsis tshua muaj thiab hnyav tshaj plaws yog hypothyroid coma. Nws cuam tshuam rau cov neeg laus uas muaj kab mob siab heev thiab mob hnyav. Kev loj hlob ntawm coma feem ntau yog txhawb nqa los ntawm kev raug mob, hypothermia, kev kis kab mob, nrog rau cov tshuaj uas ua rau txo qis kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab paj hlwb.

Tus mob no tshwm sim li cas? Rau tus mob coma, cov tsos mob yog:

  • Nkauj siab.
  • ua tsis taus pa.
  • Progressive CNS inhibition.
  • Txo qhov kub thiab txias.
  • Txo cov ntshav siab thiab lub plawv dhia.
  • tso zis tso quav.
  • o ntawm lub cev, tes thiab ntsej muag.
  • plab hnyuv.

Txhua yam teeb meem yog fraught nrog rau lwm yam tshwm sim, uas suav nrog kab mob plawv, ischemic stroke, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, infertility, tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob, mob cancer.

Diagnosis

Hypothyroidism hauv cov neeg laus yog tsim los ntawm tus kws kho mob endocrinologist, uas kuaj pom qhov txo qis hauv cov thyroid ua haujlwm thaum kuaj thiab qhia meej txog kev tsis txaus siab. Kev tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj kuj tseem ua tiav:

  • Qib ntawm autoantibodies tau txiav txim siab.
  • Qib tau nthuav tawmthyroxine thiab triiodothyronine.
  • Kev kuaj ntshav chemistry tau ua tiav.
  • thyroid ultrasound, koob tshuaj biopsy thiab scintigraphy hauv kev kawm.

Kab mob Congenital raug kuaj pom nyob rau hnub 4-5 ntawm tus menyuam lub neej - kev tshuaj xyuas yuav tsum txiav txim siab TSH.

Txoj Cai Kho Mob

Kev kho rau hypothyroidism ntawm cov thyroid caj pas tsuas yog muab los ntawm tus kws kho mob endocrinologist. Qhov no yog ib yam kab mob loj, thiab kev ua si nyiam nyiam siv tshuaj hauv qhov no (xws li lwm tus, txawm li cas los xij) tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim loj.

Kev kho mob yog tsom los hloov cov thyroid hormones nrog lawv cov khoom sib txuas, uas yog L-thyroxine. Yog tias muaj tus kab mob ntawm ib hom kab mob tshwm sim (kuaj kho mob) raug kuaj, ces kev kho mob hloov pauv kuj tau sau tseg.

hypothyroidism tshuaj xyuas
hypothyroidism tshuaj xyuas

A latent pathology yuav tsum tau kho yog tias nws pom nyob rau hauv ib tug poj niam cev xeeb tub los yog nyob rau hauv ib tug uas npaj yuav xeeb tub nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej.

Yog tias koj ntseeg tias cov kev tshuaj xyuas tau tso tseg los ntawm cov neeg mob hypothyroidism, ces qhov normalization ntawm tus mob pib hauv thawj lub lim tiam tom qab pib noj tshuaj. Hauv ob peb lub hlis ntawm kev kho mob ruaj khov, cov tsos mob tshwm sim ploj tag. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob debilitated thiab cov neeg laus, nws yuav siv sij hawm ntev.

Kev kho mob ntawm cov neeg mob plawv yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb. Hauv lawv, L-thyroxine ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau atrial fibrillation lossis angina pectoris.

Yog tias tus kab mob no tshwm sim los ntawm kev kho hluav taws xob lossis tshem tawm cov qog,Tom qab ntawd cov tshuaj hormonal hluavtaws raug sau tseg. Nrog hypothyroidism ntawm daim ntawv no, lawv yuav tsum tau noj tag nrho lub neej. Tib txoj kev kho yog qhia rau hom kab mob autoimmune. Tau kawg, cov neeg mob yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua los ntawm tus kws kho mob endocrinologist, uas yuav saib xyuas qib TSH thiab kho cov tshuaj ntau npaum li cas.

Yog hais tias tus kab mob tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm lwm tus kab mob, ces nws yuav ua tau kom normalize lub caj pas los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov hauv paus hniav.

Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los kho hypothyroidism yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev noj tshuaj tshwj xeeb. Koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tsis txhob noj lawv los ntawm kev xaiv cov analogues nyab xeeb.

Thaum qhov ua rau yog qhov tsis txaus iodine, ces qhov kev teem caij ntawm cov vitamins tshwj xeeb raug xaiv los ua txoj kev kho mob. Nrog rau hom hypothyroidism no, koj kuj yuav tsum tau ua raws li qee yam kev noj haus, uas qhia txog ntau yam kev noj haus nrog cov nqaij nruab deg thiab iodized ntsev.

Qhov phem tshaj plaws yog coma. Cov neeg mob uas ntsib nws raug kho hauv chav kho mob hnyav lossis chav kho mob hnyav. Lawv tuaj yeem tau txais kev cawmdim los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm cov thyroid hormones hauv qhov ntau. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau noj cov tshuaj glucocorticosteroids. Tom qab ntawd, electrolyte, hemodynamic thiab hypoglycemic teeb meem raug kho.

Tab sis cov no yog cov txheej txheem kho mob dav dav. Hypothyroidism yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv txhua kis, thiab yog li ntawd yuav tsum muaj kev kho tus kheej.

Cov lus pov thawj tus neeg mob

Lawv yuav tsum tau tham txog thaum kawg. Nws yog qhov laj thawj uas cov neeg uas ntsib tus kab mob no xav paub seb qhov kev mob tshwm sim rau nws li cas, nrog rau cov neeg mob nyob li cas,uas nws tau kuaj tau ntev dhau los.

Yog tias koj ntseeg qhov kev tshuaj xyuas, hypothyroidism tsis yog kev tuag. Nrog rau daim ntawv congenital, tau kawg, txhua yam nyob ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm kev kho mob pib. Yog tias kuaj pom tus kab mob tam sim ntawd, nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub paj hlwb.

Lub neej zoo ntawm cov neeg ua raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev them nyiaj kho mob tsis txo qis. Tsis muaj kev txwv - koj tsuas yog yuav tsum noj L-thyroxine txhua hnub thiab noj cov zaub mov uas muaj iodine.

mob hauv hypothyroidism
mob hauv hypothyroidism

Yuav ua li cas txog cov tshuaj uas feem ntau sau rau hypothyroidism? Hauv kev tshuaj xyuas, tib neeg feem ntau hais lus zoo ntawm "Eutiroks" - qhov no yog hluavtaws isomer ntawm thyroxine, zoo ib yam rau nws hauv nws qhov kev ua. Nws tsis tsuas yog normalizes hormonal tshuav nyiaj li cas, tab sis kuj nce qhov kev xav tau ntawm oxygen nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, thaum ib txhij stimulating carbohydrate, rog thiab protein metabolism. Lwm cov txiaj ntsig zoo suav nrog kev nce hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus paj hlwb thiab cov hlab plawv.

Tsis tas li, "Liothyronine" tau ua pov thawj nws tus kheej zoo. Nws tsis tsuas yog them nyiaj rau qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov tshuaj hormones, tab sis kuj txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab nce tus nqi ntawm cov as-ham nkag mus rau hauv lub cev. Nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau txhua yam ntawm hypothyroidism, nrog rau myxedema, goiter, kab mob pituitary thiab rog, provoked los ntawm metabolic tsis ua haujlwm.

Tus kws kho mob kuj tuaj yeem sau tshuaj Thyreocomb. Raws li koj tuaj yeem twv, qhov no yog cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke, uas suav nrog potassium iodide, liothyronine thiab levorioxin, nrog rau cov khoom ntxiv.

Ntse pom zooxws li kev kho mob xws li "Thyreoidin". Nws muaj cov tshuaj hormones ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb, uas yog muab rho tawm los ntawm cov kab mob ntawm nyuj. "Thyreoidin" tsis tsuas yog normalizes hormonal tshuav, tab sis kuj txhim kho cov txheej txheem ntawm lub zog hauv lub cev, thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub siab, lub raum thiab lub paj hlwb.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov tshuaj raug xaiv los ntawm tus kws kho mob endocrinologist. Yog hais tias qhov kev kho tsis zoo, nws yog hloov nrog ib tug muaj zog analogue. Kev xaiv cov koob tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws yuav tsum ua kom tus neeg mob tsis tu ncua pub ntshav rau biochemical tsom xam ob peb zaug hauv ib hlis.

Pom zoo: